ASTM D4683-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Viscosity of New and Used Engine Oils at High Shear Rate and High Temperature by Tapered Bearing Simulator Viscometer at 150 °C
Standard Test Method for Measuring Viscosity of New and Used Engine Oils at High Shear Rate and High Temperature by Tapered Bearing Simulator Viscometer at 150 <span class='unicode'>°</span>C
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Viscosity values at the shear rate and temperature of this test method have been indicated to be related to the viscosity providing hydrodynamic lubrication in automotive and heavy duty engines in severe service.
The viscosities of engine oils under such high temperatures and shear rates are also related to their effects on fuel efficiency and the importance of high shear rate, high temperature viscosity has been addressed in a number of publications and presentations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the viscosity of engine oils at 150 °C and 1.0·106 s−1 using a viscometer having a slightly tapered rotor and stator called the Tapered Bearing Simulator (TBS) Viscometer.
1.2 The Newtonian calibration oils used to establish this test method range from approximately 1.2 mPa·s to 7.7 mPa·s at 150 °C.
1.3 The non-Newtonian reference oil used to establish the shear rate of 1.0·106 s−1 for this test method has a viscosity closely held to 3.55 mPa·s at 150 °C.
1.4 Manual, semi-automated, and fully automated viscometers were used in developing the precision statement for this test method.
1.5 Application to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been determined in preparing the viscometric information for this test method.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6.1 This test method uses the milliPascal·second (mPa·s) as the unit of viscosity. This unit is equivalent to the centipoise (cP).
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4683–09
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Viscosity of New and Used Engine Oils at High
Shear Rate and High Temperature by Tapered Bearing
1
Simulator Viscometer at 150°C
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4683; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
6 −1
the viscosity of engine oils at 150°C and 1.0·10 s using a D4741 Test Method for Measuring Viscosity at High Tem-
viscometer having a slightly tapered rotor and stator called the peratureandHighShearRatebyTapered-PlugViscometer
2
Tapered Bearing Simulator (TBS) Viscometer. D5481 Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity at
1.2 TheNewtoniancalibrationoilsusedtoestablishthistest High-Temperature and High-Shear Rate by Multicell Cap-
method range from approximately 1.2 mPa·s to 7.7 mPa·s at illary Viscometer
150°C.
3. Terminology
1.3 The non-Newtonian reference oil used to establish the
6 −1
shear rate of 1.0·10 s for this test method has a viscosity 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 density—massperunitvolumeofthetestliquid.InSI,
closely held to 3.55 mPa·s at 150°C.
1.4 Manual, semi-automated, and fully automated viscom- the unit of density is the kilogram per cubic metre, but, for
practicaluse,asubmultipleismoreconvenient.Thus,gramper
eters were used in developing the precision statement for this
test method. cubic centimetre is customarily used and is equivalent to
3 3
10 kg/m .
1.5 Applicationtopetroleumproductsotherthanengineoils
has not been determined in preparing the viscometric informa- 3.1.2 Newtonian oil or fluid—oil or liquid that at a given
temperature exhibits a constant viscosity at all shear rates or
tion for this test method.
shear stresses.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 3.1.3 non-Newtonian oil or fluid—oil or liquid that exhibits
aviscositythatvarieswithchangingshearstressandshearrate.
standard.
1.6.1 This test method uses the milliPascal·second (mPa·s) 3.1.4 shear rate—velocity gradient in liquid flow in milli-
metres per second per millimetre (mm/s per mm). The SI unit
astheunitofviscosity.Thisunitisequivalenttothecentipoise
-1
(cP). for shear rate is reciprocal seconds, s .
3.1.5 shear stress—force per unit area causing liquid flow.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the The unit area noted is the area over which viscous shear is
being caused.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.1.6 viscosity—ratio of applied shear stress and the result-
ing rate of shear. It is sometimes called the coefficient of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
dynamic or absolute viscosity (in contrast to kinematic viscos-
ity). This coefficient is a measure of the resistance to flow of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
the liquid. In the SI the unit of viscosity is the Pascal·second
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
(Pa·s), often conveniently expressed as milliPascal·second
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
(mPa·s), or as the English system equivalent, the centipoise
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originally
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4683–04. DOI:
(cP).
10.1520/D4683-09.
2
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
3
is Tannas Co., 4800 James Savage Rd., Midland, MI 48642. If you are aware of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D4683–09
3.1.6.1 apparent viscosity—viscosity of a non-Newtonian Intercept Method (see 10.1.4 and Annex A2) using both
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4683–04 Designation:D4683–09
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Viscosity at High Shear Rate and High
Temperature by Tapered Bearing SimulatorMeasuring
Viscosity of New and Used Engine Oils at High Shear Rate
and High Temperature by Tapered Bearing Simulator
1
Viscometer at 150°C
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4683; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
6 −1
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the viscosity of engine oils at 150°C and 13101.0·10 s shear
rate using a tapered bearing simulator-viscometer (TBS Viscometer)using a viscometer having a slightly tapered rotor and stator
2
called the Tapered Bearing Simulator (TBS) Viscometer. equipped with a refined thermoregulator system. Older TBS units not
so equipped must use Test Method D4683–87.
1.2The Newtonian calibration oils used to establish this test method cover the range from approximately 1.5 to 5.6 cP (mPa·s)
at 150°C.
1.3The non-Newtonian reference oil used to establish this test method has a viscosity of approximately 3.5 cP(mPa·s) at 150°C
and a shear rate of 1310
1.2 The Newtonian calibration oils used to establish this test method range from approximately 1.2 mPa·s to 7.7 mPa·s at
150°C.
6
−1
1.3 The non-Newtonian reference oil used to establish the shear rate of 1.0·10 s .
1.4Applicability to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been determined in preparing this test method.
1.5This test method uses the centipoise (cP) as the unit of viscosity. For information on the equivalent SI unit, the millipascal
second (mPa·s) is shown in parentheses.
1.6for this test method has a viscosity closely held to 3.55 mPa·s at 150 °C.
1.4 Manual, semi-automated, and fully automated viscometers were used in developing the precision statement for this test
method.
1.5 Application to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been determined in preparing the viscometric information
for this test method.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6.1 ThistestmethodusesthemilliPascal·second(mPa·s)astheunitofviscosity.Thisunitisequivalenttothecentipoise(cP).
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4741 Test Method for Measuring Viscosity at High Temperature and High Shear Rate by Tapered-Plug Viscometer
D5481 Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity at High-Temperature and High-Shear Rate by Multicell Capillary
Viscometer
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 on
Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Feb.July 1, 2004.2009. Published March 2004.November 2009. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 19962004 as
D4683–96.D4683–04. DOI: 10.1520/D4683-049.
2
ThesolesourceofsupplyoftheapparatusknowntothecommitteeatthistimeisTannasCo.,4800JamesSavageRd.,Midland,MI48642.Ifyouareawareofalternative
suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical
committee,, which you may attend.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4683–09
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 density—the mass per unit volume. In the SI, the unit of density is the kilogram per cubic metre, but for practical use a
—mass per unit volume of the test liquid. In SI, the unit of density is the
...
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