ASTM A159-83(2001)

Standard Specification for Automotive Gray Iron Castings

SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to gray iron castings, cast in sand molds, used in the products of the automobile, truck, tractor, and allied industries.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1992
• ICS: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
• Technical Committee: A04 - Iron Castings
• Drafting Committee: A04.01 - Grey and White Iron Castings

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A159-83(1993) - Standard Specification for Automotive Gray Iron Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1993
• Replaced By: ASTM A159-83(2006) - Standard Specification for Automotive Gray Iron Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2006
• Referred By: ASTM F1510-21 - Standard Specification for Rotary Positive Displacement Pumps, Ships Use
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1993
• Referred By: ASTM F2798-09(2023) - Standard Specification for Sealless Lube Oil Pump with Oil Through Motor for Marine Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1993

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A 159 – 83 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Specification for
1
Automotive Gray Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. This specification replaces Federal specification
AA-I-653A.
TABLE 1 Grades of Gray Iron
1. Scope
1.1 This specification applies to gray iron castings, cast in
Grade Casting Hardness Range Description
sand molds, used in the products of the automobile, truck,
tractor, and allied industries. G1800 HB 187 max ferritic-pearlitic
A
4.4 BID min or as agreed
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
G2500 HB 170-229 pearlitic-ferritic
as the standard. A
4.6–4.0 BID or as agreed
G3000 HB 187-241 pearlitic
A
2. Referenced Documents 4.4–3.9 BID or as agreed
G3500 HB 207-255 pearlitic
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the A
4.2–3.8 BID or as agreed
G4000 HB 217-269 pearlitic
dateofmaterialprocurementformapartofthisspecificationto
A
4.1–3.7 BID or as agreed
the extent referenced herein:
A
Brinell impression diameter (BID) is the diameter in millimetres of the impres-
2.2 ASTM Standards:
sion of a 10 mm ball at 3000-kg load.
A 247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of
2
Graphite in Iron Castings
E 10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-
3 4.1.5 Surface where hardness test is to be performed (see
als
9.4),
2.3 Military Standard:
4 4.1.6 Depth and surface hardness of case required (see 9.6),
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
4.1.7 Inspection lot and sampling plan required (see Section
2.4 Federal Standard:
4 10),
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
4.1.8 If additional requirements are needed (see 11.3), and
3. Grades 4.1.9 Whether special packaging and marking is required
(see Section 12).
3.1 The specified grades, hardness ranges, and metallurgical
description are shown in Table 1 and Table 2 and in Section 9.
5. Hardness
4. Ordering Information
5.1 The foundry shall exercise the necessary controls and
inspection techniques to ensure compliance with the specified
4.1 Orders for materials under this specification shall in-
hardness range, Brinell hardness shall be determined in accor-
clude the following information:
dance withTest Method E 10, after sufficient material has been
4.1.1 ASTM designation,
removed from the casting surface to ensure representative
4.1.2 Grade designation of gray iron required (3.1),
hardness readings. The 10-mm ball and 3000-kg load shall be
4.1.3 If special heat treatment is required (see Section 6),
used unless otherwise agreed upon. The area or areas on the
4.1.4 If special microstructure requirements are needed (see
casting where hardness is to be checked shall be established by
Section 7),
agreement between supplier and purchaser and shall be shown
on the drawing.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron 6. Heat Treatment
CastingsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeA04.01onGrayandWhite
6.1 Unless otherwise specified, castings of Grades G1800
Iron Castings.
and G2500 may be annealed in order to meet the desired
Current edition approved July 29, 1983. Published September 1983. Originally
published as A 159 – 35 T. Last previous edition A 159 – 77.
hardness range.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.
6.2 Appropriate heat treatment for removal of residual
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
4
stresses,ortoimprovemachinabilityorwearresistancemaybe
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. specified by agreement between supplier and purchaser.
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1

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A 159 – 83 (2001)
TABLE 2 Brake Drums and Clutch Plates for Special Service
A
Grade Carbon min, % Microstructure
Casting Hardness
Graphite Matrix
B
G2500a 3.40 HB 170-229 Type VII, size 2–4 lamellar pearlite
4.6–4.0 BID or as agreed A distribution ferrite if present not to exceed 15%
C B
G3500b 3.40 HB 207-255 Type VII, size 3–5 lamellar pearlite
4.2–3.8 BID or as agreed A distribution ferrite or carbide if present not to exceed 5%
C B
G3500c 3.50 HB 207-255 Type VII, size 3–5 lamellar pearlite
4.2–3.8 BID or as agreed A distribution ferrite or carbide, if present not to exceed 5%
A
The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be made on chilled pencil-type specimens o
...