ASTM C173/C173M-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method
Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method covers the determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete. It measures the air contained in the mortar fraction of the concrete, but is not affected by air that may be present inside porous aggregate particles.
Therefore, this is the appropriate test to determine the air content of concretes containing lightweight aggregates, air-cooled slag, and highly porous or vesicular natural aggregates.
This test method requires the addition of sufficient isopropyl alcohol, when the meter is initially being filled with water, so that after the first or subsequent rollings little or no foam collects in the neck of the top section of the meter. If more foam is present than that equivalent to 2 % air above the water level, the test is declared invalid and must be repeated using a larger quantity of alcohol. Addition of alcohol to dispel foam any time after the initial filling of the meter to the zero mark is not permitted.
The air content of hardened concrete may be either higher or lower than that determined by this test method. This depends upon the methods and amounts of consolidation effort applied to the concrete from which the hardened concrete specimen is taken; uniformity and stability of the air bubbles in the fresh and hardened concrete; accuracy of the microscopic examination, if used; time of comparison; environmental exposure; stage in the delivery, placement and consolidation processes at which the air content of the unhardened concrete is determined, that is, before or after the concrete goes through a pump; and other factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete containing any type of aggregate, whether it be dense, cellular, or lightweight.
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units shall be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two units may result in nonconformance.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
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Designation:C173/C173M–08
Standard Test Method for
Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric
1
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 173/C 173M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* in the mortar fraction of the concrete, but is not affected by air
that may be present inside porous aggregate particles.
1.1 This test method covers determination of the air content
3.1.1 Therefore, this is the appropriate test to determine the
of freshly mixed concrete containing any type of aggregate,
air content of concretes containing lightweight aggregates,
whether it be dense, cellular, or lightweight.
air-cooled slag, and highly porous or vesicular natural aggre-
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units shall
gates.
be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are shown in
3.2 This test method requires the addition of sufficient
brackets. The values stated are not exact equivalents; therefore
isopropyl alcohol, when the meter is initially being filled with
each system must be used independently of the other. Com-
water, so that after the first or subsequent rollings little or no
bining values from the two units may result in nonconfor-
foam collects in the neck of the top section of the meter. If
mance.
more foam is present than that equivalent to 2 % air above the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
water level, the test is declared invalid and must be repeated
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
using a larger quantity of alcohol.Addition of alcohol to dispel
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
foam any time after the initial filling of the meter to the zero
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
mark is not permitted.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning—Fresh
3.3 The air content of hardened concrete may be either
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
2
higher or lower than that determined by this test method. This
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
depends upon the methods and amounts of consolidation effort
2. Referenced Documents applied to the concrete from which the hardened concrete
3
specimen is taken; uniformity and stability of the air bubbles in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the fresh and hardened concrete; accuracy of the microscopic
C 29/C 29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)
examination, if used; time of comparison; environmental
and Voids in Aggregate
exposure; stage in the delivery, placement and consolidation
C 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
processes at which the air content of the unhardened concrete
C 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
is determined, that is, before or after the concrete goes through
Concrete by the Pressure Method
a pump; and other factors.
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
4. Apparatus
3. Significance and Use
4.1 Air Meter—An air meter consisting of a bowl and a top
section (Fig. 1) conforming to the following requirements:
3.1 This test method covers the determination of the air
4.1.1 The bowl and top sections shall be of sufficient
contentoffreshlymixedconcrete.Itmeasurestheaircontained
thickness and rigidity to withstand rough field use. The
material shall not be attacked by high pH cement paste, deform
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
when stored at high temperatures in closed spaces, or become
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
brittle or crack at low temperatures. A watertight seal must be
C09.60 on Testing Fresh Concrete.
obtained when the top section is attached to the bowl.
Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally
approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 173/C 173M – 07.
4.1.2 Bowl—The bowl shall have a diameter equal to 1 to
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,
1.25 times the height and be constructed with a flange at or
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3 near the top surface. Bowls shall not have a capacity of less
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM than 0.075 ft [2.0 L].
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM webs
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C173/C173M–07 Designation:C173/C173M–08
Standard Test Method for
Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric
1
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 173/C 173M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversdeterminationoftheaircontentoffreshlymixedconcretecontaininganytypeofaggregate,whether
it be dense, cellular, or lightweight.
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units shall be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are shown in
brackets. The values stated are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two units may result in nonconformance.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and
2
tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 29/C 29M Test Method for Bulk Density (Unit Weight) and Voids in Aggregate
C 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
C 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method covers the determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete. It measures the air contained in the
mortar fraction of the concrete, but is not affected by air that may be present inside porous aggregate particles.
3.1.1 Therefore, this is the appropriate test to determine the air content of concretes containing lightweight aggregates,
air-cooled slag, and highly porous or vesicular natural aggregates.
3.2 This test method requires the addition of sufficient isopropyl alcohol, when the meter is initially being filled with water, so
thatafterthefirstorsubsequentrollingslittleornofoamcollectsintheneckofthetopsectionofthemeter.Ifmorefoamispresent
than that equivalent to 2 % air above the water level, the test is declared invalid and must be repeated using a larger quantity of
alcohol. Addition of alcohol to dispel foam any time after the initial filling of the meter to the zero mark is not permitted.
3.3 The air content of hardened concrete may be either higher or lower than that determined by this test method. This depends
upon the methods and amounts of consolidation effort applied to the concrete from which the hardened concrete specimen is taken;
uniformity and stability of the air bubbles in the fresh and hardened concrete; accuracy of the microscopic examination, if used;
time of comparison; environmental exposure; stage in the delivery, placement and consolidation processes at which the air content
of the unhardened concrete is determined, that is, before or after the concrete goes through a pump; and other factors.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Air Meter—An air meter consisting of a bowl and a top section (Fig. 1) conforming to the following requirements:
4.1.1 The bowl and top sections shall be of sufficient thickness and rigidity to withstand rough field use. The material shall not
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.60 on
Testing Fresh Concrete.
e1
Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C173–01 .
Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 173/C 173M – 07.
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes
...
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