ASTM D1366-86(1997)

Standard Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characteristics of Pigments

SCOPE
1.1 This practice for reporting the fineness characteristics of pigments is designed to apply in most cases where well-known methods for determining these particle size characteristics in the subsieve range are employed, such as microscopic, sedimentation, and turbidimetric methods; and partially to absorption and permeability methods.  
1.2 Laminar, plate-like pigments and composite pigments having a definite bimodal distribution are not considered within the scope of this practice.  
1.3 Parameters -The fineness characteristics are reported in the following three parameters:  
1.3.1 Particle Size Parameter .  
1.3.2 Coarseness Parameter -A parameter descriptive of the coarseness character of the pigment, making use of a limiting value in the subsieve range similar to that used in the sieve ranges.  
1.3.3 Dispersion Parameter -A parameter descriptive of the uniformity of the particle size distribution.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Nov-1997
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.31 - Pigment Specifications

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D1366-86(2003) - Standard Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characteristics of Pigments
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D1199-86(2020) - Standard Specification for Calcium Carbonate Pigments
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D1648-86(2020) - Standard Specification for Basic Lead Silicochromate Pigment
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D4288-02(2019) - Standard Specification for Calcium Borosilicate Pigments
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 1366 – 86 (Reapproved 1997)
Standard Practice for
Reporting Particle Size Characteristics of Pigments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1366; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope This parameter is the same as that frequently reported as
“Average Particle Size by Surface Mean,” and “Specific
1.1 This practice for reporting the fineness characteristics of
Particle Size,” and is defined as follows:
pigments is designed to apply in most cases where well-known
3 2
methods for determining these particle size characteristics in
SSD 5 (d f/(d f (1)
the subsieve range are employed, such as microscopic, sedi-
where:
mentation, and turbidimetric methods; and partially to absorp-
SSD = specific surface diameter, μm,
tion and permeability methods.
d = mean class size, μm, and
1.2 Laminar, plate-like pigments and composite pigments
f = frequency.
having a definite bimodal distribution are not considered within
Therefore the SSD is the diameter of a sphere having the
the scope of this practice.
specific surface characteristic of the pigment. The true specific
1.3 Parameters—The fineness characteristics are reported
surface of all pigments involves a shape factor. Report SSD
in the following three parameters:
whether or not the effect of shape has been considered in the
1.3.1 Particle Size Parameter.
calculations. Presumably, as the effect of shape is better
1.3.2 Coarseness Parameter—A parameter descriptive of
understood, it will figure more and more in calculations
the coarseness character of the pigment, making use of a
involving particle size, but in the meantime it will of necessity
limiting value in the subsieve range similar to that used in the
be ignored in many cases.
sieve ranges.
3.1.2 coarseness parameter (CP)—that diameter, expressed
1.3.3 Dispersion Parameter—A parameter descriptive of
in micrometres, below which 99.5 % of the pigment falls.
the uniformity of the particle size distribution.
3.1.3 dispersion parameter (DP)—the ratio of the microme-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
tre size within which 50 % of the pigment lies, to the specific
problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
surface diameter, SSD. The larger the DP number, the greater
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
the dispersion parameter and the lower the uniformity. Report
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
the dispersion parameter in all cases when a distribution curve
limitations prior to use.
can be prepared from the original data. The dispersion param-
eter cannot be calculated from data obtained by absorption or
2. Referenced Documents
permeability methods. Determine as follows:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.3.1 Prepare a cumulative-size distribution curve on
E 20 Practice for Particle-Size Analysis of Particulate Sub-
3-phase log paper, using the vertical axis for the percent falling
stances in the Range of 0.2 to 75 μm by Optical Micros-
2 below the size indicated, and the horizontal axis (log scale) for
copy
diameter in micrometres. Use the upper class limit correspond-
3. Terminology ing to the cumulative weight percentage. Subtract the mi-
crometre size at 25 % cumulative weight from the micrometre
3.1 Definitions:
size at 75 %, and multiply the difference by 100 4 SSD,as
3.1.1 particle size parameter (specific surface diameter,
follows:
SSD)—diameter d used elsewhere in ASTM test methods.
DP 5~μm at 75 % 2 μm at 25 %!/ SSD 3 100 (2)
~ !
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications.
Current edition approved June 27, 1986. Published August 1986. Originally
e1
published as D 1366 – 55 T. Last previous edition D 1366 – 65 (1981) .
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 1366 – 86 (1997)
TABLE 2 Example of Data Sheet for Sedimentation Method
4. Significance and Use
Class Size
Diameter Class Size Limits
4.1 This practice is of value (1) to the producer of fine
Weight %, Cumulative
Diameter, d f
d f Weight, %
particles as a means of reporting particle characteristics with Lower Upper
d,μm
respect to quality control and (2) to the buyer to assure that the
0.0 0.5 0.25 11.0 44.00 11.0
particle size and particle size distribution meet his require- 0.5 1.0 0.75 10.0 13.33 21.0
1.0 1.5 1.25 10.0 8.00 31.0
ments.
1.5 2.0 1.75 9.0 5.14 40.0
2.0 3.0 2.50 15.0 6.00 55.0
5. Procedure
3.0 4.0 3.50 9.5 2.71 64.5
4.0 5.0 4.50 8.5 1.89 73.0
5.1 Particle Size by Microscopical Methods—Procedures
5.0 7.5 6.25 12.5 2.00 85.5
for determining particle size by microscopical methods are
7.5 10.0 8.75 8.0 0.91 93.5
described in Practice E 20. When microscopical methods are 10.0 15.0 12.50 5.3 0.42 98.8
15.0 20.0 17.50 1.2 0.07 100.0
employed, report the data in tabular form similar to that shown
20.0 30.0 25.00 0.0 0.00
in Table 1.
Totals 100.0 84.47
5.2 Particle Size by Sedimentation Meth
...