ASTM B567-98(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Beta Backscatter Method
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Beta Backscatter Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The thickness or mass per unit area of a coating is often critical to its performance.
For some coating-substrate combinations, the beta backscatter method is a reliable method for measuring the coating nondestructively.
The test method is suitable for thickness specification acceptance if the mass per unit area is specified. It is not suitable for specification acceptance if the coating thickness is specified and the density of the coating material can vary or is not known.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the beta backscatter gages for the nondestructive measurement of metallic and nonmetallic coatings on both metallic and nonmetallic substrate materials.
1.2 The test method measures the mass of coating per unit area, which can also be expressed in linear thickness units provided that the density of the coating is known.
1.3 The test method is applicable only if the atomic numbers or equivalent atomic numbers of the coating and substrate differ by an appropriate amount (see 6.2).
1.4 Beta backscatter instruments employ a number of different radioactive isotopes. Although the activities of these isotopes are normally very low, they can present a hazard if handled incorrectly. This standard does not purport to address the safety issues and the proper handling of radioactive materials. It is the responsibility of the user to comply with applicable State and Federal regulations concerning the handling and use of radioactive material. Some States require licensing and registration of the radioactive isotopes.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:B567–98(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Beta Backscatter
1
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B567; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope is called “activity.” Therefore, in beta backscatter measure-
ments, a higher activity corresponds to a greater emission of
1.1 This test method covers the beta backscatter gages for
betaparticles.Theactivityofaradioactiveelementusedinbeta
the nondestructive measurement of metallic and nonmetallic
backscatter gages is generally expressed in microcuries (1
coatings on both metallic and nonmetallic substrate materials.
4
µCi = 3.7 3 10 disintegrations per second).
1.2 The test method measures the mass of coating per unit
2.1.2 aperture—the opening of the mask abutting the test
area, which can also be expressed in linear thickness units
specimen. It determines the size of the area on which the
provided that the density of the coating is known.
coating thickness is measured. This mask is also referred to as
1.3 Thetestmethodisapplicableonlyiftheatomicnumbers
a platen, an aperture plate, a specimen support, or a specimen
or equivalent atomic numbers of the coating and substrate
mask.
differ by an appropriate amount (see 6.2).
2.1.3 backscatter—when beta particles pass through matter,
1.4 Beta backscatter instruments employ a number of dif-
they collide with atoms. Among other things, this interaction
ferent radioactive isotopes. Although the activities of these
will change their direction and reduce their speed. If the
isotopes are normally very low, they can present a hazard if
deflections are such that the beta particle leaves the body of
handled incorrectly. This standard does not purport to address
matter from the same surface at which it entered, the beta
the safety issues and the proper handling of radioactive
particle is said to be backscattered.
materials. It is the responsibility of the user to comply with
2.1.4 backscatter coeffıcient—the backscatter coefficient of
applicable State and Federal regulations concerning the han-
a body, R, is the ratio of the number of beta particles
dling and use of radioactive material. Some States require
backscattered to that entering the body. R is independent of the
licensing and registration of the radioactive isotopes.
activity of the isotope and of the measuring time.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
2.1.5 backscatter count:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
2.1.5.1 absolute backscatter count—the absolute backscat-
standard.
ter count, X, is the number of beta particles that are backscat-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tered during a finite interval of time and displayed by the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
instrument. X will, therefore, depend on the activity of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
source, the measuring time, the geometric configuration of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
measuring system, and the properties of the detector, as well as
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the coating thickness and the atomic numbers of the coating
2. Terminology and substrate materials. X is the count produced by the
0
uncoated substrate, and Xs, that of the coating material. To
2.1 Descriptions of Terms:
obtain these values, it is necessary that both these materials are
2.1.1 activity—the nuclei of all radioisotopes are unstable
available with a thickness greater than the saturation thickness
and tend to change into a stable condition by spontaneously
(see 2.1.12).
emitting energy or particles, or both. This process is known as
2.1.5.2 normalized backscatter—the normalized backscat-
radioactive decay. The total number of disintegrations during a
ter, x , is a quantity that is independent of the activity of the
n
suitably small interval of time divided by that interval of time
source, the measuring time, and the properties of the detector.
The normalized backscatter is defined by the equation:
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeB08onMetallic
X 2 X
0
and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.10 on
x 5
n
X 2 X
Test Methods. s 0
Current edition approved June 15, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as B567 – 98 (2003). where:
DOI: 10.1520/B0567-98R09.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B 567–98(Reapproved 2003) Designation: B 567 – 98 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Beta Backscatter
1
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 567; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the beta backscatter gages for the nondestructive measurement of metallic and nonmetallic coatings
on both metallic and nonmetallic substrate materials.
1.2 The test method measures the mass of coating per unit area, which can also be expressed in linear thickness units provided
that the density of the coating is known.
1.3 The test method is applicable only if the atomic numbers or equivalent atomic numbers of the coating and substrate differ
by an appropriate amount (see 7.26.2).
1.4 Beta backscatter instruments employ a number of different radioactive isotopes.Although the activities of these isotopes are
normally very low, they can present a hazard if handled incorrectly.This standard does not purport to address the safety issues and
the proper handling of radioactive materials. It is the responsibility of the user to comply with applicable State and Federal
regulations concerning the handling and use of radioactive material. Some States require licensing and registration of the
radioactive isotopes.
1.5
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 International standard:
ISO3543:Metallic and Nonmetallic Coatings—Measurement of Thickness—Beta Backscatter Method
3.Terminology
3.1
2.1 Descriptions of Terms:
3.1.1
2.1.1 activity—the nuclei of all radioisotopes are unstable and tend to change into a stable condition by spontaneously emitting
energy or particles, or both.This process is known as radioactive decay.The total number of disintegrations during a suitably small
interval of time divided by that interval of time is called “activity.” Therefore, in beta backscatter measurements, a higher activity
corresponds to a greater emission of beta particles.The activity of a radioactive element used in beta backscatter gages is generally
4
expressed in microcuries (1 µCi = 3.7 3 10 disintegrations per second).
3.1.2
2.1.2 aperture—the opening of the mask abutting the test specimen. It determines the size of the area on which the coating
thickness is measured. This mask is also referred to as a platen, an aperture plate, a specimen support, or a specimen mask.
3.1.3
2.1.3 backscatter—when beta particles pass through matter, they collide with atoms. Among other things, this interaction will
change their direction and reduce their speed. If the deflections are such that the beta particle leaves the body of matter from the
same surface at which it entered, the beta particle is said to be backscattered.
3.1.4
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B08 on Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.10 on Test
Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published October 2003. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as B567–98.
Current edition approved June 15, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as B 567 – 98 (2003).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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B 567 – 98 (2009)
2.1.4 backscatter coeffıcient—the backscatter coefficient of a body, R, is the ratio of the number of beta particles backscattered
to that entering the body. R is independent of the activity of the isotope and of the measuring time.
3.1.5
2.1.5 backscatter count:
3.1.5.1
2.1.5.1 absolute backscatter count—the absolute backscatter count, X, is the number of beta particles that are backscattered
du
...
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