ASTM B49-98e2
(Specification)Standard Specification for Copper Rod Drawing Stock for Electrical Purposes
Standard Specification for Copper Rod Drawing Stock for Electrical Purposes
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for rod drawing stock in diameters from 1/4 to 13/8 in. (6.4 to 35 mm) produced from electrolytic tough-pitch or oxygen-free coppers and are suitable for further fabrication into electrical conductors.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to Section 13. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e2
Designation: B 49 – 98
Standard Specification for
Copper Rod Drawing Stock for Electrical Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 49; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—In Table 1, the footnote to 99.90 % was editorially corrected to E from D.
e NOTE—In Appendix X1 in Note X1.5 under Test Procedures, the value 20 mm/s was editorially corrected to 20 cm/s in
October 2000.
1. Scope * B 846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for rod draw-
1 3 E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell
ing stock in diameters from ⁄4 to 1 ⁄8 in. (6.4 to 35 mm)
Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials
produced from electrolytic tough-pitch or oxygen-free coppers
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
and are suitable for further fabrication into electrical conduc-
Determine Conformance with Specifications
tors.
E 53 Test Methods for Determination of Copper in Unal-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard.
loyed Copper by Gravimetry
The values given in parentheses are for information only.
E 478 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to
Alloys
Section 13. This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.3 Other Document:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
NBS Handbook 100 Copper Wire Tables
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 For definitions of general terms relating to copper and
2. Referenced Documents copper alloys refer to Terminology B 846.
2.1 The following documents in the current issue of the
4. Ordering Information
Annual Book of ASTM Standards form a part of this specifi-
4.1 Orders for rod under this specification shall include the
cation to the extent referenced herein and define materials
following information:
suitable for use in rod manufacture:
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
2.2 ASTM Standards:
4.1.2 Quantity of each size,
B 5 Specification for High Conductivity Tough-Pitch Cop-
2 4.1.3 Type and requirements of copper (Sections 5-10),
per Refinery Shapes
2 4.1.4 Finish (Sections 9 and 10),
B 115 Specification for Electrolytic Cathode Copper
4.1.5 Package with or without joints (see 5.3),
B 170 Specification for Oxygen-Free Electrolytic Copper—
2 4.1.6 Rod diameter (see 9.2),
Refinery Shapes
4.1.7 Inspection (Section 15),
B 193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
4.1.8 Package size (see 19.1), and
Materials
2 4.1.9 Special package marking as agreed upon between the
B 224 Classification of Coppers
manufacturer and the purchaser (Section 19).
B 577 Test Methods for Detection of Cuprous Oxide (Hy-
2 4.2 The following requirements are optional and should be
drogen Embrittlement Susceptibility) in Copper
specified in the contract or purchase order when required.
4.2.1 Certification (Section 17) and
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-5 on Copper
and Copper Alloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.07 on
Refined Copper. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Current edition approved March 10, 1998. Published January 1999. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
published as B 49 – 23 T. Last previous edition B 49 – 92. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
2 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01. Available from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.03. Rd., Springfield, VA 22161.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
B49
4.2.2 Test Report (Section 18). 6.3 Silver-bearing tough-pitch copper corresponds to the
designation STP (silver-bearing tough-pitch) as shown in
5. Material and Manufacture
Classification B 224 and to coppers having UNS numbers
C11300, C11400, C11500, and C11600.
5.1 The rod shall be fabricated from copper of such quality
and purity that the finished product shall have the properties 6.4 Oxygen Content—Oxygen-free copper as described
herein is defined as a copper containing not in excess of
and characteristics prescribed in this specification.
0.0010 % (10 ppm) oxygen and produced without the use of
NOTE 1—The following specifications define materials suitable for use:
metallic or other deoxidizers.
Specification B 5, or Specification B 115, or Specification B 170.
5.2 Copper of special qualities, forms, or types, as agreed
7. Physical Property Requirements
upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser and that will
7.1 Electrical Resistivity—Resistivity of the copper in the
conform to the requirements prescribed in this specification
annealed condition (See Note X1.1) shall not exceed the
may also be used.
following values at 20°C:
5.3 The rod coils shall be furnished in continuous lengths
Type of Copper Resistivity, max, at 20°C
with or without joints, as ordered.
Annealed, V · g/m
UNS C10100 only 0.15176 (101.00 % IACS min)
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
All others 0.15328 (100.00 % IACS min)
UNS Number C11040 C10100 C10200 C11000
B C D
Copper Type ETP OFE OF ETP
E E F F
Copper, min 99.90 % 99.99 % 99.95 % 99.90 %
8. Mechanical Property Requirements
incl silver incl silver
ppm ppm ppm ppm
8.1 Tensile Tests—Rod finished by hot working or annealing
Tellurium, max 2 2 . . . . . .
Selenium, max 2 3 . . . . . .
shall have a minimum elongation of 30 % in 10 in. (250 mm).
Bismuth, max 1.0 1.0 . . . . . .
(Note X1.2 and Test Methods E 8.)
Group total, max 3 . . . . . . . . .
Antimony, max 4 4 . . . . . . 8.2 Torsion Tests—If torsion tests are requested, refer to
Arsenic, max 5 5 . . . . . .
Note X1.3.
Tin, max 5 2 . . . . . .
8.3 Embrittlement (Bend) Test:
Lead, max 5 5 . . . . . .
Iron, max 10 10 . . . . . .
8.3.1 A test to reflect propensity towards hydrogen em-
Nickel, max 10 10 . . . . . .
brittlement shall be performed only on oxygen-free copper.
Sulfur, max 15 15 . . . . . .
Silver, max 25 25 . . . . . .
8.3.2 The specimen shall be tested in accordance with 13.6
Oxygen 100–650 5 max 10 max . . .
G and Specification B 170.
Maximum allowable 65 . . .
total
8.3.3 The specimen, prepared and tested from the OFE
Cadmium, max . . . 1 . . . . . .
(oxygen-free electronic) copper (UNS-C10100) listed in Table
Phosphorus, max . . . 3 . . . . . .
1, shall withstand without breaking into two pieces, a minimum
Zinc, max . . . 1 . . . . . .
Manganese, max . . . 0.5 . . . . . .
of ten (10) reverse bends.
8.3.4 The specimen, prepared and tested from the OF
A
See 13.1.2.
B (oxygen-free) copper (UNS-C10200) listed in Table 1, shall
From B 115 Grade 1 copper or equivalent.
C
From B 170 Grade 1 copper or equivalent.
withstand, without breaking into two pieces, a minimum of
D
From B 170 Grade 2 copper or equivalent.
eight (8) reverse bends.
E
By difference. See 13.1.2 and 13.1.3.
F
See 13.1.1. 8.4 Annealability—Annealability is not a requirement of
G
Not including oxygen.
this specification. However, a discussion will be found in Notes
X1.4-X1.6.
6. Chemical Composition
9. Other Requirements
6.1 Each rod type shall conform to the chemical composi-
9.1 Surface Oxide—The surface oxide film thickness shall
tion requirements prescribed in Table 1 for the type of copper
be determined in accordance with 13.5.
ordered (Section 4).
9.1.1 Total thickness of the copper oxide film on cleaned
6.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and the pur-
copper rod or annealed shaved rod or cold-finished rod shall
chaser, the addition of silver up to an average of 30 troy oz per
−7
not exceed 1000 Å (10 m).
short ton of copper (0.10 %) will be considered within the
9.1.2 The residual oxide film thickness on as-shaved rod
specification, copper including silver in the chemical analysis,
does not need to be specified.
with no individual silver analysis to exceed 35 troy oz per short
9.1.3 A surface oxide requirement is not necessary for rod
ton (0.12 %). In the case of oxygen-free silver-bearing coppers,
ordered uncleaned.
the designation OFS (oxygen-free, silver-bearing) will be used
as shown in Classification B 224 and will include the UNS 9.2 Diameter—The diameter of the rod at any point shall
numbers C10400, C10500, and C10700 as defined by the not vary from that specified by more than the amounts
agreed silver content. prescribed in Table 2.
B49
TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Diameter
13. Test Methods
Permissible Variation, in.
13.1 Chemical Analysis:
Nominal Diameter, in. (mm)
(mm)
13.1.1 In case of dispute, determine copper content of the
⁄4 (6.4) +0.020 (+0.51)
coppers other than UNS-C10100 and UNS-C11040 in Table 1
−0.010 (−0.25)
1 3
Over ⁄4 (6.4) to ⁄4in. (19 mm) incl. 60.015 (60.38) in accordance with Test Method E 53.
Over ⁄4 (19) to 1.0 in. (25 mm) incl. 60.020 (60.51)
13.1.2 Analytical method for determining impurity levels of
Over 1.0 (25) to 1 ⁄8 in. (35 mm) incl. 60.030 (60.76)
coppers listed in Table 1 shall be in accordance with Specifi-
cation B 115.
A
13.1.3 Calculate copper content of UNS-C10100 and UNS-
TABLE 3 Equivalent Resistivity Values
C11040 types by subtracting from 100 % the total impurity
Conductivity at 68°F (20°C), % IACS 100.00 101.00
concentration determined. The impurity total for UNS-C10100
V · lb/mile 875.20 866.53
V · g/m 0.153 28 0.151 76
is defined as the sum of sulfur, silver, lead, tin, bismuth,
V · c mil/ft 10.371 10.268
arsenic, antimony, iron, nickel, zinc, phosphorus, selenium,
V ·mm /m 0.017 241 0 0.017 070
tellurium, manganese, cadmium, and oxygen present in the
μV · in. 0.678 79 0.672 07
μV · cm 1.7241 1.7070
sample. The impurity total for UNS-C11040 is defined as the
A
The equivalent resistivity values for 100 % IACS (soft copper) were each sum of sulfur, silver, lead, tin, bismuth, arsenic, antimony, iron,
computed from the fundamental IEC value (1/58 V ·mm /m) using conversion
nickel, selenium, tellurium, and oxygen present in the sample.
factors each accurate to at least seven significant figures.
13.1.4 The test methods annex of Specification B 170
should be referenced for the oxygen-free coppers. Test Method
10. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance E 478 should be referenced for the determination of silver-
bearing alloys permitted under this specification.
10.1 The rod shall be free of defects, but blemishes of a
13.1.5 Oxygen content is determined on cleaned copper
nature that do not interfere with the intended application are
samples using a suitable laboratory apparatus or a commercial
acceptable.
instrument designed specifically for this purpose. An ASTM
11. Sampling method has not been developed.
13.2 Elongation—Determine the elongation as the perma-
11.1 This procedure shall be used in case of dispute between
nent increase in length, caused by breaking of the rod in
the manufacturer and the purchaser.
tension, measured between gage marks placed originally 10 in.
11.2 One sample shall be taken from each 200 000-lb
(250 mm) apart upon the test specimen (Note X1.2). The
(90 000-kg) lot for resistivity, elongation, surface oxide, em-
fracture shall be between gage marks and not closer than 1 in.
brittlement (bend) test, and chemical analysis.
(25 mm) to either gage mark.
11.3 When a cast refinery shape has been chemically
13.3 Electrical Resistivity:
analyzed and converted into rod without remelting, further
13.3.1 At the option of the manufacturer, electrical resistiv-
chemical analysis shall not be required.
ity may be determined in accordance with 13.3.2 or 13.3.3.
12. Number of Tests and Retests However, in case of dispute, 13.3.2 shall apply.
13.3.2 Make resistance measurements (Note X1.3) on speci-
12.1 Tests:
mens of the rod after cleaning and processing down to a
12.1.1 Chemical Analysis—Chemical composition shall be
diameter of approximately 0.080 in. (2.0 mm) and annealing at
determined as per the element mean of the results from at least
approximately 932°F (500°C) for 30 min. Other equivalent
two replicate analyses of the sample(s).
annealing methods may be used. Test specimens processed to
12.1.2 Other Tests:
a diameter other than 0.080 in. may be used if agreed upon
12.1.2.1 Electrical Resistivity, Elongation, and Surface
between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
Oxide—Results shall be reported as the average obtained from
at least two test specimens, each taken from a separate test
piece where possible.
12.1.2.2 Hydrogen Embrittlement Test and Microscopical
Examination—All specimens tested must meet the require-
ments of the specification.
12.2 Retests:
12.2.1 When requested by the manufacturer or supplier, a
retest shall be permitted when results of tests obtained by the
purchaser fail to conform to the requirements of the product
specification.
12.2.2 The retest shall be as directed in the product speci-
fication for the initial test except the number of test specimens
shall be twice that normally required for the specified test.
12.2.3 All test specimens shall conform to the product
specification requirement(s) in retest. Failure to conform shall
FIG. 1 Schematic Illustration Showing Electrolytic Reduction Test
be cause for rejection. Method
B49
testing, clean each rod sample of oil or grease using acetone or
an equivalent solvent.
13.5.2 Each of the oxides found on copper, namely cuprous
and cupric, are reduced sequentially to copper at different
reduction potentials, and the voltages are to be recorded against
time during the entire test. When the individual reactions
between the oxides and hydrogen ions are complete, gaseous
hydrogen is evolved and may be seen visually at the surface of
the copper rod sample.
13.5.3 A typical curve of voltage versus time is presented in
Fig. 2. Cuprous oxide is reduced initially. When this reaction is
complete, reduction of the cupric oxide occurs at a higher
voltage.
13.5.4 Calculate thickness of each oxide present as follows:
ItM
T 5 (1)
Sd Fn
where:
T = oxide thickness, cm;
I = current, A;
t = time of reaction, s;
M = molecular weight of the oxide, g;
S = surface area of immersed sample, cm ;
3 3
d = oxide density (6.0
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.