ASTM F1659-95
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bending and Shear Fatigue Testing of Calcium Phosphate Coatings on Solid Metallic Substrates (Withdrawn 2005)
Standard Test Method for Bending and Shear Fatigue Testing of Calcium Phosphate Coatings on Solid Metallic Substrates (Withdrawn 2005)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the performance of calcium phosphate ceramic coatings in shear and bending fatigue modes. In the shear fatigue mode this test method evaluates the adhesive and cohesive properties of the coating on a metallic substrate. In the bending fatigue mode, this test method evaluates both the adhesion of the coating as well as the effects that the coating may have on the substrate material. These test methods are limited to testing in air at ambient temperature. These test methods are not intended for application in fatigue tests of components or devices; however, the test method that most closely replicates the actual loading configuration is preferred.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the procedure for the performance of calcium phosphate ceramic coatings in shear and bending fatigue modes. In the shear fatigue mode this test method evaluates the adhesive and cohesive properties of the coating on a metallic substrate. In the bending fatigue mode, this test method evaluates both the adhesion of the coating as well as the effects that the coating may have on the substrate material. These test methods are limited to testing in air at ambient temperature. These test methods are not intended for application in fatigue tests of components or devices; however, the test method that most closely replicates the actual loading configuration is preferred.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F04 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices, this test method was withdrawn in August 2005 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F 1659 – 95
Standard Test Method for
Bending and Shear Fatigue Testing of Calcium Phosphate
Coatings on Solid Metallic Substrates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1659; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the perfor- 3.1 Definitions:
mance of calcium phosphate ceramic coatings in shear and 3.1.1 The definitions of terms relating to shear and fatigue
bending fatigue modes. In the shear fatigue mode this test testing appearing in Terminology E 6 and Terminology E 206
method evaluates the adhesive and cohesive properties of the shall be considered as applying to the terms used in this test
coating on a metallic substrate. In the bending fatigue mode, method.
this test method evaluates both the adhesion of the coating as
4. Summary of Test Methods
well as the effects that the coating may have on the substrate
4.1 Shear Fatigue Testing:
material. These test methods are limited to testing in air at
ambient temperature. These test methods are not intended for 4.1.1 The intent of the shear fatigue test is to determine the
adhesive or cohesive strength of the coating, or both.
application in fatigue tests of components or devices; however,
the test method that most closely replicates the actual loading 4.1.2 This test is designed to allow the coating to fail at
either the coating/substrate interface, within the coating, or at
configuration is preferred.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the the glue/coating interface.
4.2 Bending Fatigue Testing:
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
information only. 4.2.1 The intent of the bending fatigue test is to quantify the
effect that the coating has on the substrate to which it is
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the applied. It may also be used to provide a subjective evaluation
of coating adhesion (that is, spalling resistance, cracking
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
resistance, etc.).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4.2.2 Thistestmethodisdesignedtofirstprovideasubstrate
fatiguestrengthtoserveasabaselinetoassesstheeffectsofthe
2. Referenced Documents
coating on the resulting fatigue strength of the system.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
ing 5.1 The shear and bending fatigue tests are used to deter-
mine the effect of variations in material, geometry, surface
E 206 Definitions of Terms Relating to Fatigue Testing and
the Statistical Analysis of Fatigue Data condition, stress, etc., on the fatigue resistance of calcium
phosphate coated metallic materials subjected to direct stress
E 466 Practice for Constant Amplitude Axial Fatigue Tests
of Metallic Materials forupto10 cycles.Thesetestsmaybeusedasarelativeguide
to the selection of calcium phosphate coated materials for
E 467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dy-
namic Loads in an Axial Load Fatigue Testing Machine service under conditions of repeated stress.
5.2 In order that such basic fatigue data be comparable,
E 468 Practice for Presentation of Constant Amplitude Fa-
tigue Test Results for Metallic Materials reproducible, and can be correlated among laboratories, it is
essential that uniform fatigue practices be established.
5.3 The results of the fatigue test may be used for basic
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F-4 on Medical
material property design. Actual components should not be
and Surgical Materials and Devicesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
tested using these test methods.
F04.13on Ceramic Materials.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1995. Published May 1996.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Discontinued; see 1987 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1659
6. Equipment Characteristics
6.1 Equipment characteristics shall be in accordance with
Section 7 on Adhesive Bonding Materials of Practice E 466.
6.2 Shear Fatigue Test Grips:
6.2.1 General—Various types of grips may be used to
transmit the load to the specimens by the testing machine. To
ensure axial shear stress, it is important that the specimen axis
coincide with the centerline of the heads of the testing machine
and that the coating test plane be parallel to the axial load.Any
departure from this requirement (that is, any eccentric loading)
will introduce bending stresses that are not included in the
usual stress calculation (force/cross-sectional area).
6.2.2 A drawing of a typical gripping device for the test
assembly is shown in Fig. 1.
FIG. 2 Adaptor to Mate the Gripping Device to the Tensile
Machine
FIG. 1 Gripping Device for Shear Testing
6.2.3 Fig. 2 shows a drawing of the adaptor to mate the
FIG. 3 Schematic of the Shear Test Set-up
shear fixture to the tensile machine.
6.2.4 Fig. 3 shows a schematic of the test setup.
6.3 Bending Fatigue Test Grips—There are a variety of
7.1.2 In instances where coating porosity extends to the
testing machines that may be employed for this test (that is,
coating/substrate interface, the bonding agent shall be suffi-
rotating beam fatigue machines and axial fatigue machines).
ciently viscous and application to the coating sufficiently
The gripping method for each type of equipment shall be
detailed, to assure that it will not penetrate through the coating
determined by either the manufacturer of that equipment
to the substrate.The FM 1000Adhesive Film with a thickness
(rotating beam machines) or the user.
of 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) has proven satisfactory for this test.
7.1.3 If a material other than FM 1000 is used, or the
7. Adhesive Bonding Materials
condition of the FM 1000 is unknown, it must be tested to
7.1 Adhesive Bonding Agent—A polymeric adhesive bond-
establish its equivalence fresh FM 1000. Testing should be
ing agent in film form, or filled viscous adhesive cement, shall
performed without the presence of the calcium phosphate
be identified and shall meet the following requirements.
coating to establish the performance of the adhesive.
7.1.1 The bonding agent shall be capable of bonding the
coating on the test specimen components with an adhesive
shear strength that is at least 34.5 MPa (5000 psi) or as great as
the minimum required adhesion or cohesion strength of the
Available from American Cyanamid, Engineering Materials Division, Wayne,
coating. New Jersey.
F 1659
8. Test Specimens
8.1 Shear Fatigue Specimen:
8.1.1 The recommended shear test specimen and setup is
illustrated in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, respectively. A complete,
assembled test assembly, consists of two solid pieces: one with
a coated surface and the other with an uncoated surface. The
FIG. 5 Bending Fatigue Specimen With Tangentially Blending
uncoated surface may be roughened to aid in the adhesion of
Fillets Between the Test Section and the Ends for Rotating Beam
the adhesive bonding agent. or Axial Loading
8.1.2 The cross-sectional area of the substrate upon which
2 2
the coating is applied shall be a nominal 2.85 cm (0.44 in. ).
When specimens of another cross-sectional area are used, the
data must be demonstrated to be equivalent to the results
produced using the 2.85 cm standard cross-sectional area and
the specimen size should be reported.
FIG. 6 Specimens With a Continuous Radius Between the Ends
8.2 Bending Fatigue Specimen:
for Rotating Beam or Axial Loading
8.2.1 The type of specimen used will depend upon the
objective of the test program, the type of equipment, the
equipment capacity, and the form in which the material is
available. The design, however, must meet certain general
criteria as follows:
8.2.1.1 The design of the specimen should be such that if
specimen failure should occur, it should occur in the test
section (reduced area as shown in Figs. 5-8, and Fig. 9).
FIG. 7 Specimens With Tangentially Blending Fillets Between the
8.2.1.2 Specimens employing a flat tapered beam configu-
Uniform Test Section and the Ends for Axial Loading
ration should be designed such that a constant surface stress
exists in the test section when the specimen is constrained at
one end and point loaded perpendicular to the beam axis at the
other end (that is, cantilever loading).
FIG. 8 Specimens With a Continuous Radius Between the Ends
for Axial Loading
FIG. 9 A Tapered Beam Configuration for Bend Testing
8.2.1.3 Rotating beam specimens may have unique dimen-
sions, depending upon the type of machine used. Use appro-
priate manufacturers’ specifications for these specimens.
8.3 Specimen Coating Preparation:
8.3.1 Calcium phosphate coatings may be applied by any
one of a number of techniques. Apply the coatin
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