ASTM F1799-97(2021)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Shipboard Generated Waste Management Audits
Standard Guide for Shipboard Generated Waste Management Audits
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Applicability—This guide is intended to describe a planning audit that will improve the shipowner’s ability to forecast costs and schedule impacts and aid the shipowner in identifying environmental, health, and safety concerns associated with the removal, handling, and disposal of potentially hazardous shipboard materials.
4.2 Use—Audits may be performed to aid in planning for a variety of events, including maintenance, repair, modification, purchase, or scrapping. To maximize efficiency, audits should be tailored to meet the specific needs of the shipowner, with target materials identified during the planning process.
4.3 Caution—Legal restrictions on the removal and disposal of materials discussed in this guide may vary significantly from port to port, both within the United States and abroad. Reasons for this variation include the decentralized nature of port control, state, and local environmental regulations, and the local availability of landfill or treatment facilities. Users of this guide should consult local authorities to obtain information on specific legal requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 Purpose—This guide covers information for assisting shipowners in planning for costs or scheduling complications during maintenance, repair, modifications, purchase negotiations, or scrapping activities. Removal and disposal of certain materials disturbed during modification, maintenance, or disposal of systems or components may be costly or interrupt the work schedule.
1.2 Objectives:
1.2.1 This guide will describe materials that may be disturbed on ships during maintenance or scrapping activities, which may result in costly or time-consuming removal or disposal actions.
1.2.2 This guide will provide a systematic method to identify and record the locations of materials of concern for immediate planning and future reference.
1.2.3 This guide will include a brief discussion of issues related to the handling and storage of materials described in this guide.
1.3 Considerations Beyond Scope:
1.3.1 This guide is not intended to address materials carried as cargo or material stored onboard in prepackaged containers.
1.3.2 This guide is not intended to address waste products related to the ongoing, day-to-day operation of a ship, such as sewage, solid waste, incinerator ash (or other residual products resulting from solid waste treatment), and residual sludge left in segregated ballast tanks.
1.3.3 This guide does not provide a comprehensive index of test methods available for characterizing the materials discussed. Test methods referenced or described should be considered as examples.
1.3.4 This guide is not intended to address directly regulatory issues for any of the materials described.
1.3.5 This guide is not intended to address remediation concerns.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1799 − 97 (Reapproved 2021) An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
Shipboard Generated Waste Management Audits
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1799; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.3.5 This guide is not intended to address remediation
concerns.
1.1 Purpose—This guide covers information for assisting
shipowners in planning for costs or scheduling complications 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
during maintenance, repair, modifications, purchase as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
negotiations, or scrapping activities. Removal and disposal of standard.
certain materials disturbed during modification, maintenance,
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
or disposal of systems or components may be costly or
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
interrupt the work schedule.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 Objectives:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2.1 This guide will describe materials that may be dis-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
turbed on ships during maintenance or scrapping activities,
which may result in costly or time-consuming removal or
2. Referenced Documents
disposal actions.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2.2 This guide will provide a systematic method to iden-
D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
tify and record the locations of materials of concern for
E849 Practice for Safety and Health Requirements Relating
immediate planning and future reference.
to Occupational Exposure toAsbestos (Withdrawn 1991)
1.2.3 This guide will include a brief discussion of issues
2.2 ASHRAE Standards:
related to the handling and storage of materials described in
ASHRAE Guideline 3 Reducing Emission of Fully Haloge-
this guide.
nated Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) Refrigerants in Refrig-
1.3 Considerations Beyond Scope:
eration andAir-Conditioning Equipment andApplications
1.3.1 This guide is not intended to address materials carried
2.3 EPA Methods:
as cargo or material stored onboard in prepackaged containers.
EPA 600/M4-82-020 Interim Method of the Determination
1.3.2 This guide is not intended to address waste products
of Asbestos in Bulk Insulation Samples
related to the ongoing, day-to-day operation of a ship, such as
EPA SW-846, Method 8080 Organochlorine Pesticides and
sewage, solid waste, incinerator ash (or other residual products
PCBs
resulting from solid waste treatment), and residual sludge left
EPASW-846,Method1311 ToxicityCharacteristicLeachate
in segregated ballast tanks.
Procedure
1.3.3 This guide does not provide a comprehensive index of
EPA SW-846, Method 8270 Semi-Volatiles List
test methods available for characterizing the materials dis-
EPA SW-846, Method 8260 Volatiles List
cussed. Test methods referenced or described should be con-
sidered as examples.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1.3.4 This guide is not intended to address directly regula-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
tory issues for any of the materials described.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org.
1 4
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.06 on Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA
Marine Environmental Protection. 30329, http://www.ashrae.org.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021. Published January 2021. Originally AvailablefromUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),William
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F1799 – 97 (2015). Jefferson Clinton Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460,
DOI: 10.1520/F1799-97R21. http://www.epa.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1799 − 97 (2021)
3. Terminology 5.2 Testing—Many materials will require sampling and
characterization tests. A sampling plan should be followed by
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
qualified and authorized personnel. Analysis performed by a
3.1.1 audit, n—a process to identify waste materials associ-
qualified or certified laboratory may be required.
ated with maintenance, repair, modifications, purchase
negotiations, or scrapping activities, some of which may be
6. Potential Shipboard Generated Wastes
hazardous, with the goal of providing planning information
6.1 Asbestos:
about environmental, health, and safety risks and related costs.
6.1.1 Description—Asbestos is the common name of a
3.1.2 friable, n—a physical state in which a dry material can
number of substances including amosite, anthrophyllite,
be easily crumpled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand
amphibole, and chrysotile (1). When asbestos becomes
pressure.
friable, it may be inhaled or swallowed, penetrating body
3.1.3 mobile, adj—capable of being transported from one
tissues and remaining there for many years. Exposure to
surface to another.
asbestoshasbeenlinkedtoasbestosis,mesothelioma,andother
3.1.4 PCB, n—a class of chemicals comprised of polychlo-
cancers. Exposure to cigarette smoke may increase the long-
rinated biphenyls.
term risk of developing asbestos-related lung cancer by as
much as 90 %.
3.1.5 streaming agents, n—a type of chemical used to fight
6.1.2 Uses—Many common construction products contain
small, contained fires by directing the firefighting agent spe-
asbestos, although use of the material in the United States was
cifically at the fire.
significantlyreducedduringthe1970s.Likelyproductsinclude
3.1.6 target materials, n—specific materials that the audit
pipe lagging and other types of insulation, vinyl tile and
process will identify for evaluation.
linoleum, floor tile adhesives, cement sheet and fiberboard,
3.1.7 waste oil, n—oil that cannot be reused or recycled.
brake pads and linings, and gasket materials, particularly for
high-temperature applications.
4. Significance and Use
6.1.3 Test Methods (for Thermal Insulation) (2):
4.1 Applicability—This guide is intended to describe a
6.1.3.1 Sampling—The area to be sampled should be sub-
planning audit that will improve the shipowner’s ability to
divided into homogeneous areas, and sampling of each homo-
forecast costs and schedule impacts and aid the shipowner in
geneous area should be conducted in a statistically random
identifying environmental, health, and safety concerns associ-
manner. For surface materials, collect at least three samples for
ated with the removal, handling, and disposal of potentially
each area under 1000 ft , at least five for areas between 1000
hazardous shipboard materials.
and 5000 ft , and at least seven for each area greater than 5000
ft . For piping insulation, collect at least three samples from
4.2 Use—Audits may be performed to aid in planning for a
each homogeneous section of piping.
variety of events, including maintenance, repair, modification,
6.1.3.2 Analysis—Samples should not be composited for
purchase, or scrapping. To maximize efficiency, audits should
analysis. Analysis of each sample should be conducted using
be tailored to meet the specific needs of the shipowner, with
the Polarized Light Microscopy Method described in EPA
target materials identified during the planning process.
600/M4-82-020. Under current U.S. regulations, a homoge-
4.3 Caution—Legal restrictions on the removal and disposal
neous area may be considered free of asbestos if all samples
ofmaterialsdiscussedinthisguidemayvarysignificantlyfrom
from that area are shown to contain less than 1 % of asbestos.
port to port, both within the United States and abroad. Reasons
6.1.4 Handling Precautions (3)—Asbestos should only be
for this variation include the decentralized nature of port
handledbytrainedpersonnel.Ifasbestosmustbedisturbed,the
control, state, and local environmental regulations, and the
area should be isolated and well-labeled to protect employees
local availability of landfill or treatment facilities. Users of this
not involved with the removal or repair work. Protective
guide should consult local authorities to obtain information on
clothing including disposable coveralls, gloves, goggles, and a
specific legal requirements.
respirator should be worn when handling asbestos, and person-
nel should remove contaminated clothes and wash before
5. Procedure
leaving the work site. Material should be kept wet to minimize
5.1 Planning—Objectives for the waste management audit
potentialforairbornefibers.Wasteproductsshouldbestoredin
should be established at the planning stage. A well-planned
plastic bags in a sealed rigid container and protected from
audit will focus on target materials in critical locations to
physical damage. Asbestos material, including asbestos waste,
minimize audit costs. Waste management audits, therefore,
should be stored in an isolated, regulated, and well-marked
should be performed by environmental, health, and safety
area. Smoking, eating, drinking, chewing, or applying cosmet-
experts familiar with the specific objectives of the audit. Past
ics should be avoided in areas in which asbestos exposure is
audit reports of the area and other documentation that may
likely. Practice E849 provides additional details. Asbestos
provide insight into material characterization should be re-
replacement materials also may pose environmental, safety,
viewedtoavoidtheexpenseofunnecessarytests.Forexample,
and health risks.
construction specifications may characterize a particular
material, eliminating the need for testing. In some instances,
inspection of the ship or interviews with personnel on-site may
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
be beneficial in planning the audit. this standard.
F1799 − 97 (2021)
6.2 PCB-Contaminated Media: personnel. Refrigerants should not be intentionally released to
6.2.1 Description—PCBs have many useful properties in- the atmosphere. Refrigerants present in air conditioning or
refrigeration equipment should be recovered and recycled
cluding high stability, low vapor pressure, low flammability,
high heat capacity, and low electrical conductivity. They are (refrigerants typically have a high resale or recycling value), as
described in ASHRAE Guideline 3. If accidental release
suspected carcinogens, however, and have been associated
with adverse health and reproductive effects. They also have a occurs, personnel should leave the area and avoid inhaling
vapors. Personnel requiring emergency medical attention fol-
high potential for bioaccumulation in the food chain.Anumber
of trade names exist for PCBs, including Aroclor, Asbestol, lowing inhalation of refrigerants should not be given cat-
echolaminedrugs,suchasepinephrine,becauseofthepotential
Chlorextol, Diaclor, and Dykanol (4).
for increased cardiac sensitization.As a result of possible toxic
6.2.2 Uses—Because of the many positive characteristics of
by-products of combustion, refrigerants should be kept away
PCBs, oils containing PCBs have been used in a great variety
from open flame. Smoking should not be allowed in areas in
of applications. The most common use has been as a dielectric
which refrigerants may leak to the atmosphere.
fluid in transformers, capacitors, and other electrical equip-
ment. The oil also has been used in many other situations
6.4 Used or Waste Oils:
including hydraulic equipment, paints, oil-soaked gasket
6.4.1 Description—Waste oils include a variety of oil prod-
material, and as a plasticizer in many other products. PCBs
ucts that have been contaminated through use or storage to the
havebeenbannedintheUnitedStatessincethemid-1970s,but
point at which they can no longer be used for their intended
materials manufactured after the ban have been found to
purpose. Many used oils can be recycled. This category does
contain them. Applications involving mobile forms of PCBs
not include water contaminated with small amounts of oil,
pose a much greater risk to personnel and the environment.
which is addressed in 6.7.
Typical shipboard materials that may contain mobile forms of
6.4.2 Uses—The primary sources of shipboard used or
PCBs include electrical equipment containing dielectric fluid,
waste oils are from hydraulic systems, engine room machinery,
oil-soaked gasket material, oil-soaked insulation material, and
lubricating systems, and fuel systems.
hydraulic fluids.
6.4.3 Test Methods—Tests for halogen content and flash
6.2.3 Test Methods:
point are the most common, but test procedures will vary
6.2.3.1 Sampling—Because of significant variation in the
depending on the intended disposal method and suspected
PCB content of similar materials, mixing or combining
contaminants.
samples prior to analysis is not recommended. Similarly,
6.4.4 Handling Precautions—Recycling may include
random samples cannot prove untested items either to contain
processes, such as reclamation, burning for energy recovery,
or to be free of PCBs. Liquid oils may be sampled using
reprocessing, or re-refining. The recycling potential of a used
Practices D923.
oil product will be dependent on the quantity of contaminants
6.2.3.2 Analysis—Materials may be analyzed using EPA
present. Contaminants may include arsenic, cadmium,
SW-846, Method 8080.
chromium, lead, PCBs, sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, or halogens
6.2.4 Handling Precautions—PCBs should only be handled
(chlorine, fluorine, and bromine). Unusually low flash points
by trained personnel. Protective equipment should be worn
also may limit recycling potential, as will the presence of
when handling PCBs, with particular attention to avoiding skin
dispersants or emulsifying agents. Table 1 summarizes poten-
and respiratory exposure. Work spaces should be well venti-
tialrecyclingproblemsassociatedwithavarietyofcommonoil
lated (3).
products.
6.3 Refrigerants: 6.5 Paint Products:
6.3.1 Description—Refrigerants present simi
...
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