ASTM D5117-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dye Penetration of Solid Fiberglass Reinforced Pultruded Stock
Standard Test Method for Dye Penetration of Solid Fiberglass Reinforced Pultruded Stock
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful for establishing the integrity of composite rod. The presence of voids, cracks, and hollow fibers are considered detrimental to the structural integrity of the composite and may cause reduced electrical resistance and increased current leakage.
A perfect composite would be flaw-free, and there would be no possibility of wicking. Composites of this type are virtually nonexistent, as there will typically be entrapped air in the resin developed during manufacture, occasional hollow fibers, and occasional cracks due to thermal stresses.
This test method is intended to provide a tool for measuring the extent of wicking in a composite over very short lengths of material for comparative purposes. The presence of wicking over 1 in. (2.54 cm) lengths may not necessarily imply that the composite will perform unsatisfactorily for its intended end-use. Therefore, interpretation of test results should be made with care.
This test method was developed as a technique for estimating quality and consistency of pultruded rod and bar stock, which is a composite of resin and all-roving reinforcement. The manufacturing process may also affect the quality of the product. It should be useful for a manufacturer in determining whether any gross changes in quality have taken place due to process or raw material changes.
Since the results of this test are so sensitive to sample size, penetrant type, penetrant used, viscosity, duration of test, and other factors, no attempt to arrive at or recommend development of a specification for these materials has been made. It is suggested that such a specification should be negotiated between supplier and end user.
SCOPE
1.1 This dye-penetrant test method covers a means of evaluating solid fiberglass all-roving reinforced pultruded rod or bar stock for longitudinal wicking. There are generally three mechanisms that promote wicking, any or all of which may be operating at a given time.
Note 1—The specimen's cross-section may reflect delaminations, longitudinal continuous voids, or the presence of hollow fibers, or all three. Occasionally these flaws may be detected by this test, but other tests are usually required.
1.2 The results of a wicking test are dependent on specimen type and size, penetrant type, time of exposure in the penetrant, penetrant viscosity, etc. Any attempt to use a wicking test to establish specification criteria should be made with great care.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 10.3 and 10.6.
Note 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
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Designation: D5117 − 09
Standard Test Method for
Dye Penetration of Solid Fiberglass Reinforced Pultruded
1
Stock
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D3918Terminology Relating to Reinforced Plastic Pul-
truded Products
1.1 This dye-penetrant test method covers a means of
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
evaluating solid fiberglass all-roving reinforced pultruded rod
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
orbarstockforlongitudinalwicking.Therearegenerallythree
mechanisms that promote wicking, any or all of which may be
3. Terminology
operating at a given time.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
NOTE 1—The specimen’s cross-section may reflect delaminations,
3.1.1 wicking—transmission of a gas or liquid due to pres-
longitudinal continuous voids, or the presence of hollow fibers, or all
three.Occasionallytheseflawsmaybedetectedbythistest,butothertests
sure differential or capillary action along fibers incorporated in
are usually required.
a fiberglass reinforced pultruded product.
1.2 The results of a wicking test are dependent on specimen
typeandsize,penetranttype,timeofexposureinthepenetrant, 4. Summary of Test Method
penetrant viscosity, etc. Any attempt to use a wicking test to
4.1 All-roving pultruded rod stock is tested by placing the
establish specification criteria should be made with great care.
specimen(s) on end into the dye penetrant to a specified depth
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
and observing the wicking action as spots, or dots, on the
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
opposite, dry face.
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
4.2 The wicking action through the length of the specimen
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
is due to the capillary action of the penetrant through the open
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
pathways in the composite. These pathways are typically
with the standard.
occupiedbyairandcanbecausedbycontinuousvoids,cracks,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
or hollow fibers, or all three, in the reinforcement.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 This test method is useful for establishing the integrity
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
of composite rod. The presence of voids, cracks, and hollow
statements, see 10.3 and 10.6.
fibers are considered detrimental to the structural integrity of
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
the composite and may cause reduced electrical resistance and
increased current leakage.
2. Referenced Documents
2
5.2 A perfect composite would be flaw-free, and there
2.1 ASTM Standards:
wouldbenopossibilityofwicking.Compositesofthistypeare
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
virtually nonexistent, as there will typically be entrapped air in
the resin developed during manufacture, occasional hollow
fibers, and occasional cracks due to thermal stresses.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermoset-
5.3 This test method is intended to provide a tool for
ting Plastics.
measuringtheextentofwickinginacompositeoververyshort
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally
lengths of material for comparative purposes. The presence of
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5117-03. DOI:
10.1520/D5117-09.
wickingover1in.(2.54cm)lengthsmaynotnecessarilyimply
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
thatthecompositewillperformunsatisfactorilyforitsintended
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
end-use. Therefore, interpretation of test results should be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. made with care.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5117 − 09
5.4 This test method was developed as a technique for 8.4 In order to prevent the problem of wicking up the sides
estimating
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5117–03 Designation:D5117–09
Standard Test Method for
Dye Penetration of Solid Fiberglass Reinforced Pultruded
1
Stock
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This dye-penetrant test method covers a means of evaluating solid fiberglass all-roving reinforced pultruded rod or bar stock
for longitudinal wicking. There are generally three mechanisms that promote wicking, any or all of which may be operating at a
given time.
NOTE 1—The specimen’s cross-section may reflect delaminations, longitudinal continuous voids, or the presence of hollow fibers, or all three.
Occasionally these flaws may be detected by this test, but other tests are usually required.
1.2 The results of a wicking test are dependent on specimen type and size, penetrant type, time of exposure in the penetrant,
penetrant viscosity, etc. Any attempt to use a wicking test to establish specification criteria should be made with great care.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 10.3 and 10.6.
NOTE2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard. 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D 3918 Definitions of Terms Relating to Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products Terminology Relating to Reinforced Plastic
Pultruded Products
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 DefinitionDefinitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 wicking—transmission of a gas or liquid due to pressure differential or capillary action along fibers incorporated in a
fiberglass reinforced pultruded product.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 PAll-roving pultruded rod stock of circular cross-section is tested by placing the specimen(s) on end into the dye penetrant
to a specified depth and observing the wicking action as spots, or dots, on the opposite, dry face.
4.2 The wicking action through the length of the specimen is due to the capillary action of the penetrant through the open
pathways in the composite.These pathways are typically occupied by air and can be caused by continuous voids, cracks, or hollow
fibers, or all three, in the reinforcement.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is useful for establishing the integrity of composite rod. The presence of voids, cracks, and hollow fibers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermosetting
Plastics.
Current edition approved NovemberSept. 1, 2003.2009. Published January 2004.September 2009. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in
19962003 as D5117-96.D 5117 - 03.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5117–09
are considered detrimental to the structural integrity of the composite and may cause reduced electrical resistance and increased
current leakage.
5.2 Aperfect composite would be flaw-free, and there would be no possibility of wicking. Composites of this type are virtually
nonexistent, as there will typically be entrapped air in the resin developed during manufacture, occasional hollow fibers, and
occasio
...
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