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ASTM D2838-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Shrink Tension and Orientation Release Stress of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting

Standard Test Method for Shrink Tension and Orientation Release Stress of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shrink tension and related characteristics, that is, shrink force and orientation release stress, of heat-shrinkable plastic film and sheeting of less than 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) thickness. Two procedures are described that permit the measurement of shrink forces at predetermined temperatures. They are as follows:
1.1.1 Procedure A is designed to measure the maximum force exerted by a specimen that is totally restrained from shrinking as it is heated rapidly to a specific temperature.
1.1.2 Procedure B is designed to measure the maximum force exerted by a specimen that is permitted to shrink a predetermined amount prior to restraint while being heated rapidly to a specific temperature.
1.2 Orientation release stress can be determined from the data obtained using Procedure A.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1—There is no equivalent ISO test method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2002
ICS
83.140.10 - Films and sheets
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.19 - Film, Sheeting, and Molded Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2838-95 - Standard Test Method for Shrink Tension and Orientation Release Stress of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D2838-07 - Standard Test Method for Shrink Tension and Orientation Release Stress of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting
Effective Date
01-Sep-2007
Referred By
ASTM D8065/D8065M-16 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Specifying Plastic Films
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002
Referred By
ASTM D6287-17 - Standard Practice for Cutting Film and Sheeting Test Specimens
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002
Referred By
ASTM D2673-14(2022) - Standard Specification for Oriented Polypropylene Film
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002

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ASTM D2838-02 - Standard Test Method for Shrink Tension and Orientation Release Stress of Plastic Film and Thin SheetingASTM D2838-02 - Standard Test Method for Shrink Tension and Orientation Release Stress of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting
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ASTM D2838-02 - Standard Test Method for Shrink Tension and Orientation Release Stress of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2838–02
Standard Test Method for
Shrink Tension and Orientation Release Stress of Plastic
1
Film and Thin Sheeting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2838; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 6287 Practice for Cutting Film and Sheeting Test Speci-
mens
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shrink
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
tension and related characteristics, that is, shrink force and
orientation release stress, of heat-shrinkable plastic film and
3. Terminology
sheeting of less than 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) thickness. Two
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
proceduresaredescribedthatpermitthemeasurementofshrink
3.1.1 orientation release stress, n—the maximum shrink
forces at predetermined temperatures. They are as follows:
tension developed by a film in a specified direction throughout
1.1.1 Procedure A is designed to measure the maximum
its range of shrink temperatures while totally restrained from
force exerted by a specimen that is totally restrained from
shrinking.
shrinking as it is heated rapidly to a specific temperature.
3.1.2 shrink force, n—the force per original unit width
1.1.2 Procedure B is designed to measure the maximum
developed by a film in a specified direction and at a specified
force exerted by a specimen that is permitted to shrink a
temperature in its attempt to shrink while under restraint.
predetermined amount prior to restraint while being heated
3.1.3 shrink tension, n—the force per original average
rapidly to a specific temperature.
cross-sectionalareadevelopedbyafilminaspecifieddirection
1.2 Orientation release stress can be determined from the
and at a specified temperature in its attempt to shrink while
data obtained using Procedure A.
under restraint.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2 Definitions:
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
3.2.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent ISO test method.
to Terminology D 883.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 A 25.4-mm (1-in.) wide strip of film or sheeting is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
clamped in the arms of a shrink tension holder (see Fig. 1), one
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
arm of which contains a strain gage.The holder is immersed in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
a hot bath and the force exerted by the film is measured by the
2. Referenced Documents
strain gage. The data is collected by a data acquisition device.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: The tests may be carried out with or without free shrinkage of
the material before restraint.
D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
lation
5. Significance and Use
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
5.1 As a result of the manufacturing process, internal
Insulating Materials for Testing
stresses are locked into the film and these can be released by
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
heating. For any given type of film or sheeting, the tempera-
tures at which shrinkage will begin are related to processing
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
techniques employed to manufacture the film and also may be
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and Sheeting.
related to a phase transition in the base resin.
Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published June 2002. Originally
5.2 Shrink tension affects the appearance and performance
published as D 2838 – 69. Last previous edition D 2838 – 95.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
of a film in a shrink-packaging application. It may also be used
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
to determine the degree and direction of orientation. The
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
orientation exerts a great influence upon important physical
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2838–02
FIG. 1 Design for Shrink Tension Holder
characteristics such as tensile strength, stiffness, tear resis- 6.2 Strain Gage Conditioner, four-arm bridge, preferable.
tance, and impact strength.
6.3 Data Acquisition Device— Electronic
...

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5.1 When a drop of liquid rests on the surface of a solid, and a gas is in contact with both, the forces acting at the interfaces must balance. These forces can be represented by surface energies acting in the direction of the surfaces and it follows that:
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This specification covers nonrigid, unsupported vinyl chloride plastic film and sheeting in which the resin portion of the composition contains at least 90 % vinyl chloride. The remaining 10 % may include one or more monomers copolymerized with vinyl chloride, or consist of other resins mechanically blended together with poly(vinyl chloride) or copolymers thereof. The film and sheeting covered herein shall be 0.075 to 0.25 mm (3 to 10 mils) in thickness for film and greater than 0.25 mm in thickness for sheet, and shall include the stabilizers and plasticizers necessary to meet the requirements of this specification. The material may be transparent, translucent, or opaque, and may be plain, printed, embossed, or otherwise surface treated. This specification designates three general-purpose types of vinyl chloride film and sheeting - calendered, extruded, and cast. The materials shall be tested for its tensile strength and elongation at rapture, tear resistance, volatile loss, water extraction, low temperature impact, burning rate, shrinkage, and color fastness to rubbing.
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