ASTM F2029-08
(Practice)Standard Practices for Making Heatseals for Determination of Heatsealability of Flexible Webs as Measured by Seal Strength
Standard Practices for Making Heatseals for Determination of Heatsealability of Flexible Webs as Measured by Seal Strength
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice allows determination of the heatsealability of a surface or sealant layer. While it is necessary to have a heatseal surface layer that has adequate seal strength for the application, other material properties, such as the specific construction and total thickness, both chosen to satisfy requirements other than heatsealability, will impact the sealing properties of the material. This practice allows the impact of changes in material properties on heatsealability to be measured.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover laboratory preparation of heatseals and the treatment and evaluation of heatseal strength data for the purpose of determining heatsealability of flexible barrier materials. It does not cover the required validation procedure for the materials and production equipment.
1.2 Testing strength or other properties of the heatseals formed by these practices is not included in this standard. Refer to Test Method F 88 for testing heatseal strength.
1.3 The practices of this standard are restricted to sealing with a machine employing hot-bar jaw(s). Impulse, high-frequency, and ultrasonic heating methods are not included.
1.4 These practices apply primarily to webs intended to be used on commercial machines employing reciprocating sealing jaws, such as most form-fill-seal packaging machines, platen heatsealers, and so forth. Conditions of dwell time and sealing pressure on machines of this type typically are different from those on rotary machines.
1.5 The procedure of this practice with respect to choice of heatsealing conditions apply to ultimate seal strength or hot tack measurement.
1.6 Seals may be made between webs of the same or dissimilar materials. The individual webs may be homogeneous in structure or multilayered (coextruded, coated, laminated, and so forth).
1.7 Strength of the heatseal as measured by Test Method F 88 is the criterion for judging heatsealability employed in these practices.
1.8 Determination of heatsealability as judged by seal continuity, typically measured by air-leak, dye penetration, visual examination, microorganism penetration, or other techniques, are not covered by these practices.
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F2029 − 08
Standard Practices for
Making Heatseals for Determination of Heatsealability of
1
Flexible Webs as Measured by Seal Strength
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2029; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
1.1 These practices cover laboratory preparation of heat-
only.
seals and the treatment and evaluation of heatseal strength data
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
for the purpose of determining heatsealability of flexible
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
barrier materials. It does not cover the required validation
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
procedure for the materials and production equipment.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.2 Testing strength or other properties of the heatseals
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
formedbythesepracticesisnotincludedinthisstandard.Refer
to Test Method F88 for testing heatseal strength.
2. Referenced Documents
2
1.3 The practices of this standard are restricted to sealing 2.1 ASTM Standards:
with a machine employing hot-bar jaw(s). Impulse, high-
F88 Test Method for Seal Strength of Flexible Barrier
frequency, and ultrasonic heating methods are not included. Materials
F1921 Test Methods for Hot Seal Strength (Hot Tack) of
1.4 These practices apply primarily to webs intended to be
Thermoplastic Polymers and Blends Comprising the Seal-
used on commercial machines employing reciprocating sealing
ing Surfaces of Flexible Webs
jaws, such as most form-fill-seal packaging machines, platen
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
heatsealers, and so forth. Conditions of dwell time and sealing
Packaging Components for Testing
pressure on machines of this type typically are different from
those on rotary machines.
3. Terminology
1.5 The procedure of this practice with respect to choice of
3.1 Definitions:
heatsealing conditions apply to ultimate seal strength or hot
3.1.1 dwell time, n—the time interval when the sealing jaws
tack measurement.
areincontactwith,andexertingpressureon,thematerialbeing
sealed.
1.6 Seals may be made between webs of the same or
dissimilar materials. The individual webs may be homoge- 3.1.2 heatseal curve, n—a plot of measured seal strength
neous in structure or multilayered (coextruded, coated, versus sealing temperature when dwell and pressure are fixed.
laminated, and so forth).
3.1.2.1 Discussion—This is the basic curve for comparing
sealability of materials. It plots the force required to extend a
1.7 Strength of the heatseal as measured by Test Method
sealed test strip to failure, as a function of sealing temperature
F88 is the criterion for judging heatsealability employed in
when dwell and pressure are fixed. The portion of the curve at
these practices.
higher sealing temperatures may be affected by failure of the
1.8 Determination of heatsealability as judged by seal
substrate and may not be an accurate representation of seal
continuity, typically measured by air-leak, dye penetration,
strength.
visual examination, microorganism penetration, or other
3.1.3 heatseal strength, n—force required to peel the seal
techniques, are not covered by these practices.
apart, per unit width of seal.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—In many tests of seal strength, it is not
thesealthatfails,itisthesubstrateoralayer.Inthosetests,the
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F02 on Flexible
Barrier Packaging and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20 on
2
Physical Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F2029 – 00. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F2029-08. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F2029 − 08
true heatseal strength may be somewhat higher than the 4. Significance and Use
measured force that caused the specimen to fail. Some mate-
4.1 This practice allows determination of the heatsealability
rials are intentionally designed to fail in a layer not at the seal
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F2029–00 Designation:F2029–08
Standard Practices for
Making Heatseals for Determination of Heatsealability of
1
Flexible Webs as Measured by Seal Strength
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2029; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These practices cover laboratory preparation of heatseals and the treatment and evaluation of heatseal strength data for the
purpose of determining heatsealability of flexible barrier materials. It does not cover the required validation procedure for the
materials and production equipment.
1.2 Testing strength or other properties of the heatseals formed by these practices is not included in this standard. Refer to Test
MethodsMethod F 88 for testing heatseal strength.
1.3The practices of this standard are restricted to sealing with a machine employing hot-bar jaws. Impulse, high-frequency, and
ultrasonic heating methods are not included.
1.4These practices apply primarily to webs intended to be used on commercial machines employing reciprocating sealing jaws,
such as most vertical form-fill packaging machines, platen heatsealers, etc. Conditions of dwell time and sealing pressure on
machines of this type typically are different from those on rotary machines by an order of magnitude or more.
1.5The procedures of these practices with respect to choice of heatsealing conditions apply equally whether the application is
to ultimate seal strength or hot tack measurement.
1.6Seals may be made between webs of the same or dissimilar materials.The individual webs may be homogeneous in structure
or multilayered (coextruded, coated, laminated, etc.).
1.7Strength of the heatseal is the criterion for judging heatsealability employed in these practices.
1.8Determination of heatsealability as judged by seal continuity, typically measured by air-leak, dye penetration, visual
examination, microorganism penetration or other techniques, are not covered by these practices.
1.9Two variations of the heatsealing procedure are described herein, differing in whether the objective of the testing is to
determine, the heatsealability of the surface, or how well the entire web would heatseal in applications where the sealing interface
may not reach jaw temperature.
1.9.1Practice A, Heatsealability of a Surface—This method measures sealability of the web surface, or sealant layer if there is
one, as a function of interface temperature, which is independent of the influence of other web characteristics, such as total
thickness and construction.
1.9.2Practice B, Web Sealability at Short Dwell Time—The test seal is made at a dwell time shorter than required for the sealing
interface to reach the jaw temperature level, simulating conditions on high-speed vertical form-fill machines, or on slower
machines where the condition of nonequilibrium also exists. The resulting heatseal strength, under nonequilibrium conditions, is
then dependent not only on characteristics of the web’s sealing surface, but also on web thickness, construction, and other factors
affecting rate of heat transfer from jaws to the sealing interface. These include machine factors; (for example, anti-stick jaw
treatments, etc).
1.3 The practices of this standard are restricted to sealing with a machine employing hot-bar jaw(s). Impulse, high-frequency,
and ultrasonic heating methods are not included.
1.4 These practices apply primarily to webs intended to be used on commercial machines employing reciprocating sealing jaws,
such as most form-fill-seal packaging machines, platen heatsealers, and so forth. Conditions of dwell time and sealing pressure on
machines of this type typically are different from those on rotary machines.
1.5 The procedure of this practice with respect to choice of heatsealing conditions apply to ultimate seal strength or hot tack
measurement.
1.6 Sealsmaybemadebetweenwebsofthesameordissimilarmaterials.Theindividualwebsmaybehomogeneousinstructure
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F02 on Flexible Barrier Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20 on Physical
Properties.
Current edition approved May 10, 2000. Published July 2000.
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F02 on Flexible Barrier Packaging and are the direct res
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