ASTM E310-10
(Specification)Standard Reference Radiographs for Tin Bronze Castings
Standard Reference Radiographs for Tin Bronze Castings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Reference radiographs for tin bronze and related alloy castings are intended to be used as a guide to the recognition of common discontinuities and their differentiation both as to type and severity level. Discontinuity types most common to these alloys are illustrated. For reference, descriptions of typical casting defects and corresponding radiographic indication types are contained in Section 5. Purchasers and suppliers may, by mutual agreement, select particular discontinuity categories (see 1.2) to serve as standards representing minimum levels of acceptability (see Sections 7 and 8).
Reference radiographs represented by this standard may be used, as agreed upon in a purchaser supplier agreement, for energy levels, thicknesses or both outside the range of this standard when determined applicable for the casting service application. Section 10 addresses purchaser supplier requisites where weld repairs may be required.
Procedures for evaluation of production radiographs using applicable reference radiographs of this standard are prescribed in Section 9; however, there may be manufacturing-purchaser issues involving specific casting service applications where it may be appropriate to modify or alter such requirements. Where such modifications may be appropriate for the casting application, all such changes shall be called-out in the purchaser supplier agreement or contractual document.
The following ASTM specifications illustrate alloys covered by these standards; however, it is intended that these reference radiographs also apply to related government and commercial material specifications:
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Designation: E310 − 10
StandardReference Radiographs for
1
Tin Bronze Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E310; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.2.3.1 Ca—Linear shrinkage; severity levels 1 through 5
for up to and including 2 inches (50.8 mm). (Called “Code Ca
1.1 These reference radiographs illustrate various
discontinuity type” in previous revisions).
categories, types and severity levels of discontinuities occur-
1.2.3.2 Cd—Feathery and spongy shrinkage (see note 1);
ring in tin bronze and related alloy castings. The reference
severity levels 1 through 5 for up to and including 2 in. (50.8
radiograph films are an adjunct to this document and must be
mm). (Called “Code Cd discontinuity type in previous revi-
purchased separately from ASTM International if needed (see
sions).
2.2). Categories and severity levels for each discontinuity type
representedbythesereferenceradiographsaredescribedin1.2.
NOTE 2—The feathery shrinkage discontinuity type is used to illustrate
aggregate severity levels for either feathery or spongy shrinkage discon-
NOTE 1—The basis of application for these reference radiographs
tinuity types (see 6.1).
requires a prior purchaser supplier agreement of radiographic examination
attributes and classification criterion described in Sections 4, 7, 8, 9, and
1.2.4 Category D—Hot tear; one illustration (Called “Code
10 of this standard.
Da discontinuity type” in previous revisions).
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1.2 These reference radiographs consists of twenty-two 2 ⁄2
1.2.5 Category E—Inserts, chaplets; one illustration (Called
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by 5 ⁄2-in. (63.5 by 139.7-mm) nominal size reproductions
“Code Eb discontinuity type” in previous revisions).
originally exposed with low voltage X-rays. Fifteen of these
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
were produced with 1 in. (25.4 mm) plate castings and seven
as the standard.
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(sand inclusions, inserts, chaplets) were produced with ⁄4-in.
platecastingsoriginallyderivedforNAVSHIPS250-537-1and
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
-2.The1-in.platecastingscovergasporosity,linearshrinkage, safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and feathery shrinkage discontinuity types. The original radio-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
graphs illustrate discontinuities in sand cast 88:8:4 Cu-Sn-Zn, priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
“G” type, bronze alloy plates and are representative of those
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
found in wide solidification range copper-tin base alloys.
Following is a list of discontinuity categories, types and
2. Referenced Documents
severity levels for the adjunct reference radiographs of this
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
standard:
B61 Specification for Steam or Valve Bronze Castings
1.2.1 Category A—Gas porosity; severity levels 1 through 5
B62 Specification for Composition Bronze or Ounce Metal
for up to and including 2 in. (50.8 mm). (Called “Code A
Castings
discontinuity type” in previous revisions).
B271 Specification for Copper-BaseAlloy Centrifugal Cast-
1.2.2 Category B—Sand inclusions; severity levels 1
ings
through 5 for up to and including 2 in. (50.8 mm). (Called
B584 Specification for Copper Alloy Sand Castings for
“Code B discontinuity type” in previous revisions).
General Applications
1.2.3 Category C—Shrinkage; two types (Called “Code C
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
discontinuity type in previous revisions).
E242 Reference Radiographs for Appearances of Radio-
graphic Images as Certain Parameters are Changed
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
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These reference radiographs are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittees
E07.02 on Reference Radiological Images and Subcommittee E07.93 on Illustration
2
Monitoring. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E310 - 99(2004) . Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/E0310-10. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
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Designation:E310–99 (Reapproved 2004) Designation:E310–10
Standard Reference Radiographs for
1
Tin Bronze Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E310; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in May 2004.
1. Scope
1.1These reference radiographs are reproductions of original radiographs and illustrate various types and degrees of
discontinuities occurring in tin bronze and related types of alloys. The reference radiograph films are an adjunct to this document
and must be purchased separately from ASTM International if needed. They are intended to provide the following:
1.1.1A guide to the recognition of common discontinuities and their differentiation both as to type and severity level.
1.1.2A standard nomenclature for reference in acceptance standards, specifications and drawings.
1.1.3A source of reference radiographs from which manufacturers and purchasers may, by mutual agreement, select particular
radiographs to serve as standards representing minimum acceptability. The standards so established are identified by an alphabetic
defect type and severity level (or class) designation.
1.2The original radiographs are of discontinuities in sand cast 88:8:4 Cu-Sn-Zn, “G” type, bronze alloy plates. These
discontinuities are representative of those found in wide solidification range copper-tin base alloys. The following ASTM
specifications illustrate alloys covered by these standards; however, it is intended that these reference radiographs also apply to
related Government and commercial material specifications:
A
Valve bronze castings B61B61
B
Composition bronze or ounce metal castings B62B62
Tin bronze sand castings B584B584
Leaded red brass sand castings B584B584
Copper-base alloy centrifugal castings (as applicable) B271B271
A
Similar to MIL-B-16541.
B
Similar to MIL-B-16444.
1.3The discontinuity types and severity levels represented by the reference radiographs are shown in Table 1, which also
indicates the code designation for each discontinuity type.
1.4The use of this document is not intended to be restricted to the specific energy level or to the absolute thickness limits that
are contained in the document title. The title is intended to be descriptive and not restrictive. The document may be used, where
there is no other applicable document, for other energy levels or thicknesses, or both, for which it is found to be applicable and
for which agreement has been reached between purchaser and manufacturer.
1.1 These reference radiographs illustrate various categories, types and severity levels of discontinuities occurring in tin bronze
and related alloy castings. The reference radiograph films are an adjunct to this document and must be purchased separately from
ASTM International if needed (see 2.2). Categories and severity levels for each discontinuity type represented by these reference
radiographs are described in 1.2.
1
NOTE1—The reference radiographs consist of twenty-two 2 ⁄2 1—The basis of application for these reference radiographs requires a prior purchaser
supplier agreement of radiographic examination attributes and classification criterion described in Sections 4, 7, 8, 9, and 10 of this standard.
1 1
1.2 These reference radiographs consists of twenty-two 2 ⁄2 by 5 ⁄2-in. [63.5 by 139.7-mm] radiograph reproductions of low
3
voltage X rays. Fifteen of these were made with newly developed 1-in. [25.4 mm] plate castings and seven were made with ⁄4-in.
plate castings used originally for documents NAVSHIPS 250-537-1 and -2. The new plate castings cover Gas Porosity, Linear
Shrinkage, and Feathery Shrinkage discontinuity types.
1.5The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1
These reference radiographs are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittees E07.02 on
Reference Radiographs.
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E310-99. DOI: 10.1520/E0310-
99R04E01.on Reference Radiological Images and Subcommittee E07.93 on Illustration Monitoring.
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Current edition approved Jan.
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