ASTM D2276-22

Standard Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a gravimetric measurement of the particulate matter present in a sample of aviation turbine fuel by line sampling. The objective is to minimize these contaminants to avoid filter plugging and other operational problems. Although tolerable levels of particulate contaminants have not yet been established for all points in fuel distribution systems, the total contaminant measurement is normally of most interest. The Appendix X1 color rating method is useful for fuel system monitoring purposes. No quantitative relationship exists between gravimetric and color rating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particulate contaminant in aviation turbine fuel using a field monitor.  
1.2 There are two test methods described. The basic test method is used to evaluate the level of contamination gravimetrically. The second test method, presented in Appendix X1, describes a color rating technique that is used for rapid qualitative assessment of changes in contamination level without the time delay required for the gravimetric determinations by stringent laboratory procedures.  
1.3 There are two Annexes and two Appendixes in this test method.  
1.3.1 Annex A1 provides some precautionary information regarding the use of the required reagents.  
1.3.2 Annex A2 describes a standard practice for obtaining a sample of the particulates present in a flowing stream of aviation turbine fuel.  
1.3.3 Appendix X1 describes a test method for rating the particulate level in an aviation turbine fuel on the basis of the color of a filter membrane after sampling the fuel in the field.  
1.3.4 Appendix X2 provides some safety precautions to avoid static discharge resulting from the accumulation of electrical charges in the fuel and on the equipment while following the procedures.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2022
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.J0.05 - Fuel Cleanliness

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2276 − 22
Designation: 216/05 (2005)
Standard Test Method for
1,2
Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2276; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particulate
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
contaminant in aviation turbine fuel using a field monitor.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.2 There are two test methods described. The basic test
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
method is used to evaluate the level of contamination gravi-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
metrically.Thesecondtestmethod,presentedinAppendixX1,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
describes a color rating technique that is used for rapid
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
qualitative assessment of changes in contamination level with-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
out the time delay required for the gravimetric determinations
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
by stringent laboratory procedures.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3 There are twoAnnexes and twoAppendixes in this test
2. Referenced Documents
method.
3
1.3.1 Annex A1 provides some precautionary information
2.1 ASTM Standards:
regarding the use of the required reagents.
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
1.3.2 Annex A2 describes a standard practice for obtaining
D1535Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
a sample of the particulates present in a flowing stream of
D1655Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
aviation turbine fuel.
D2244Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
1.3.3 Appendix X1 describes a test method for rating the
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
particulate level in an aviation turbine fuel on the basis of the
Coordinates
color of a filter membrane after sampling the fuel in the field.
D4175Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
1.3.4 Appendix X2 provides some safety precautions to
Fuels, and Lubricants
avoid static discharge resulting from the accumulation of
D4865Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-
electrical charges in the fuel and on the equipment while
tricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
following the procedures.
D5452Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-
tion Fuels by Laboratory Filtration
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D6615Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Fuel
only.
3. Terminology
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM International Committee
3.1 Definitions:
D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
responsibility ofASTM Subcommittee D02.J0.05 on Fuel Cleanliness. The techni-
to Terminology D4175.
cally equivalent standard as referenced is under the jurisdiction of the Energy
Institute Subcommittee SC-B-11.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted
3.2.1 membrane color, n—a visual rating of particulate on a
by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established procedures.
filter membrane against ASTM Color Standards.
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D2276–06 (2014).
DOI: 10.1520/D2276-22.
2 3
This test method has been developed through the cooperative effort between For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ASTMandtheEnergyInstitute,London.ASTMandIPstandardswereapprovedby contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
ASTMandEItechnicalcommitteesasbeingtechnicallyequivalentbutthatdoesnot Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
imply both standards are identical. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copy
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2276 − 06 (Reapproved 2014) D2276 − 22
Designation: 216/97216/05 (2005)
Standard Test Method for
1,2
Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2276; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particulate contaminant in aviation turbine fuel using a field monitor.
1.2 There are two test methods described. The basic test method is used to evaluate the level of contamination gravimetrically.
The second test method, presented in Appendix X1, describes a color rating technique that is used for rapid qualitative assessment
of changes in contamination level without the time delay required for the gravimetric determinations by stringent laboratory
procedures.
1.3 There are two Annexes and two Appendixes in this test method.
1.3.1 Annex A1 provides some precautionary information regarding the use of the required reagents.
1.3.2 Annex A2 describes a standard practice for obtaining a sample of the particulates present in a flowing stream of aviation
turbine fuel.
1.3.3 Appendix X1 describes a test method for rating the particulate level in an aviation turbine fuel on the basis of the color of
a filter membrane after sampling the fuel in the field.
1.3.4 Appendix X2 provides some safety precautions to avoid static discharge resulting from the accumulation of electrical
charges in the fuel and on the equipment while following the procedures.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM International Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility
of ASTM Subcommittee D02.J0.05 on Fuel Cleanliness. The technically equivalent standard as referenced is under the jurisdiction of the Energy Institute Subcommittee
SC-B-11.
This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established procedures.
Current edition approved June 1, 2014July 1, 2022. Published July 2014September 2022. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20062014 as
D2276D2276 – 06 (2014).–06. DOI: 10.1520/D2276-06R14.10.1520/D2276-22.
2
This test method has been developed through the cooperative effort between ASTM and the Energy Institute, London. ASTM and IP standards were approved by ASTM
and EI technical committees as being technically equivalent but that does not imply both standards are identical.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2276 − 22
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
D5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Aviation Fuels by Laboratory Filtration
D6615 Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine Fuel
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this t
...