ASTM D1585-15(2020)

Standard Test Methods for Fatty Acids Content of Pine Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are designed to broaden the scope of the previous edition of these test methods by the inclusion of tall oil as a test material. Test Methods D803 currently includes methods for the determination of the rosin acid and fatty acid content of crude tall oil. Test Methods D803 references Test Method D1585.  
4.2 Rosin and tall oil are composed primarily of rosin acids and fatty acids, and the measurement of these components is important in establishing the composition of these materials.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the fatty acids of pine chemicals, including rosin, tall oil, and related products.  
1.2 These test methods may not be applicable to adducts or derivatives of rosin or other pine chemical products.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2020
• ICS: 87.060.20 - Binders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.34 - Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1585-15 - Standard Test Methods for Fatty Acids Content of Pine Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2020
• Refers: ASTM D1240-24 - Standard Test Methods for Rosin Acids Content of Pine Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Products
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM D465-15(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Acid Number of Pine Chemical Products Including Tall Oil and Other Related Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2020
• Refers: ASTM D803-15(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Testing Tall Oil
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2020
• Refers: ASTM D1240-14(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Rosin Acids Content of Pine Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Refers: ASTM D465-15 - Standard Test Methods for Acid Number of Pine Chemical Products Including Tall Oil and Other Related Products
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Refers: ASTM D1240-14 - Standard Test Methods for Rosin Acids Content of Pine Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2014
• Refers: ASTM E177-14 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-May-2014
• Refers: ASTM E691-13 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM E177-13 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM D1240-12 - Standard Test Methods for Rosin Acids Content of Pine Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Products
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Refers: ASTM D803-12 - Standard Test Methods for Testing Tall Oil
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Refers: ASTM D890-12 - Standard Test Method for Water in Liquid Pine Chemicals
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Refers: ASTM E691-11 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2011
• Refers: ASTM E177-10 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010

Overview

ASTM D1585-15(2020): Standard Test Methods for Fatty Acids Content of Pine Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Products is a key international standard published by ASTM International. It provides comprehensive procedures for determining the fatty acids content in pine chemical products such as rosin, tall oil, and other related substances. The standard’s methods are essential for accurately establishing the composition of these industrial materials, supporting product quality control and regulatory compliance across various applications.

Key Topics

• Scope of Application

  • Covers determination of fatty acids in pine chemicals including rosin, tall oil, and similar products
  • Not intended for use with adducts or derivatives of rosin or modified pine chemicals

• Significance

  • Essential for determining the relative proportion of rosin acids and fatty acids in rosin and tall oil
  • Supports product classification, process optimization, and quality assurance for manufacturers and users

• Methods Included

  • Utilizes either potentiometric or indicator titration methods
  • Incorporates recognized procedures for determining rosin acids (as abietic acid) and unsaponifiable matter
  • Calculations differ based on fatty acid content: less than 5% versus 5% or higher

• Precision and Reliability

  • Repeatability and reproducibility parameters are provided to ensure consistent inter-laboratory results
  • Standardized procedures foster uniformity across the pine chemicals industry

Applications

ASTM D1585-15(2020) is widely used in several practical contexts:

• Quality Control in Manufacture

  • Producers of chemical products derived from pine resources depend on accurate fatty acids analysis to maintain product specifications and regulatory compliance.

• Product Formulation

  • Chemical composition data for rosin and tall oil is crucial in industries such as adhesives, inks, coatings, and lubricants, enabling formulation consistency.

• Research and Development

  • Laboratories and R&D facilities use this standard to evaluate new pine-derived materials or processes.

• Trade and Regulatory Contexts

  • Establishes recognized benchmarks for international trade in pine-based chemicals, facilitating clear specification in contracts and regulatory submissions.

• Environmental and Safety Assessments

  • Accurate fatty acid profiling supports environmental impact studies and informs safe handling and processing procedures.

Related Standards

Several other ASTM test methods and practices are referenced in or related to ASTM D1585-15(2020), including:

• ASTM D465 - Test Methods for Acid Number of Pine Chemical Products
• ASTM D803 - Test Methods for Testing Tall Oil (references D1585 for fatty acids determination)
• ASTM D1240 - Test Methods for Rosin Acids Content of Pine Chemicals
• ASTM D1065 - Test Method for Unsaponifiable Matter in Pine Chemicals
• ASTM D890 - Test Method for Water in Liquid Pine Chemicals
• ASTM E691 - Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study for Precision
• ASTM E177 - Practice for Use of Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods

Users should consult these related documents to ensure comprehensive evaluation of pine chemical products according to international best practices.

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Keywords: ASTM D1585, fatty acids content, pine chemicals, rosin analysis, tall oil, quality control, standard test methods, pine-derived products, chemical composition, industrial standards.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1585 − 15 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Methods for
Fatty Acids Content of Pine Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall
Oil, and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1585; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ASTM Test Methods
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the fatty
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
acids of pine chemicals, including rosin, tall oil, and related
products.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.2 These test methods may not be applicable to adducts or
3.1 The rosin acids content is determined using either the
derivatives of rosin or other pine chemical products.
modified potentiometric Wolfe Method or the modified indica-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the tor Wolfe Method described in Test Methods D1240. Rosin
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the acids are calculated as abietic acid.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 The acid number is determined by either the potentio-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
metric or the indicator method in accordance with Test Meth-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ods D465.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.3 The unsaponifiable matter is determined in accordance
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
with the methods described in Test Method D1065.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 3.4 The fatty acids are calculated by two methods.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 3.4.1 For materials with a fatty acid content less than 5%,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. fattyacidcontentiscalculatedfromtherosinacidscontentand
the acid number.
2. Referenced Documents
3.4.2 For materials with a fatty acid content greater than
5%, fatty acid content is calculated from the rosin acids and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
unsaponifiables content.
D465Test Methods for Acid Number of Pine Chemical
Products Including Tall Oil and Other Related Products
3.5 The same method for end point detection, either poten-
D803Test Methods for Testing Tall Oil
tiometric or indicator, should be used for acid number,
D890Test Method for Water in Liquid Pine Chemicals
unsaponifiables,androsinacidscontentdetermination,inorder
D1065Test Method for Unsaponifiable Matter in Pine
to avoid slight variables that might occur.
Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Prod-
3.6 Since the fatty acids remaining in tall oil rosin, tall oil,
ucts
and other pine chemical products consist of oleic acid with
D1240Test Methods for Rosin Acids Content of Pine
varyingamountsofothersaturatedandunsaturatedacids,ithas
Chemicals, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Prod-
becomecustomarytocalculateandreportthefattyacidcontent
ucts
as oleic acid.
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Thesetestmethodsaredesignedtobroadenthescopeof
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
the previous edition of these test methods by the inclusion of
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
talloilasatestmaterial.TestMethodsD803currentlyincludes
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.34 on Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon
Resins.
methods for the determination of the rosin acid and fatty acid
Current edition approved June 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally
content of crude tall oil. Test Methods D803 references Test
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D1585–15. DOI:
Method D1585.
10.1520/D1585-15R20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.2 Rosin and tall oil are composed primarily of rosin acids
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
and fatty acids, and the measurement of these components is
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. important in establishing the composition of these materials.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1585 − 15 (2020)
5. Purity of Reagents FATTY ACIDS
5.1 Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests.
11. Calculation
Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents shall
conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical
11.1 For materials containing less than 5% fatty acid,
Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where such
calculate the percentage of fatty acids from the acid number
specifications are available. Other grades may be used, pro-
and the percentage of rosin acids as follows:
vided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
Fattyacidsasoleicacid, % 5 A 2 R 31.85
...