ASTM E384-99e1

Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the microindentation hardness of materials, the verification of microindentation hardness testing machines, and the calibration of standardized test blocks.
1.2 This test method covers microindentation tests made with Knoop and Vickers indenters under test forces in the range from 1 to 1000 gf (9.8 10-3  to 9.8 N).
1.3 This test method includes an analysis of the possible sources of errors that can occur during microindentation testing and how these factors affect the accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of test results.
Note 1—While Committee E04 is primarily concerned with metals, the test procedures described are applicable to other materials.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Nov-1999
• ICS: 19.060 - Mechanical testing
• Technical Committee: E04 - Metallography
• Drafting Committee: E04.05 - Microindentation Hardness Testing

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E384-99 - Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Replaced By: ASTM E384-05 - Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Referred By: ASTM B884-11(2019) - Standard Specification for Niobium-Titanium Alloy Billets, Bar, and Rod for Superconducting Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F2924-14(2021) - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium with Powder Bed Fusion
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM E606/E606M-21 - Standard Test Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM B69-21 - Standard Specification for Rolled Zinc
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM B934-21 - Standard Test Method for Effective Case Depth of Ferrous Powder Metallurgy (PM) Parts Using Microindentation Hardness Measurements
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM B388-06(2018) - Standard Specification for Thermostat Metal Sheet and Strip
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM B1015-20 - Standard Practice for Form and Style of Standards Relating to Refined Nickel and Cobalt and Their Alloys
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F2150-19 - Standard Guide for Characterization and Testing of Biomaterial Scaffolds Used in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue-Engineered Medical Products
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM B386/B386M-19e1 - Standard Specification for Molybdenum and Molybdenum Alloy Plate,<brk/>Sheet, Strip, Foil, and Ribbon
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D1474/D1474M-13(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of Organic Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM E92-23 - Standard Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hardness of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F2162-01(2016) - Standard Specification for Bearing, Roller, Needle: Drawn Outer Ring, Full Complement, Without Inner Ring, Open and Closed End, Standard Type
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F3042-13(2018) - Standard Specification for Nonferrous Hex Socket, Slotted Headless, and Square Head Set Screws
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation: E 384 – 99
Standard Test Method for
1
Microindentation Hardness of Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 384; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—Values for 138 Diagonal of Impression µm, in Table X5.1, were editorially corrected in February 2002.
5
1. Scope E 175 Terminology of Microscopy
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.1 This test method covers determination of the microin-
4
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
dentation hardness of materials, the verification of microinden-
E 766 Practice for Calibrating the Magnification of a Scan-
tation hardness testing machines, and the calibration of stan-
3
ning Electron Microscope
dardized test blocks.
1.2 This test method covers microindentation tests made
3. Terminology
withKnoopandVickersindentersundertestforcesintherange
–3
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
from 1 to 1000 gf (9.8 3 10 to 9.8 N).
method, see Terminology E 7.
1.3 This test method includes an analysis of the possible
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
sourcesoferrorsthatcanoccurduringmicroindentationtesting
3.2.1 calibrating, v—determining the values of the signifi-
and how these factors affect the accuracy, repeatability, and
cant parameters by comparison with values indicated by a
reproducibility of test results.
reference instrument or by a set of reference standards.
NOTE 1—WhileCommitteeE04isprimarilyconcernedwithmetals,the
3.2.2 Knoop hardness number, HK, n—an expression of
test procedures described are applicable to other materials.
hardness obtained by dividing the force applied to the Knoop
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
indenter by the projected area of the permanent impression
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
made by the indenter.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.3 Knoop indenter, n—a rhombic-based pyramidal-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
shaped diamond indenter with edge angles of/ A = 172° 308
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and/ B = 130° 08 (see Fig. 1).
3.2.4 microindentation hardness test, n—a hardness test
2. Referenced Documents
using a calibrated machine to force a diamond indenter of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specific geometry into the surface of the material being
C 1326 Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of
evaluated, in which the test forces range from 1 to 1000 gf (9.8
2
–3
Advanced Ceramics
310 to9.8N),andtheindentationdiagonal,ordiagonalsare
C 1327 Test Method for Vickers Indentation Hardness of
measured with a light microscope after load removal; for any
2
Advanced Ceramics
microindentation hardness test, it is assumed that the indenta-
3
E 3 Methods of Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
tion does not undergo elastic recovery after force removal.
3
E 7 Terminology Relating to Metallography
NOTE 2—Use of the term microhardness should be avoided because it
E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate the
implies that the hardness, rather than the force or the indentation size, is
4
Average Quality for a Lot or Process
very low.
E 140 Test Method for Hardness Conversion Tables for
3 3.2.5 verifying, v—checking or testing the instrument to
Metals
assure conformance with the specification.
3.2.6 Vickers hardness number, HV, n—an expression of
hardness obtained by dividing the force applied to a Vickers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E04 on
indenter by the surface area of the permanent impression made
Metallography and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E04.05 on Micro-
by the indenter.
hardness.
3.2.7 Vickers indenter, n—asquare-basedpyramidal-shaped
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1999. Published March 2000. Originally
published as E 384 – 69. Last previous edition E 384 – 89. diamond indenter with face angles of 136° (see Fig. 2).
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
4 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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e1
E384–99
FIG. 1 Knoop Indenter
FIG. 2 Vickers Indenter
3 3 2
3.3 Formulae—The formulae presented in 3.3.1-3.3.4 for
HK 5 1.000 3 10 3 P/A ! 5 1.000 3 10 3 P/ c 3 d ! (1)
~ ~
p p
calculating m
...