ASTM F31-12

Standard Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron Sealing Alloys

ABSTRACT
This specification covers iron-nickel-chromium alloy (UNS K94760) used primarily for glass-sealing applications in electronic devices. The chemical composition of the material shall conform to the requirements prescribed. Chemical analysis shall be made, when desired, in accordance with the prescribed requirements. The average linear coefficient of thermal expansion shall be within limits of the requirements specified. The material shall be commercially smooth, uniform in cross section, in composition, and in temper; it shall be free of scale, corrosion, cracks, seams, scratches, slivers, and other defects.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel-chromium alloys (UNS K94760 and UNS K95150) used primarily for glass-sealing applications in electronic devices.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2012
• ICS: 77.120.40 - Nickel, chromium and their alloys
• Technical Committee: F01 - Electronics
• Drafting Committee: F01.03 - Metallic Materials, Wire Bonding, and Flip Chip

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F31-05(2010) - Standard Specification for 42% Nickel-6% Chromium-Iron Sealing Alloy
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Referred By: ASTM F375-20 - Standard Specification for Integrated Circuit Lead Frame Material (Withdrawn 2023)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Referred By: ASTM F140-98(2020) - Standard Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Butt Seals and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polarimetric Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Referred By: ASTM F14-80(2019) - Standard Practice for Making and Testing Reference Glass-Metal Bead-Seal
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Referred By: ASTM F144-80(2019) - Standard Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Sandwich Seal and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polarimetric Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F31 −12
StandardSpecification for
1
Nickel-Chromium-Iron Sealing Alloys
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF31;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Seal and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polari-
metric Methods
1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel-chromium al-
loys (UNS K94760 and UNS K95150) used primarily for
3. Ordering Information
glass-sealing applications in electronic devices.
3.1 Ordersformaterialunderthisspecificationshallinclude
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
the following information:
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.1.1 Size,
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.1.2 Temper (Section 6),
and are not considered standard.
3.1.3 Surface finish (Section 8),
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 Marking and packaging (Section 13), and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.5 Certification if required.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Chemical Composition
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 The material shall conform to the requirements of Table
1 as to chemical composition.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—The major constituents of this alloy may be adjusted by the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
manufacturer so that the alloy meets the requirement for thermal expan-
E18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
sion.
terials
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to 5. Chemical Analysis
Determine Conformance with Specifications
5.1 Chemical analysis shall be made, when desired, in
E38Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Chromium
accordance with Methods E38.
3
and Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (Withdrawn 1989)
E112Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
6. Surface Lubricants
E228Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
6.1 Alllubricantsusedduringcold-workingoperationssuch
Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
as drawing, rolling, or spinning, shall be capable of being
F14Practice for Making andTesting Reference Glass-Metal
removed readily by any of the common organic degreasing
Bead-Seal
solvents.
F140Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Butt Seals
and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polarimetric
7. Temper
Methods
7.1 The desired temper of the material shall be specified on
F144Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Sandwich
the purchase order. Unless otherwise specified, wire, rod, and
tubing shall be given a final bright anneal by the manufacturer.
Strip and sheet shall be annealed properly to develop drawing
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 on
properties. For deep drawing, the hardness shall not exceed
Electronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on Metallic
Rockwell B90 when determined in accordance with Test
Materials.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally
Methods E18.
approved in 1963 as F31–63T. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as
F31–05(2010). DOI: 10.1520/F0031-12.
8. Grain Size
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
8.1 Strip and sheet for deep drawing applications shall have
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
an average grain size not larger than ASTM No. 5 (Note 2),
the ASTM website.
3
with no more than 10% of the grains larger than No. 5 when
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. measuredinaccordancewithTestMethodsE112.Formaterials
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F31−12
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
10.2 Care shall be taken to prevent the depletion of surface
Element 42Ni-6Cr(UNS K94760) 47Ni-6Cr(UNS K95150) chromium during processing.
Composition, % Composition, %
11. Thermal Expansion Characteristics
Nickel, nominal 42.0 47.0
Chromium, nominal 5.6 6.0
11.1 The average linear coefficient of thermal expansion
Carbon, max 0.07 0.02
shall be within limits specified in Table 7.
Manganese, max 0.25 0.30
Phosphorus, max 0.025 0.025
12. Test Method for Thermal Expansion
Sulfur, max 0.025 0.025
Silicon, max 0.30 0.30
12.1 Heat the specimen for 15 min at 1100°C in a hydrogen
Aluminum, max 0.20 -
Iron remainder remainder or cracked-ammonia atmospher
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F31 − 05 (Reapproved 2010) F31 − 12
Standard Specification for
42 % Nickel-6 % Chromium-Iron Sealing AlloyNickel-
1
Chromium-Iron Sealing Alloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F31; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers antwo iron-nickel-chromium alloy (UNS K94760) alloys (UNS K94760 and UNS K95150) used
primarily for glass-sealing applications in electronic devices.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to Section 13. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
3
E38 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Chromium and Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (Withdrawn 1989)
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
F14 Practice for Making and Testing Reference Glass-Metal Bead-Seal
F140 Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Butt Seals and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polarimetric Methods
F144 Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Sandwich Seal and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polarimetric
Methods
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the following information:
3.1.1 Size,
3.1.2 Temper (Section 6),
3.1.3 Surface finish (Section 8),
3.1.4 Marking and packaging (Section 13), and
3.1.5 Certification if required.
4. Chemical Composition
4.1 The material shall conform to the requirements of Table 1 as to chemical composition.
NOTE 1—The major constituents of this alloy may be adjusted by the manufacturer so that the alloy meets the requirement for thermal expansion.
5. Chemical Analysis
5.1 Chemical analysis shall be made, when desired, in accordance with Methods E38.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 on Electronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on Metallic Materials.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010July 1, 2012. Published November 2010August 2012. Originally approved in 1963 as F31 – 63 T. Last previous edition approved
in 20052010 as F31 – 05.F31 – 05(2010). DOI: 10.1520/F0031-05R10.10.1520/F0031-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F31 − 12
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
Element 42Ni-6Cr(UNS K94760) 47Ni-6Cr(UNS K95150)
Composition, % Composition, %
Nickel, nominal 42.0 47.0
Chromium, nominal 5.6 6.0
Carbon, max 0.07 0.02
Manganese, max 0.25 0.30
Phosphorus, max 0.025 0.025
Sulfur, max 0.025 0.025
Silicon, max 0.30 0.30
Aluminum, max 0.20 -
Iron remainder remainder
6. Surface Lubricants
6.1 All lubricants used during cold-working operations such as drawing, rolling, or spinning, shall be capable of being removed
readily by any of the common organic degreasing solvents.
7. Temper
7.1 The desired temper of the material shall be specified on the purchase order. Unless otherwise specified, wire, rod, and tubing
shall be given a final bright anneal by the manufacturer. Strip and sheet shall be annealed properly to develop drawing properties.
For deep drawing, the hardness shall not exceed Rockwell B90 when determined in accordance with Test Methods E18.
8. Grain Size
8.1 Strip and sheet for deep
...