ASTM C1293-08b

Standard Test Method for Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Alkali-silica reaction is a chemical interaction between some siliceous constituents of concrete aggregates and hydroxyl ions (1). The concentration of hydroxyl ion within the concrete is predominantly controlled by the concentration of sodium and potassium (2).
This test method is intended to evaluate the potential of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag to expand deleteriously due to any form of alkali-silica reactivity (3,4).
When testing an aggregate with pozzolan or slag, the results are used to establish minimum amounts of the specific pozzolan or slag needed to prevent deleterious expansion. Pozzolan or slag from a specific source can be tested individually or in combination with pozzolan or slag from other sources.
When selecting a sample or deciding on the number of samples for test, it is important to recognize the variability in lithology of material from a given source, whether a deposit of sand, gravel, or a rock formation of any origin. For specific advice, see Guide C 295.
This test method is intended for evaluating the behavior of aggregates in portland cement concrete with an alkali (alkali metal oxide) content of 5.25 kg/m3 or in concrete containing pozzolan or slag with an alkali content proportionally reduced from 5.25 kg/m3 Na2O equivalent by the amount of pozzolan or slag replacing portland cement. This test method assesses the potential for deleterious expansion of concrete caused by alkali-silica reaction, of either coarse or fine aggregates, from tests performed under prescribed laboratory curing conditions that will probably differ from field conditions. Thus, actual field performance will not be duplicated due to differences in concrete alkali content, wetting and drying, temperature, other factors, or combinations of these (5).
Results of tests conducted on an aggregate as described herein should form a part of the basis for a decision as to whether precautions should be taken against excessive expan...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the susceptibility of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag for participation in expansive alkali-silica reaction by measurement of length change of concrete prisms.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. When combined standards are cited, the selection of measurement system is at the user's discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2008
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1293-08a - Standard Test Method for Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM C1293-08b(2015) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C1866/C1866M-22 - Standard Specification for Ground-Glass Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1778-22 - Standard Guide for Reducing the Risk of Deleterious Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D7705/D7705M-12(2019) - Standard Test Method for Alkali Resistance of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Matrix Composite Bars used in Concrete Construction
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1709-22 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Alternative Supplementary Cementitious Materials (ASCM) for Use in Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1293 − 08b
StandardTest Method for
Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-
1
Silica Reaction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C157/C157MTest Method for Length Change of Hardened
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the sus-
C192/C192MPracticeforMakingandCuringConcreteTest
ceptibilityofanaggregateorcombinationofanaggregatewith
Specimens in the Laboratory
pozzolan or slag for participation in expansive alkali-silica
C227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of
reaction by measurement of length change of concrete prisms.
Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
C289Test Method for Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Aggregates (Chemical Method)
standard. When combined standards are cited, the selection of
C294Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-
measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the
crete Aggregates
requirements of the referenced standard.
C295GuideforPetrographicExaminationofAggregatesfor
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the Concrete
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C490PracticeforUseofApparatusfortheDeterminationof
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Concrete
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh C494/C494MSpecification for Chemical Admixtures for
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
Concrete
2
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. ) C511Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
2. Referenced Documents
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
3
C618Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C29/C29MTest Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)
C702PracticeforReducingSamplesofAggregatetoTesting
and Voids in Aggregate
Size
C33Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C856Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened
C125Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
Concrete
gregates
C989SpecificationforSlagCementforUseinConcreteand
C138/C138MTestMethodforDensity(UnitWeight),Yield,
Mortars
and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
C1240Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious
C143/C143MTest Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
Mixtures
Concrete
C1260Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Ag-
C150Specification for Portland Cement
gregates (Mortar-Bar Method)
D75Practice for Sampling Aggregates
4
1
2.2 CSA Standards:
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 on Concrete and
Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.26 on
CSA A23.2-14APotential Expansivity of Aggregates (Pro-
Chemical Reactions.
cedure for Length Change due toAlkali-Aggregate Reac-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally
tion in Concrete Prisms at 38 °C)
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C1293–08a. DOI:
10.1520/C1293-08B. CSA A23.2-27AStandard Practice to Identify Degree of
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,
Alkali-Reactivity ofAggregates and to Identify Measures
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,
the ASTM website. Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http://www.csa.ca.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C1293 − 08b
to Avoid Deleterious Expansion in Concrete struction. Criteria to determine the potential deleteriousness of
CSAA23.2-28AStandardPracticeforLaboratoryTestingto expansions measured in this test are given in Appendix X1.
Demonstrate the Effectiveness of Supplementary Cement-
4.7 Whentheexpansionsinthistestmethodaregreaterthan
ing Materials and Lithium-Based Admixtur
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1293–08a Designation:C1293–08b
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-
1
Silica Reaction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthesusceptibilityofanaggregateorcombinationofanaggregatewithpozzolan
or slag for participation in expansive alkali-silica reaction by measurement of length change of concrete prisms.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and
2
tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.When
combined standards are cited, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the
referenced standard.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 29/C 29M Test Method for Bulk Density (Unit Weight) and Voids in Aggregate
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
C 157/C 157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
C 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C 227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
C 289 Test Method for Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Aggregates (Chemical Method)
C 294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete Aggregates
C 295 Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregates for Concrete
C 490 Practice for Use ofApparatus for the Determination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and Concrete
C 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of
Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
C 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
C 856 Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete
C 989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C 1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures
C 1260 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method)
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 on Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.26 on Chemical
Reactions.
Current edition approved Feb.Dec. 1, 2008. Published February 2008.January 2009. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C 1293 – 08a.
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1293–08b
4
2.2 CSA Standards:
CSA A23.2-14A Potential Expansivity of Aggregates (Procedure for Length Change due to Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in
Concrete Prisms at 38 °C)
CSA A23.2-27A Standard Practice to Identify Degree of Alkali-Reactivity of Aggregates and to Identify Measures to Avoid
Dele
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1293–08a Designation:C1293–08b
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-
1
Silica Reaction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthesusceptibilityofanaggregateorcombinationofanaggregatewithpozzolan
or slag for participation in expansive alkali-silica reaction by measurement of length change of concrete prisms.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and
2
tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.When
combined standards are cited, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the
referenced standard.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 29/C 29M Test Method for Bulk Density (Unit Weight) and Voids in Aggregate
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
C 157/C 157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
C 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C 227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
C 289 Test Method for Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Aggregates (Chemical Method)
C 294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete Aggregates
C 295 Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregates for Concrete
C 490 Practice for Use ofApparatus for the Determination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and Concrete
C 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of
Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
C 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
C 856 Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete
C 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C 1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures
C 1260 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method)
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 on Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.26 on Chemical
Reactions.
Current edition approved Feb.Dec. 1, 2008. Published February 2008.January 2009. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C 1293 – 08a.
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1293–08b
4
2.2 CSA Standards:
CSA A23.2-14A Potential Expansivity of Aggregates (Procedure for Length Change due to Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in
Concrete Prisms at 38 °C)
CSA A23.2-27A Standard Practice to Identify Degree of Alkali-Reactivity of Aggregates and to Identi
...