ASTM E776-87(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Forms of Chlorine in Refuse-Derived Fuel
Standard Test Method for Forms of Chlorine in Refuse-Derived Fuel
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The standard is available to producers and users of RDF for determining the content and forms of chlorine present in the fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the forms of chlorine in refuse-derived fuel-three (RDF): total chlorine, water-soluble chloride, and water-insoluble chlorine.
1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements see Section 6 and 11.2.1.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:E776–87 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
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Forms of Chlorine in Refuse-Derived Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope RDF-1—Wastes used as a fuel in as-discarded form with
only bulky wastes removed.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the forms
RDF-2—Wastes processed to coarse particle size with or
of chlorine in refuse-derived fuel-three (RDF): total chlorine,
without ferrous metal separation.
water-soluble chloride, and water-insoluble chlorine.
RDF-3—Combustible waste fraction processed to particle
1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste
sizes, 95 % passing 2-in. square screening.
material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be
RDF-4—Combustible waste fraction processed into powder
prepared.
form, 95 % passing 10-mesh screening.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
RDF-5—Combustible waste fraction densified (compressed)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
into the form of pellets, slugs, cubettes, or briquettes.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 total chlorine—all chlorine as determined in the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
refuse-derived fuel.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
3.1.3 water-insoluble chlorine—water-insoluble chlorides
precaution statements see Section 6 and 11.2.1.
and chlorine in the refuse-derived fuel.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.4 water-soluble chloride—those chlorides which are
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water-solubilized by water extraction as determined in the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
refuse-derived fuel.
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E 144 Practice for Safe Use of Oxygen Combustion Bombs
4. Summary of Test Method
E 180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
4.1 The forms of chloride and chlorine are determined. The
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial Chemicals
various procedures in the method convert the forms of chlorine
E 287 Specification for Burets
into a water-soluble chloride form that can be quantitated by
E711 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Refuse-
titration.
Derived Fuel by the Bomb Calorimeter
4.1.1 Total Chlorine—The sample is combusted in an oxy-
E 829 Practice for Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF)
gen atmosphere. The chlorine is converted to chloride and
Laboratory Samples for Analysis
absorbed in an alkaline solution.
3. Terminology
4.1.2 Water-Soluble Chlorides—A portion of the analysis
sample is successively extracted with hot chloride-free water.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4.1.3 Water-Insoluble Chlorine—Water-insoluble chlorine
3.1.1 refuse-derived fuels—solid forms of refuse-derived
is calculated from the results of the total chlorine and the
fuels from which appropriate analytical samples may be
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water-soluble chloride determination where:
prepared are defined as follows in ASTM STP 832:
water2insoluble chlorine 5 total chlorine 2 water2soluble chlorides
(1)
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
4.2 The chlorides contained in the alkaline solution (4.1.1)
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03.02 on
Municipal Recovery and Reuse.
and the extraction solution (4.1.2) are determined by potentio-
Current edition approved Aug. 28, 1987. Published October 1987. Originally
metric (see Section 13) or modified Volhard titration (see
published as E 776 – 81. Last previous edition E 776 – 81.
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Section 14).
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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Thesaurus on Resource Recovery Terminology, ASTM STP 832, ASTM, 1983,
p. 72.
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E776–87 (2004)
FIG. 1 Graph From a Potentiometric Titration of Chloride
5. Significance and Use excess of sulfide is easily removed by gently boiling the acid
solution for a few minutes. Sulfite can be eliminated in the
5.1 The standard is available to producers and users of RDF
same way.
fordeterminingthecontentandformsofchlorinepresentinthe
7.2.3 Cyanide is also precipitated by silver nitrate. It is
fuel.
usually determined separately by the Liebig-Deniges method
and a correction is applied to the results of the
...
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