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ASTM E708-79(2017)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Waste Glass as a Raw Material for the Manufacture of Glass Containers

Standard Specification for Waste Glass as a Raw Material for the Manufacture of Glass Containers

ABSTRACT
This specification covers particulate glass (cullet material) recovered from waste destined for disposal, smaller than 6 mm intended for reuse as a raw material in the manufacture of glass containers. Flint glass cullet is a particulate glass material that contains no more than 0.1 weight % Fe2O3, or 0.0015 weight % Cr2O3, as determined by chemical analysis. The color mix for amber, flint, green and other color glass cullet shall conform to the prescribed mix.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers particulate glass (cullet material, recovered from waste destined for disposal, smaller than 6 mm intended for reuse as a raw material in the manufacture of glass containers.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2017
ICS
81.040.10 - Raw materials and raw glass
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM C162-05(2015) - Standard Terminology of<brk type="line"/> Glass and Glass Products
Effective Date
01-Nov-2015
Referred By
ASTM D5681-22e1 - Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017

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ASTM E708-79(2017) - Standard Specification for Waste Glass as a Raw Material for the Manufacture of Glass ContainersASTM E708-79(2017) - Standard Specification for Waste Glass as a Raw Material for the Manufacture of Glass Containers
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ASTM E708-79(2017) - Standard Specification for Waste Glass as a Raw Material for the Manufacture of Glass Containers
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E708 −79 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Specification for
Waste Glass as a Raw Material for the Manufacture of Glass
1
Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E708; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Representative Sample
1.1 This specification covers particulate glass (cullet 4.1 The following requirements qualify the glass lot to be
used for direct use in soda-lime glass container manufacturing.
material, recovered from waste destined for disposal, smaller
than 6 mm intended for reuse as a raw material in the Sample should be prepared and examined in accordance with
Test Methods E688.
manufacture of glass containers.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as NOTE 1—A preponderant proportion of glass cullet will be soda-lime
bottle glass, the glass cullet having a composition as follows, as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
determined by Test Methods C169.
standard.
Oxide Composition, Weight %
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for
SiO 66 to 75
2
information only.
Al O 1to7
2 3
CaO + MgO 9 to 13
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
NaO 12to16
2
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
NOTE 2—All percents referred to in this specification are weight
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
percents.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5. General Requirements
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 The sample shall show no drainage of liquid and be
noncaking and free flowing.Amoisture content of less than 0.5
2. Referenced Documents
weight % is required to meet the free-flowing characteristics of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a cullet that is predominantly of smaller particle size, 1.18-mm
C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
(No. 16) sieve or smaller.
C169 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soda-Lime
5.2 Screen Size—No material shall be retained on a 6-mm
and Borosilicate Glass
1
( ⁄4-in.) screen. Material not exceeding 15 weight % shall pass
E688 Test Methods for Waste Glass as a Raw Material for
through a 106-µm (No. 140) screen.
Glass Manufacturing
5.3 Organic Materials—The total content of organic
3. Terminology materials, as measured in accordance with Section 6, shall not
exceed 0.2 weight % of dry sample, except for color-mixed
3.1 Definitions:
glass where the content of organic material may exceed 0.2
3.1.1 flint glass cullet—a particulate glass material that
weight %. However, a content of organic material greater than
contains no more than 0.1 weight % Fe O , or 0.0015
2 3
0.2 weight % must be held within a tolerance of 60.05
weight % Cr O , as determined by chemical analysis.
2 3
weight %, with a maximum organic limit of 0.4 weight %.
3.1.2 For definitions of other terms used in this
5.4 Magnetic Materials—The total magnetic materials shall
specification, refer to Terminology C162.
not exceed 0.05 weight % of dry sample weight for flint glass
and 0.14 weight % for colored glass of dry sample weight in
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D34 on Waste
accordance with Section 6.
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
5.5 Permissible Color Mix for Color-Sorted Glass Cullet by
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originally
Weight:
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E708 – 79 (2011).
5.5.1 Amber Glass Cullet:
DOI: 10.1520/E0708-79R17.
2
90 to 100 % amber
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
0to10%flint
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
0 to 10 % green
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
0 to 5 % other colors
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E708−79 (2017)
5.5.2 Green Glass Cullet: (No. 20) screen size shall not exceed 0.1 % of the dry sample
weight. Material smaller than 850-µm screen size shall not
50 to 100 % green
0 to 35 % amber
exceed 0.5 % of the dry sample weight.
0to15%flint
5.6.1 Refractories—Based upon U.S. series screen size and
0 to 4 % other colors
sample weight, the follo
...

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Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soda-Lime and Borosilicate Glass

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods can be used to ensure that the chemical composition of the glass meets the compositional specification required for the finished glass product.  
3.2 These test methods do not preclude the use of other methods that yield results within permissible variations. In any case, the analyst should verify the procedure and technique employed by means of a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference material having a component comparable with that of the material under test. A list of standard reference materials is given in the NIST Special Publication 260,3 current edition.  
3.3 Typical examples of products manufactured using soda-lime silicate glass are containers, tableware, and flat glass.  
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3.5 Typical examples of products manufactured using fluoride opal glass are containers, tableware, and decorative glassware.
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1.1 These test methods cover the quantitative chemical analysis of soda-lime and borosilicate glass compositions for both referee and routine analysis. This would be for the usual constituents present in glasses of the following types: (1) soda-lime silicate glass, (2) soda-lime fluoride opal glass, and (3) borosilicate glass. The following common oxides, when present in concentrations greater than indicated, are known to interfere with some of the determinations in this method: 2 % barium oxide (BaO), 0.2 % phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5), 0.05 % zinc oxide (ZnO), 0.05 % antimony oxide (Sb2O3), 0.05 % lead oxide (PbO).  
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Sections  
Procedures for Referee Analysis:  
Silica  
10  
BaO, R2O2 (Al2O3 + P2O5), CaO, and MgO  
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Fe2O3, TiO2, ZrO2 by Photometry and Al2O3 by Com-
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MnO by the Periodate Oxidation Method  
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SO3 (Total Sulfur)  
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B2O3  
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Fluorine by Pyrohydrolysis Separation and Specific Ion
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Colorimetric Determination of Ferrous Iron Using 1,10
Phenanthroline  
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4.1 The sink-float comparator method of test for glass density provides the most accurate (yet convenient for practical applications) method of evaluating the density of small pieces or specimens of glass. The data obtained are useful for daily quality control of production, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and for special purposes in research and development.  
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3.1 These practices are useful for determining the maximum temperature at which crystallization will form in a glass, and a minimum temperature at which a glass can be held, for extended periods of time, without crystal formation and growth.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover procedures for determining the liquidus temperature (Note 1) of a glass (Note 1) by establishing the boundary temperature for the first crystalline compound, when the glass specimen is held at a specified temperature gradient over its entire length for a period of time necessary to obtain thermal equilibrium between the crystalline and glassy phases.  
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Standard Test Methods for Determining Liquidus Temperature of Waste Glasses and Simulated Waste Glasses

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5.1 This procedure can be used for (but is not limited to) the following applications:
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1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the liquidus temperature (TL) of nuclear waste, mixed nuclear waste, simulated nuclear waste, or hazardous waste glass in the temperature range from 600 °C to 1600 °C. This test method differs from Practice C829 in that it employs additional methods to determine TL. TL is useful in waste glass plant operation, glass formulation, and melter design to determine the minimum temperature that must be maintained in a waste glass melt to make sure that crystallization does not occur or is below a particular constraint, for example, 1 volume % crystallinity or T1%. As of now, many institutions studying waste and simulated waste vitrification are not in agreement regarding this constraint (1).2  
1.2 Three methods are included, differing in (1) the type of equipment available to the analyst (that is, type of furnace and characterization equipment), (2) the quantity of glass available to the analyst, (3) the precision and accuracy desired for the measurement, and (4) candidate glass properties. The glass properties, for example, glass volatility and estimated TL, will dictate the required method for making the most precise measurement. The three different approaches to measuring TL described here include the following: Gradient Temperature Furnace Method (GT), Uniform Temperature Furnace Method (UT), and Crystal Fraction Extrapolation Method (CF). This procedure is intended to provide specific work processes, but may be supplemented by test instructions as deemed appropriate by the project manager or principle investigator. The methods defined here are not applicable to glasses that form multiple immiscible liquid phases. Immiscibility may be detected in the initial examination of glass during sample preparation (see 9.3). However, immiscibility may not become apparent until after testing is underway.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Glass Sand

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods can be used to ensure that the chemical composition of the glass sand meets the compositional specification required for this raw material.  
3.2 These test methods do not preclude the use of other methods that yield results within permissible variations. In any case, the analyst should verify the procedure and technique used by means of a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference material or other similar material of known composition having a component comparable with that of the material under test. A list of standard reference materials is given in the NIST Special Publication 260, current edition.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of glass sands. They are useful for either high-silica sands (99 % + silica (SiO2)) or for high-alumina sands containing as much as 12 to 13 % alumina (Al2O3). Generally nonclassical, these test methods are rapid and accurate. They include the determination of silica and of total R2O3 (see 11.2.4), and the separate determination of total iron as iron oxide (Fe2O3), titania (TiO2), chromium oxide (Cr2O3), zirconia (ZrO2), and ignition loss. Included are procedures for the alkaline earths and alkalies. High-alumina sands may contain as much as 5 to 6 % total alkalies and alkaline earths. It is recommended that the alkalies be determined by flame photometry and the alkaline earths by absorption spectrophotometry.  
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Note 1: For additional information, see Test Methods C169 and Practices E50.  
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Procedures for Referee Analysis:  
Section  
Silica (SiO2)—Double Dehydration  
10  
Total R2O3—Gravimetric  
11  
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Preparation of the Sample for Determination of Iron
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13  
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14  
Alumina (Al2O3) by the CDTA Titration Method  
15  
Zirconia (ZrO2) by the Pyrocatechol Violet Method  
16  
Chromium Oxide (Cr2O3) by the 1,5-Diphenylcarbo-
hydrazide Method  
17  
Procedures for Routine Analysis:  
Silica (SiO2)—Single Dehydration  
19  
Al2O3, CaO, and MgO—Atomic Absorption Spec-
trophotometry  
20–25  
Na2O and K2O—Flame Emission Spectrophotometry  
26-27  
Loss on Ignition (LOI)  
28  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Raw Materials for Glass Manufacture

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4.1 The purpose of this test method is to determine the particle size distribution of the glass raw materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the sieve analysis of common raw materials for glass manufacture, such as sand, soda-ash, limestone, alkali-alumina silicates, and other granular materials used in glass batch.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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