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ASTM D6255/D6255M-05

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Steel or Aluminum Slotted Angle Crates

Standard Specification for Steel or Aluminum Slotted Angle Crates

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material and fabrication of new reusable, slotted angle metal crates intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of lightweight airframe components and lightweight bulky items for domestic or overseas air and surface shipments. This specification includes metal crates in a variety of types, classes, and styles reflecting varied performance, but does not address their performance under al atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Type I are open crates, while Type II are fully-enclosed or sheathed with solid material. On the other hand, Class 1 are used for outside or indeterminate storage, while Class 2 are for inside or protected storage. And finally, Style A are furnished without skids or rubbing strips, while Style B are furnished with skid blocks or skids with rubbing strips and provisions for forklift truck handling. Details regarding the manufacture and construction requirements are itemized thoroughly.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the material and fabrication of new reusable metal (slotted angle) crates intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of lightweight airframe components and lightweight bulky items, not exceeding 3000 lb [1361 kg] for domestic or overseas air and surface shipments.
1.2 Slotted angle crate performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and styles reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover slotted angle crate performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and permitted (see ), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified in Practice D 4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2005
ICS
55.160 - Cases. Boxes. Crates
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.12 - Shipping Containers, Crates, Pallets, Skids and Related Structures
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6255/D6255M-99 - Standard Specification for Steel or Aluminum Slotted Angle Crates
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D6255/D6255M-05(2011) - Standard Specification for Steel or Aluminum Slotted Angle Crates
Effective Date
01-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D3951-18 - Standard Practice for Commercial Packaging
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6253-16 - Standard Practice for Treatment and/or Marking of Wood Packaging Materials
Effective Date
01-May-2005

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ASTM D6255/D6255M-05 - Standard Specification for Steel or Aluminum Slotted Angle CratesASTM D6255/D6255M-05 - Standard Specification for Steel or Aluminum Slotted Angle Crates
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Technical specification
ASTM D6255/D6255M-05 - Standard Specification for Steel or Aluminum Slotted Angle Crates
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6255/D6255M – 05
Standard Specification for
1
Steel or Aluminum Slotted Angle Crates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6255/D6255M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A109/A109M Specification for Steel, Strip, Carbon (0.25
Maximum Percent), Cold-Rolled
1.1 This specification covers the material and fabrication of
A123/A123M Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized)
new reusable metal (slotted angle) crates intended for use as
Coatings on Iron and Steel Products
containers for domestic and overseas shipment of lightweight
A924/A924M Specification for General Requirements for
airframe components and lightweight bulky items, not exceed-
Steel Sheet, Metallic-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process
ing 3000 lb [1361 kg] for domestic or overseas air and surface
B209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
shipments.
Sheet and Plate
1.2 Slotted angle crate performance is dependent on its
B633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc
fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes,
on Iron and Steel
and styles reflecting varied performance are specified. This
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
specification, however, does not cover slotted angle crate
ments
performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and
D1990 Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for
storage conditions.
Visually-Graded Dimension Lumber from In-Grade Tests
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques
of Full-Size Specimens
are acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.12), the resulting pack-
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
aging systems shall be of equal or better performance than
D3953 Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals
would result from the use of these specified materials and
D4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified in
tainers and Systems
PracticeD4169canbeusedtodevelopcomparativeprocedures
D4727/D4727M Specification for Corrugated and Solid
and criteria.
Fiberboard Sheet Stock (Container Grade) and Cut Shapes
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
D6199 Practice for Quality of Wood Members of Contain-
be regarded separately as standard.Within the text, the SI units
ers and Pallets
are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not
F1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes,
exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used inde-
and Staples
pendentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystems
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
2.2 Federal Specifications:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3
TT-W-572 Wood Preservative: Water-Repellent
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.3 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appro-
4
PS1-95 Construction and Industrial Plywood
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2.4 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Standards:
5
2. Referenced Documents
B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws (Inch Series)
5
2
B18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5
B18.2.3.5M Metric Hex Bolts
5
B18.2.4.1M Metric Hex Nuts, Style 1
1
5
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
B18.2.4.2M Metric Hex Nuts, Style 2
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.12 on Shipping
Containers, Crates, Pallets, Skids, and Related Structures.
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally
3
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D6255/D6255M – 99. Available from the Federal Supply Service Bureau, Specification Section, Suite
DOI: 10.1520/D6255_D6255M-05. 8100, 480 L’Enfant Plaza, SW, Washington, DC 20408.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Bureau Dr., Stop 3460, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-3460.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th
the ASTM website. St., New York, NY 10017; American National Standard (ANSI) adopted.
Copyright © AS
...

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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood-cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies. The box shall be classified according to box type: Type I; Type II; Type II; and Type IV. According to class: Class 1 and Class 2. According to style: Style A; Style A1; Style B; Style C through K. According to preservative treatment; Treatment A and Treatment B. And according to load type: Type 1; Type 2; and Type 3. Panels shall be fabricated by nailing, stapling, or gluing panelboard to cleats placed. Fastener component test, fastener test for securing cleats to panelboard panels; lateral resistance test; direct withdrawal resistance test; oxine copper preservative test; zinc napthenate preservative test; and preservative dryness test shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood-cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 1000 lb [454 kg] depending on box type (see 10.1).  
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1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.17), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D4169, can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.  
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4.1 Dimensions are important properties in the general construction of a box, and accurate methods of measurement are required for research work, routine control, and acceptance testing for conformance to specifications. For packages to carry and protect their contents effectively and efficiently, boxes and interior components must be properly and consistently sized. Correctly dimensioned and well-made boxes can be more easily set up by hand or be erected using automatic equipment. “Square” boxes (rectangular parallelepipeds) will stack better to accept load and improve stability during storage and shipment.  
4.1.1 Interior dimensions of boxes are critical when the contents of the box are intended to fill or nearly fill the box with little unused side and head space. The inside dimension by tape method are the size values most often cited in box design (see 9.1, and TAPPI T827). The interior size of a box can be estimated from the score to score measurements when the scoring allowance is taken into account (see Appendix X2). The actual inside dimensions can be measured directly using the box gauge method (see 9.2). Either method can be used to measure interior box dimensions.  
4.1.2 Exterior dimensions may be the critical design criteria when attempting to optimize use of the shipping platform area and overall stack height based on transportation and storage limitations. Exterior dimensions are also key design elements when making common footprint boxes.5 The exterior dimensions of a box can be measured directly using the exterior dimensions by tape method (see Appendix X1).  
4.2 Measuring a Lot Quantity of Boxes—This method determines if a lot (that is, production run) is within specified tolerance for each dimension (length, width, and depth as are shown in Practice D5118/D5118M). A minimum of five specimens are measured. The test result for each dimension is the individual measurements of that dimension on all specimens (see 9.3).  
4.3 Measuring Single Bo...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the interior and exterior dimensions of regular slotted or special slotted styles of single-wall corrugated, double-wall corrugated and solid fiberboard boxes.  
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ASTM D5118/D5118M-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Fabrication of Fiberboard Shipping Boxes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Corrugated and solid fiberboard boxes, sleeves, and liners are used to unitize products into packages of size and shape suitable for manual or mechanical handling and to protect the contents against environmental, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.  
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FIG. 1 Fiberboard Box Dimensioning  
FIG. 2 Box, Fiberboard; Detail of Manufacturer's Joint Construction for Class Weather Resistant and WWVR Boxes  
FIG. 3 Box, Fiberboard; Details of Manufacturer's Joint Types  
FIG. 4 Cover Assembly  
FIG. 5 Box, Fiberboard; SL—Sleeve  
FIG. 6 Box, Fiberboard; L—Liner  
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SCOPE
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1.3 This practice does not directly cover the adequacy of fiberboard containers under all conditions of exposure to atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage. However, references regarding how to assess the adequacy of container under these conditions are included in the practice.  
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SCOPE
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1.1 This classification covers containers used to hold plastic resins with bulk density (Test Methods D1895) of 27 to 39 lb/ft3 (0.432 to 0.625 g/cm3).  
1.2 This classification does not apply to any plastic resins with bulk density below 27 lb/ft3 (0.432 g/cm3) or above 39lb/ft3  (0.625 g/cm3).  
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1.5 This classification does not address requirements of plastic bag liners normally placed inside the corrugated bulk box before filling with plastic resin.  
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1.10 This classification does not address pallet opening sizes for pallet trucks.  
1.11 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.13 This classification offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this classification may be applicable in all circumstances. This...

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ASTM D6254/D6254M-20(Specification)
Standard Specification for Wirebound Pallet-Type Wood Boxes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication of new fully enclosed wire bound pallet-type wooden boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding a certain weight given. Wire bound pallet-type wooden box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. According to type of material used in the manufacture of wooden boxes, four types are classified: Type I which are made with sheathed lumber, Type II which are made with sheathed lumber and veneer, Type III which are made of sheathed lumber and veneer with two different length sidewalls, and Type IV which are made of sheathed plywood. Four classes have been designated to wooden boxes, according to the number of entry ways: Class 1 which has partial four-way entry base, Class 2 which has two-way entry base, Class 3 which has partial four-way entry base with two different length sidewalls, and Class 4 which has two-way entry base with two different length sidewalls. And for the wooden boxes’ last classification, the way they are treated are described also as follows: Treatment A and B- with water preservative treatment and Treatment C without preservative treatment. All recovered, recycled, or virgin materials used in box manufacture shall meet the requirements of this specification and referenced documents. In addition, materials shall not affect or be affected by the product being packed. To determine the wooden boxes’ performance, the following tests shall be conducted: wood members moisture content test, coating adherence on galvanized wire test, wire tensile strength test, oxine copper preservative test, and zinc napthenate preservative test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new fully enclosed wirebound pallet-type wood boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 2500 lb [1134 kg] (see 4.1 and 10.1).  
1.2 Wirebound pallet-type wood box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified (see 4). This specification, however, does not cover wirebound pallet-type wood box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.  
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6573/D6573M-13(2020)(Specification)
Standard Specification for General Purpose Wirebound Shipping Boxes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication of new wire-bound general purpose panelboard shipping boxes for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of materials and supplies. This specification does not include wirebound box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Methods other than those detailed here may be used for the construction of the boxes, provided, that the finished products are of equal or better performance than those produced using the recommended procedures. The boxes are grouped into three types according to the load each box can carry, three classes according to shipment specifications, three styles, and two grades. It is recommended that the boxes be made from recycled materials, lumber, wires, and fasteners that meet the requirements of this specification. Each box side and joint should be assembled according to the recommended procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new wirebound general purpose (GP) panelboard (hereafter referred to as wirebound boxes) shipping boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 500 lb [226.8 kg] for Class 1 domestic, 400 lb [181.4 kg] for Class 2 overseas shipments or 300 lb [136.0 kg] for Class 3 extreme distribution hazard conditions or military contingency purposes.  
1.2 Wirebound box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types of load, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification does not cover wirebound box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Wirebound boxes in compliance with Hazardous Material Modal Regulations or United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs) are found in the Supplementary Requirements.  
1.3 The use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and shall be permitted, provided the resulting packaging systems are of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate Practice D4169 distribution cycle(s) can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI values given in brackets are mathematical. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6804-19(Guide)
Standard Guide for Hand Hole Design in Corrugated Boxes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It may be desirable at times to provide hand holes in corrugated boxes. Package designers use hand holes to solve ergonomic and handling problems associated with large or awkward containers. This guide provides an aid for proper hand hole design and use.  
4.1.1 Boxes for handling by a single person.  
4.1.2 Boxes that are too large or awkward to be handled well by a single person (4.4.1).  
4.2 Ergonomics:  
4.2.1 In studying and applying ergonomic principles, of primary concern is the need to provide a safe work environment for material handlers who may be required to lift or transport packages. A safe work environment is difficult to define and varies with the package in question. Several ergonomic safety issues involve repetitive motions and spine loading in the lifting process. Other issues involve finger and foot protection.  
4.2.2 In distribution centers or warehouses, low back disorders have been identified as areas of elevated risk. Low back problems continue to represent the most common and costly musculoskeletal disorders in the work place.4  
4.2.3 One method used to reduce the concern of distance of lift (spinal loading) is to bring the reach of the material handler's hands closer to the body. With large or awkward boxes, placing hand holes in a more advantageous position can solve this problem.  
4.2.4 Maximum weight for lifting is not generally specified by safety organizations. However, when considerations of repetition, movement, and other ergonomics are taken into account, a typical maximum load per single person is often limited to 40 to 50 lb per package.  
4.3 NIOSH:  
4.3.1 The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has published Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting.5 This document may be of assistance in developing proper hand holes and their placement for a specific package.  
4.3.2 Hand holes for single person box handling are generally intended for vertical symmetric lifting with some rotation and ...
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides guidelines for designing pre-cut apertures intended for use as hand holes in corrugated boxes during manual handling of boxed cargo.  
1.2 Limitations—This standard offers guidance for package development and for subsequent testing of boxes to measure performance. It is not intended to provide specific information on the design of hand holes.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use..  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6055-96(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are designed for use in most cases with the actual equipment to be used in load handling.  
4.2 These test methods may be used in evaluating the shipping unit as to suitability for mechanical handling by standard user-specified load-handling equipment.  
4.3 These test methods will allow the user to determine integrity and stability of the load as well as provide guidance to improve the design of the unit load where deficiencies are found.  
4.4 Damage to products or packages observed during testing may be expected to correlate at least in a qualitative way to damage observed in actual distribution handling systems.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are suitable for testing the integrity of unitized loads and large cases and crates, but not individual drums or palletized drums, as well as the ability of the contents to endure normal handling, using standard mechanical handling equipment. Not all of the test methods are applicable to all products containers and loads. These test methods are applicable to common means of material handling, including pull pack, clamp truck, and spade lift-type handling equipment as follows:  
1.1.1 Test Method A—Fork Truck Handling—For testing the ability of the shipping unit to withstand repeated handlings by this test method.  
1.1.2 Test Method B—Spade Lift Test—For lifting by spade lift attachment to determine the ability of the handling flap of the case or shipping unit to withstand repeated lifting and handling by this test method.  
1.1.3 Test Method C—Clamp Handling Test—For lifting by hydraulic clamp attachment, to determine the ability of the shipping unit to withstand squeeze clamp handling consisting of repeated side compression and lifting.  
1.1.4 Test Method D—Push-Pull Handling Test—For testing the ability of a unitized load on a slip-sheet to withstand repeated handling by this test method.  
1.1.5 Test Method E—Grabhook Test—For lifting by grabhooks to determine the ability of the shipping unit to withstand the horizontal pressures of grabhooks.  
1.1.6 Test Method F—Sling Tests—For lifting by wire rope, cable, or woven fiber slings to determine the ability of the shipping unit to withstand the compression of slings.  
1.2 Additional Test Methods:  
1.2.1 Additional test methods that apply to mechanical handling and rough handling tests of unitized loads and large cases and crates include incline impact tests, described in Test Method D880; horizontal impact tests, described in Test Method D4003.  
1.2.2 Practice D4169 provides a series of options for selecting and running performance tests on all types of shipping containers and systems.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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