ASTM D5737/D5737M-19
(Guide)Standard Guide for Methods for Measuring Well Discharge
Standard Guide for Methods for Measuring Well Discharge
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is limited to the description of test methods typical for measurement of ground water discharge from a control well.
4.1.1 Controlled field tests are the primary means of determining aquifer properties. Most mathematical equations developed for analyzing field tests require measurement of control well discharge.
4.1.2 Discharge may be needed for evaluation of well design and efficiency.
4.1.3 For aquifer tests, a conceptual model should be prepared to evaluate the proper test method and physical test requirements, such as well placement and design (see Guide D4043). Review the site data for consistency with the conceptual model. Revise the conceptual model as appropriate and consider the implications on the planned activities.
4.1.4 For aquifer tests, the discharge rate should be sufficient to cause significant stress of the aquifer without violating test assumptions. Conditions that may violate test assumptions include conversion of the aquifer from confined to unconfined conditions, lowering the water level in the control well to below the top of the well screen, causing a well screen entrance velocity that promotes well development during the test, or decreasing the filter pack permeability characteristics.
4.1.5 Some test methods described here are not applicable to injection well tests.
4.2 This guide does not apply to test methods used in measurement of flow of other fluids used in industrial operations, such as waste water, sludge, oil, and chemicals.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors;...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers an overview of methods to measure well discharge. This guide is an integral part of a series of standards prepared on the in-situ determination of hydraulic properties of aquifer systems by single- or multiple-well tests. Measurement of well discharge is a common requirement to the determination of aquifer and well hydraulic properties.
1.2 This guide does not establish a fixed procedure for any method described. Rather, it describes different methods for measuring discharge from a pumping or flowing well. A pumping well is one type of control well. A control well can also be an injection well or a well in which slug tests are conducted.
1.3 This guide does not address borehole flow meters that are designed for measuring vertical or horizontal flow within a borehole.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus ...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5737/D5737M − 19
Standard Guide for
1
Methods for Measuring Well Discharge
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5737/D5737M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
1.1 This guide covers an overview of methods to measure
Practice D6026.
well discharge. This guide is an integral part of a series of
1.6.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
standards prepared on the in-situ determination of hydraulic
recorded or calculated in the standard are regarded as the
properties of aquifer systems by single- or multiple-well tests.
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
Measurement of well discharge is a common requirement to
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
the determination of aquifer and well hydraulic properties.
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
1.2 This guide does not establish a fixed procedure for any
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
method described. Rather, it describes different methods for
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
measuring discharge from a pumping or flowing well. A
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
pumping well is one type of control well. A control well can
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
also be an injection well or a well in which slug tests are
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
conducted.
methods for engineering data.
1.3 This guide does not address borehole flow meters that
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
are designed for measuring vertical or horizontal flow within a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
borehole.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded sepa-
Furthermore, it is the user’s responsibility to properly dispose
rately as standard.The values stated in each system may not be
of water discharged.
exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used inde-
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
pendentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystems
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as noncon-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
formance with this standard.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
2. Referenced Documents
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
Fluids
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
D1941 Test Method for Open Channel Flow Measurement
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
of Water with the Parshall Flume
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
document means only that the document has been approved
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
through the ASTM consensus process.
D4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in
Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originall
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5737/D5737M − 14 D5737/D5737M − 19
Standard Guide for
1
Methods for Measuring Well Discharge
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5737/D5737M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide covers an overview of methods to measure well discharge. This guide is an integral part of a series of standards
prepared on the in-situ determination of hydraulic properties of aquifer systems by single- or multiple-well tests. Measurement of
well discharge is a common requirement to the determination of aquifer and well hydraulic properties.
1.2 This guide does not establish a fixed procedure for any method described. Rather, it describes different methods for
measuring discharge from a pumping or flowing well. A pumping well is one type of control well. A control well can also be an
injection well or a well in which slug tests are conducted.
1.3 This guide does not address borehole flow meters that are designed for measuring vertical or horizontal flow within a
borehole.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as
standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of
the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of results in units
other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Furthermore, it is the user’s responsibility to properly dispose of water discharged.
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. Furthermore, it is the user’s responsibility to properly dispose of water discharged.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved June 1, 2014Nov. 1, 2019. Published July 2014December 2019
...
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