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ASTM E1158-98

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Material Selection and Fabrication of Reference Blocks for the Pulsed Longitudinal Wave Ultrasonic Examination of Metal and Metal Alloy Production Material

Standard Guide for Material Selection and Fabrication of Reference Blocks for the Pulsed Longitudinal Wave Ultrasonic Examination of Metal and Metal Alloy Production Material

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers general procedures for the material selection and fabrication of reference blocks made of metal or metal alloys and intended to be used for the pulsed longitudinal wave ultrasonic examination of the same or similar production materials.
1.2 This guide covers the fabrication of reference blocks for use with either the immersion or the direct-contact method of ultrasonic examination.
1.3 Reference blocks fabricated in accordance with this guide can be used to determine proper ultrasonic examination system operation. Area-amplitude and distance-amplitude curves can also be determined with these reference blocks.
1.4 This guide does not specify calibration reflector sizes or product rejection limits. It does describe typical industry fabrication practices and commonly applied tolerances where they lend clarity to the guide. In all cases of conflict between this guide and customer specifications, the customer specification shall prevail.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-1998
ICS
19.020 - Test conditions and procedures in general
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.06 - Ultrasonic Method
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E1158-04 - Standard Guide for Material Selection and Fabrication of Reference Blocks for the Pulsed Longitudinal Wave Ultrasonic Examination of Metal and Metal Alloy Production Material
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM E127-20 - Standard Practice for Fabrication and Control of Flat Bottomed Hole Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998
Referred By
ASTM E3166-20e1 - Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Metal Additively Manufactured Aerospace Parts After Build
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998

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ASTM E1158-98 - Standard Guide for Material Selection and Fabrication of Reference Blocks for the Pulsed Longitudinal Wave Ultrasonic Examination of Metal and Metal Alloy Production MaterialASTM E1158-98 - Standard Guide for Material Selection and Fabrication of Reference Blocks for the Pulsed Longitudinal Wave Ultrasonic Examination of Metal and Metal Alloy Production Material
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ASTM E1158-98 - Standard Guide for Material Selection and Fabrication of Reference Blocks for the Pulsed Longitudinal Wave Ultrasonic Examination of Metal and Metal Alloy Production Material
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 1158 – 98
Standard Guide for
Material Selection and Fabrication of Reference Blocks for
the Pulsed Longitudinal Wave Ultrasonic Examination of
Metal and Metal Alloy Production Material
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1158; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Steel Refer-
ence Blocks Used in Ultrasonic Inspection
1.1 This guide covers general procedures for the material
E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
selection and fabrication of reference blocks made of metal or
metal alloys and intended to be used for the pulsed longitudinal
3. Terminology
wave ultrasonic examination of the same or similar production
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide,
materials.
see Terminology E 1316.
1.2 This guide covers the fabrication of reference blocks for
use with either the immersion or the direct-contact method of
4. Summary of Guide
ultrasonic examination.
4.1 This guide describes a method of selecting suitable
1.3 Reference blocks fabricated in accordance with this
reference block material from current or previous production
guide can be used to determine proper ultrasonic examination
and the subsequent fabrication and checking of the resulting
system operation. Area-amplitude and distance-amplitude
ultrasonic reference blocks.
curves can also be determined with these reference blocks.
1.4 This guide does not specify calibration reflector sizes or
5. Significance and Use
product rejection limits. It does describe typical industry
5.1 This guide is intended to illustrate the fabrication of
fabrication practices and commonly applied tolerances where
ultrasonic reference blocks that are representative of the
they lend clarity to the guide. In all cases of conflict between
production material to be examined. Care in material selection
this guide and customer specifications, the customer specifica-
and fabrication can result in the manufacture of reference
tion shall prevail.
blocks that are ultrasonically similar to the production material
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety
thus eliminating the reference block as an examination vari-
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
able.
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and to determine the applicability of regula-
6. Material Selection
tory limitations prior to use.
6.1 It is good practice to use a sample removed from the
production lot of material as the reference block material.
2. Referenced Documents
When this is not possible the following guidelines should be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
followed.
E 127 Practice for Fabricating and Checking Aluminum
, 6.2 The reference block material should be of the same
2 3
Alloy Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks
general shape and dimensions, surface finish, chemical com-
position, and microstructure as the production material to be
examined.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-7 on Nondestructive
Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on Ultrasonic
6.3 To ensure that the material chosen is suitable for use as
Method.
reference block material and is free of potentially interfering
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1998. Published February 1999. Originally
e1 reflectors, ultrasonically examine the reference block material
published as E 1158–90. Last previous edition E 1158–90(1994) .
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03. at the anticipated examining frequency and at a sensitivity that
The reference blocks in Practice E 127 are used to check the performance of
produces an acoustic noise level of 20 % screen height. The
ultrasonic testing equipment and for standardization and control of ultrasonic tests
entire block should be scanned from the surface which will be
of aluminum alloy products. The ultrasonic response of the blocks in Practice E 127
used for calibration. Any discrete indication that exceeds 40 %
is evaluated against a standard target. The blocks described in this standard are used
for the examination of production material and may be used to establish accept-
reject criteria.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1158–98
screen height should be cause to remove the material from
consideration as an ultrasonic reference block.
6.4 Reference block material that meets the guidelines of
6.3 should then be examined at a sensitivity that produces
multiple reflections from the back surface (between 3 and 5
reflections in most metals and metal alloys). The production
material should be examined at the same sensitivity level to
NOTE 1—Holes are of different diameters.
determine that the same number of back reflections are
FIG. 2 Typical Area-Amplitude Reference Block for use in
obtained. This procedure may have to be repeated several times
Ultrasonic Examination of Round Bars as in Fig. 1
and an average number of back reflections determined in the
case of some materials (see Note 1).
NOTE 1—In some highly attenuative materials more than one or two
back reflections may not be attainable. In these cases, selection of the
reference block material may be based on similar acoustic noise levels
from both the production material and that chosen for a reference block.
7. Reference Block Configuration
7.1 There are many different types of reference blocks used
NOTE 1—All holes are the same diameter.
in industry depending upon the size and shape of the material
FIG. 3 Typical Distance-Amplitude Reference Block for the
to be examined. Some of the more common types are described
Ultrasonic Examination of Large Square or Rectangular Bars
in 7.2 through 7.7, and shown in Figs. 1-7. Greater than 1 in.
7.2 Fig. 1 shows the typical reference standards used for
ultrasonic examination when the product to be examined
consists of large round bar stock, between 1 and 10 in. in
diameter. With such products it is often necessary to correct for
the loss of signal with increasing examination distance
(distance-amplitude-correction, or DAC). Therefore, a stepped
NOTE 1—Holes are of different diameters.
block, as shown in Fig. 1 is commonly used. This type of block
FIG. 4 Typical Area-Amplitude Reference Block for the Ultrasonic
is typically referred to as a distance-amplitude-block. It con-
Examination of Square or Rectangular Bars
tains a number of holes of the same size at various distances
from the scan surface. A typical flat-bottom hole size found in
5 area-amplitude block for this product is the same as for the
many such blocks is ⁄64 in. or larger depending upon the
larger diameter material as shown in Fig. 2, but on a smaller
ultrasonic attenuation, or the internal structure of the product,
2 5
scale. The hole sizes typically range from between ⁄64 and ⁄64
or both. For even larger diameter bars the distance amplitude
in. for many metal and metal alloy products.
correction reference standard may contain even larger flat
1 7.5 When the product to be examined consists of large
bottom holes, possibly ⁄4 in. or greater.
square or rectangular bar stock, the distance-amplitude refer-
7.3 To determine the linearity of the examination and to
ence block is often of the type shown in Fig. 3. The typical
establish the quality level of the large-diameter product, (7.2),
area-amplitude reference block is shown in Fig. 4. The refer-
an area-amplitude reference block as shown in Fig. 2 is
ence block hole sizes are typically the same as those used for
common. An area-amplitude-block contains holes of different
similar thickness round bars.
crossectional areas placed at the same distance from the scan
2 8 7.6 The smaller sizes of square or rectangular bar stock, 1
surface. Typical hole sizes range from between ⁄64 and ⁄64 in.
in. and under in the direction of examination, often do not
with even larger flat-bottom holes used in reference blocks
require the use of a distance-amplitude reference block. The
intended for use for the largest bars.
area-amplitude block may be similar to that sh
...

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1.4.1 This practice ...

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5.3 This standard as written is applicable only to granular and pelletized activated carbons with mean particle diameters less than 2.5 mm. Application of this standard to activated carbons with mean particle diameters (MPD) greater than 2.5 mm will require a larger diameter adsorption column. The ratio of column inside diameter to MPD should be greater than 10 in order to avoid wall effects. In these cases it is suggested that bed superficial velocity and contact time be held invariant at the conditions specified in this standard (4.77 cm/s and 4.8 s). Although not covered by this standard, data obtained from these tests may be reported as in paragraph 12 along with additional ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the performance of virgin, newly impregnated or in-service, granular or pelletized activated carbon for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from an air stream, under the laboratory test conditions described herein. A humidified air stream containing 1 % (by volume) hydrogen sulfide is passed through a carbon bed until 50 ppm breakthrough of H2S is observed. The H2S adsorption capacity of the carbon per unit volume at 99.5 % removal efficiency (g H2S/cm3 carbon) is then calculated. This test is not necessarily applicable to non-carbon adsorptive materials.  
1.2 This standard as written is applicable only to granular and pelletized activated carbons with mean particle diameters (MPD) less than 2.5 mm. See paragraph 5.3 if activated carbons with larger MPDs are to be tested.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5818-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Exposure and Retrieval of Samples to Evaluate Installation Damage of Geosynthetics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The ability to maintain design function (for example, reinforcement, separation, barrier, etc.) or design properties (for example, tensile strength, chemical resistance, etc.), or both, of a geosynthetic may be affected by damage to the physical structure of the geosynthetic due to the rigors of field installation. The effect of damage may be assessed by analyzing specimens cut from sample(s) retrieved after installation in a representative test section. Analysis may be performed with visual examination or laboratory testing of specimens from the control sample(s), and from the exhumed sample(s).  
5.2 A uniform practice for installing and retrieving representative sample(s) from a test section is needed to assess installation damage using project-specific or generally accepted, representative materials and procedures. Damage of a specific grade and type of geosynthetic under specific installation procedures may be assessed with sample(s) exhumed from a full-scale test section.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers standardized procedures for obtaining samples of geosynthetics from a test section for use in assessment of the effects of damage immediately after installation caused only by the installation techniques. The assessment may include physical testing. This practice is applicable to any geosynthetic except those installed between layers of aggregate or soil modified by a binder.
Note 1: The binder would inhibit the retrieval of the geosynthetic without inflicting further damage to the geosynthetic. Other practices may be suitable for retrieving geosynthetics used in these applications but are out of the scope of this practice.  
1.2 This practice is limited to full-scale test sections and does not address laboratory modeling of field conditions. This practice does not address which test method(s) to use for quantifying installation damage.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off