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ASTM D746-98e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by Impact

Standard Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by Impact

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which plastics and elastomers exhibit brittle failure under specified impact conditions. Two routine inspection and acceptance procedures are also provided.  
Note 1—When testing rubbers for impact brittleness use Test Methods D2137.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
Note 2—This test method and ISO 974-1980 (E) are technically equivalent when using the Type B fixture and the Type III specimen, however, the minimum number of specimens that are required to be tested may be significantly different when using this test method. The ISO method requires that a minimum of 100 specimens be tested.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jul-1998
ICS
83.060 - Rubber
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.30 - Thermal Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D746-04 - Standard Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by Impact
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM C864-05(2019) - Standard Specification for Dense Elastomeric Compression Seal Gaskets, Setting Blocks, and Spacers
Effective Date
10-Jul-1998
Referred By
ASTM D2671-21 - Standard Test Methods for Heat-Shrinkable Tubing for Electrical Use
Effective Date
10-Jul-1998
Referred By
ASTM E1783/E1783M-96(2017) - Standard Specification for Preformed Architectural Strip Seals for Buildings and Parking Structures
Effective Date
10-Jul-1998
Referred By
ASTM C509-06(2021) - Standard Specification for Elastomeric Cellular Preformed Gasket and Sealing<brk/> Material
Effective Date
10-Jul-1998
Referred By
ASTM E1612/E1612M-94(2022) - Standard Specification for Preformed Architectural Compression Seals for Buildings and Parking Structures
Effective Date
10-Jul-1998
Referred By
ASTM E2203-14(2018) - Standard Specification for Dense Thermoplastic Elastomers Used for Compression Seals, Gaskets, Setting Blocks, Spacers and Accessories
Effective Date
10-Jul-1998
Referred By
ASTM F2510/F2510M-22 - Standard Specification for Resilient Connectors Between Reinforced Concrete Manhole Structures and Corrugated Dual- and Triple-Wall Polyethylene and Polypropylene Pipes
Effective Date
10-Jul-1998
Referred By
ASTM D876-21 - Standard Test Methods for Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Polymer Tubing Used for Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
10-Jul-1998
Referred By
ASTM D3350-21 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings Materials
Effective Date
10-Jul-1998
Referred By
ASTM D6134/D6134M-07(2019)e1 - Standard Specification for Vulcanized Rubber Sheets Used in Waterproofing Systems
Effective Date
10-Jul-1998
Referred By
ASTM D4101-17e1 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
10-Jul-1998
Referred By
ASTM D6434-12(2018) - Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Flexible Polypropylene Geomembranes
Effective Date
10-Jul-1998
Referred By
ASTM D1248-16 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion Materials for Wire and Cable
Effective Date
10-Jul-1998
Referred By
ASTM D5926-15(2020) - Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Gaskets for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV), Sewer, Sanitary, and Storm Plumbing Systems
Effective Date
10-Jul-1998

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ASTM D746-98e1 - Standard Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by ImpactASTM D746-98e1 - Standard Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by Impact
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ASTM D746-98e1 - Standard Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by Impact
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation: D 746 – 98
Standard Test Method for
Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by
1
Impact
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 746; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Editorially corrected 8.1.2 and 8.2.2 in April 2002.
1. Scope* E 220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples by
4
Comparison Techniques
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tem-
E 644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Ther-
perature at which plastics and elastomers exhibit brittle failure
4
mometers
under specified impact conditions. Two routine inspection and
E 1137 Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance
acceptance procedures are also provided.
4
Thermometers
NOTE 1—When testing rubbers for impact brittleness use Test Methods
2.2 ISO Standard:
D 2137.
ISO 974-1980 (E) Plastics—Determination of the Brittle-
5
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
ness Temperature by Impact
standard.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 General—The definitions of plastics used in this test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
method are in accordance with Test Method D 883 unless
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
otherwise specified.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 brittleness temperature—that temperature, estimated
statistically, at which 50 % of the specimens would probably
NOTE 2—This test method and ISO 974-1980 (E) are technically
fail.
equivalent when using the Type B fixture and the Type III specimen,
however, the minimum number of specimens that are required to be tested
4. Summary of Test Method
may be significantly different when using this test method. The ISO
method requires that a minimum of 100 specimens be tested.
4.1 To determine the brittleness temperature, specimens are
secured to a specimen holder with a torque wrench. The
2. Referenced Documents
specimen holder is immersed in a bath containing a heat-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
transfer medium that is cooled. The specimens are struck at a
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
specified linear speed and then examined. The brittleness
2
Insulating Materials for Testing
temperature is defined as the temperature at which 50 % of the
D 832 Practice for Rubber Conditioning for Low-
specimens fail.
3
Temperature Testing
2
5. Significance and Use
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
2
D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
5.1 This test method establishes the temperature at which
D 2137 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Brittleness
50 % of the specimens tested fail when subjected to the
3
Point of Flexible Polymers and Coated Fabrics
conditions specified herein. The test provides for the evaluation
E 77 Test Method for the Inspection and Verification of
of long-time effects such as crystallization, or those that may
4
Thermometers
be introduced by low-temperature incompatibility of plasticiz-
ers in the material under test. Plastics and elastomers are used
in many applications requiring low-temperature flexing with or
without impact. Data obtained by this test method may be used
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics
to predict the behavior of plastic and elastomeric materials at
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties
(Section D20.30.07).
Current edition approved July 10, 1998. Published January 1999. Originally
published as D 746 – 43 T. Last previous edition D 746 – 95.
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. ISO Standards Handbook 21, Vol 1. ISO Standards are available through
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01. American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th Floor, New York, NY
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03. 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e1
D 746–98
low temperatures only in applications in which the conditions and specimen clamp shall have a clearance of 3.6 6 0.1 mm at
of deformation are similar to those specified in this test and immediately following impact. The clearance between the
method. This test method has been found useful for specifica- outside of the striking edge and the clamp shall be 2.0 6 0.1
tion purposes, but does not necessarily measure
...

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5.1 This test method establishes the temperature at which 50 % of the specimens tested would probably fail when subjected to the conditions specified herein. The test provides for the evaluation of long-time effects such as crystallization, or those effects that are introduced by low-temperature incompatibility of plasticizers in the material under test. Plastics and elastomers are used in many applications requiring low-temperature flexing with or without impact. Use data obtained by this method to predict the behavior of plastic and elastomeric materials at low temperatures only in applications in which the conditions of deformation are similar to those specified in this test method. This test method has been found useful for specification purposes, but does not necessarily measure the lowest temperature at which the material is suitable for use.
FIG. 1 Dimensional Requirements Between Specimen Clamp and Striking Edge (Type A)
FIG. 2 Typical Clamp (Type A)
FIG. 3 Dimensional Details of Striking Edge and Clamping Device, Type B (Positioning of Unnotched Test Specimen)
Note 1: Dimensions are in millimetres.
FIG. 4 Assembled Clamp with Test Specimens, Type B
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which plastics and elastomers (as defined by Terminology D883) exhibit brittle failure under specified impact conditions. Two routine inspection and acceptance procedures are also provided.  
Note 1: When testing rubbers for impact brittleness use Test Method D2137. When testing plastic sheeting for impact brittleness, use Test Method D1790.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 Due to the potential safety and environmental hazards associated with mercury-filled thermometers, the use of alternative temperature measuring devices (such as thermocouples and RTDs) is encouraged.
Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method establishes the temperature at which 50 % of the specimens tested would probably fail when subjected to the conditions specified herein. The test provides for the evaluation of long-time effects such as crystallization, or those effects that are introduced by low-temperature incompatibility of plasticizers in the material under test. Plastics and elastomers are used in many applications requiring low-temperature flexing with or without impact. Use data obtained by this method to predict the behavior of plastic and elastomeric materials at low temperatures only in applications in which the conditions of deformation are similar to those specified in this test method. This test method has been found useful for specification purposes, but does not necessarily measure the lowest temperature at which the material is suitable for use.
FIG. 1 Dimensional Requirements Between Specimen Clamp and Striking Edge (Type A)
FIG. 2 Typical Clamp (Type A)
FIG. 3 Dimensional Details of Striking Edge and Clamping Device, Type B (Positioning of Unnotched Test Specimen)
Note 1: Dimensions are in millimetres.
FIG. 4 Assembled Clamp with Test Specimens, Type B
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which plastics and elastomers (as defined by Terminology D883) exhibit brittle failure under specified impact conditions. Two routine inspection and acceptance procedures are also provided.  
Note 1: When testing rubbers for impact brittleness use Test Method D2137. When testing plastic sheeting for impact brittleness, use Test Method D1790.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
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