ASTM F2078-22
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing
Standard Terminology Relating to Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The terms used in describing hydrogen embrittlement have precise definitions. The terminology and its proper usage must be completely understood to communicate and transfer information adequately within the field.
3.2 The terms defined in other terminology standards are respectively identified in parentheses following the definition.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms, abbreviations, and symbols relating to mechanical methods for hydrogen embrittlement testing. These definitions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in product specifications.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2078 − 22
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2078; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope must be completely understood to communicate and transfer
information adequately within the field.
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms,
abbreviations, and symbols relating to mechanical methods for 3.2 The terms defined in other terminology standards are
hydrogen embrittlement testing. These definitions are pub- respectively identified in parentheses following the definition.
lished to encourage uniformity of terminology in product
4. Terminology
specifications.
4.1 Definitions:
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
baking—heating to a temperature, not to exceed 50 °F
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
(27.8 °C) below the tempering or aging temperature of the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
metaloralloy,inordertoremovehydrogenbeforeembrittle-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ment occurs by the formation of microcracks.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
DISCUSSION—No metallurgical changes take place as a result of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
baking.
2. Referenced Documents
brittle—see brittleness.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
brittleness—the tendency of a material to break at a very low
C904 Terminology Relating to Chemical-Resistant Nonme-
strain, elongation, or deflection, and to exhibit a clean
tallic Materials
fracture surface with no indications of plastic deformation.
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
(E631)
Related Properties of Textiles
crack—line of fracture without complete separation. (F109)
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
crack strength—themaximumvalueofthenominalstressthat
terials
a cracked specimen is capable of sustaining. (E1823)
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
ductile—see ductility.
E1823 TerminologyRelatingtoFatigueandFractureTesting
F109 Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on
ductility—the ability of a material to deform plastically before
Ceramics
fracturing. (E6)
F1624 Test Method for Measurement of Hydrogen Em-
embrittle—see embrittlement.
brittlement Threshold in Steel by the Incremental Step
Loading Technique
embrittlement—the severe loss of ductility or toughness, or
G193 Terminology and Acronyms Relating to Corrosion
both, of a material, usually a metal or alloy. (G193)
3. Significance and Use
environmental hydrogen embrittlement (EHE)—hydrogen
embrittlement caused by hydrogen introduced into a steel/
3.1 The terms used in describing hydrogen embrittlement
metallic alloy from an environmental source coupled with
have precise definitions. The terminology and its proper usage
stress either residual or externally applied.
DISCUSSION—Produces a clean intergranular fracture and is not
1
This terminology standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07
reversible. For the subtle differences between EHE and IHE, see Table
on Aerospace and Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.04
X1.1.
on Hydrogen Embrittlement.
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally
environmentally assisted cracking (EAC)—see stress cor-
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F2078 – 15. DOI:
rosion cracking.
10.1520/F2078-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
fast fracture strength (FFS)—the load at which a sample
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
fractures when loaded at a rate consistent withTest Methods
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. E8/E8M
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2078 − 22
fracture strength—the normal stress at the beginning of stress—the resistance to deformation developed within a
fracture. material subjected to an external force. (D4848)
stress concentration factor (k )—the ratio of the greatest
gaseous hydrogen embrittlement (GHE)—a distinct form of
t
EHE caused by the presence of external sources of high stress in the region of a not
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2078 − 15 F2078 − 22
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2078; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms, abbreviations, and symbols relating to mechanical methods for hydrogen
embrittlement testing, which are present in more than one of the standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 on
Aerospace and Aircraft. testing. These definitions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in product specifications.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C904 Terminology Relating to Chemical-Resistant Nonmetallic Materials
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials [Metric] E0008_E0008M
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
F109 Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on Ceramics
F1624 Test Method for Measurement of Hydrogen Embrittlement Threshold in Steel by the Incremental Step Loading Technique
G15G193 Terminology and Acronyms Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Testing (Withdrawn 2010)
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The terms used in describing hydrogen embrittlement have precise definitions. The terminology and its proper usage must be
completely understood to communicate and transfer information adequately within the field.
3.2 The terms defined in other terminology standards,standards are respectively identified in parentheses following the definition.
4. Terminology
4.1 Definitions:
1
This terminology standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 on Aerospace and Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.04 on
Hydrogen Embrittlement.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015May 1, 2022. Published November 2015May 2022. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20082015 as
F2078F2078 – 15.–08A. DOI: 10.1520/F2078-15.10.1520/F2078-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2078 − 22
baking—heating to a temperature, not to exceed 50°F (27.8°C)50 °F (27.8 °C) below the tempering or aging temperature of the
metal or alloy, in order to remove hydrogen before embrittlement occurs by the formation of microcracks.
DISCUSSION—
No metallurgical changes take place as a result of baking.
brittle—see brittleness.
brittleness—the tendency of a material to break at a very low strain, elongation, or deflection, and to exhibit a clean fracture
surface with no indications of plastic deformation. (E631)
crack—line of fracture without complete separation. (F109)
crack strength—the maximum value of the nominal stress that a cracked specimen is capable of sustaining. (E1823)
ductile—see ductility.
ductility—the ability of a material to deform plastically before fracturing. (E6)
embrittle—see embrittlement.
embrittlement—the severe loss of ductility or toughness, or both, of a material, usually a metal or alloy. (G15G193)
environmental hydrogen embrittlement (EHE)—hydrogen embrittlement caused by hydrogen introduced into a steel/metallic
alloy from an environmental source coupled with stress either residual or externally applied.
DISCUSSION—
Produces a clean intergranular fracture and is not reversible. For the subtle differences between EHE and IHE, see Table X1.1.
environmentally assisted cracking (EAC)—see stress corrosion cracking.
fast fracture strength (FFS)—the load at which a sample fractures when loade
...
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