ASTM D2171/D2171M-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The viscosity at 60°C [140°F] characterizes flow behavior and may be used for specification requirements for cutbacks and asphalt binders.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of viscosity of asphalt binder (bitumen) by vacuum capillary viscometers at 60°C [140°F]. It is applicable to materials having viscosities in the range from 0.0036 to over 20 000 Pa · s [0.036 to over 200 000 P].
Note 1—This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures, but the precision is based on determinations on asphalt binders at 60°C [140°F].
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s websitehttp://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, into your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2171/D2171M − 10
Standard Test Method for
1
Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2171/D2171M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the cooperating societies in accordance with
established procedures.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determina-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tion of viscosity of asphalt binder (bitumen) by vacuum
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
capillary viscometers at 60°C [140°F]. It is applicable to
materials having viscosities in the range from 0.0036 to over
2. Referenced Documents
20 000 Pa·s [0.036 to over 200 000 P].
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures, but
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
the precision is based on determinations on asphalt binders at 60°C
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
[140°F].
Sieves
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
mometers
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3. Terminology
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1 Definitions:
with the standard.
3.1.1 Newtonian liquid—a liquid in which the rate of shear
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United
is proportional to the shearing stress. The constant ratio of the
States Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) and many state shearing stress to the rate of shear is the viscosity of the liquid.
agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous
If the ratio is not constant, the liquid is non-Newtonian.
system,kidneyandliverdamage.Mercury,oritsvapor,maybe
3.1.2 viscosity—the ratio between the applied shear stress
hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should
and rate of shear is called the coefficient of viscosity. This
be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing
coefficient is thus a measure of the resistance to flow of the
products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data
liquid. It is commonly called the viscosity of the liquid. The SI
Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http:// 2
unit of viscosity is 1 Pa·s (1 N·s/m ) and is called a Pascal-
www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. 2
second.Thecgsunitofviscosityis1g/cm·s(1dyne·s/cm )and
Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-
is called a poise (P). 1 Pa·s is equivalent to 10 P.
containing products, or both, into your state may be prohibited
by state law.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The time is measured for a fixed volume of the liquid to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
be drawn up through a capillary tube by means of vacuum,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
under closely controlled conditions of vacuum and tempera-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ture. The viscosity in Pascal-seconds is calculated by multi-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
plying the flow time in seconds by the viscometer calibration
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
factor.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
NOTE 2—The rate of shear decreases as the liquid moves up the tube,
or it can also be varied by the use of different vacuum or different size
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 on
2
Rheological Tests. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ε1
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2171 – 07 . DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D2171-10. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Uni
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D2171–07
Designation: 222/84 (89) Designation: D2171/D2171M – 10
Standard Test Method for
1
Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2171/D2171M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. ´ NOTE—Table X1.1 was editorially corrected in
March 2010.
This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the cooperating societies in accordance with
established procedures.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of viscosity of asphalt binder (bitumen) by vacuum capillary
viscometers at 60°C (140°F).[140°F]. It is applicable to materials having viscosities in the range from 0.0036 to over 20 000 Pa
· s (0.036[0.036 to over 200 000 P).P].
NOTE1—This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures, but the precision is based on determinations on asphalt binders at 60°C (140°F).
1.2 1—This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures, but the precision is based on determinations on asphalt
binders at 60°C [140°F].
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state
agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be
hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products.
See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/
faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, into your
state may be prohibited by state law.
1.3
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD04onRoadandPavingMaterialsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD04.44onRheological
Tests. In the IP this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D2171–01. DOI:
10.1520/D2171-07.
´1
Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2171 – 07 . DOI:
10.1520/D2171-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2171/D2171M – 10
3.1.1 Newtonian liquid—a liquid in which the rate of shear is proportional to the shearing stress. The constant ratio of the
shearing stress to the rate of shear is the viscosity of the liquid. If the ratio is not constant, the liquid is non-Newtonian.
3.1.2 viscosity—the ratio between the applied shear stress and rate of shear is called the coefficient of viscosity. This coefficient
is thus a measure of the resistance to flow of the liquid. It is commonly called the viscosity of the liquid. The SI unit of viscosity
2 2
is1Pa·s(1 N·s/m ) and is called a Pascal-second. The cgs unit of viscosity is 1 g/cm·
...
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