ASTM D1014-02

Standard Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints and Coatings on Metal Substrates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures described in this practice are intended to aid in evaluating the performance of coatings on various metal panels including either new or previously rusted steel.
The relative durability of paints in outdoor exposures can be very different depending on the location of the exposure because of differences in solar radiation, time of wetness, temperature, pollutants, and other factors. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that results from one exposure in a single location will be useful for determining relative durability in a different location. Exposures in several locations with different climates which represent a broad range of anticipated service conditions are recommended.
4.2.1 Because of year-to-year climatological variations, results from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict the absolute rate at which a material degrades. Several years of repeat exposures are needed to get an “average” test result for a given location.
4.2.2 Solar radiation varies considerably as function of time of year. This can cause large differences in the apparent rate of degradation in many polymers. Comparing results for materials exposed for short periods (less than one year) is not recommended unless materials are exposed at the same time in the same location.
The Significance and Use in Practice G 7 addresses many variables to be considered in exterior exposure tests. Guide G 141 provides more information on variability in weathering testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures to be followed for direct exposure of exterior paints and coatings to the environment when applied to metal surfaces. When originators of a weathering test have the actual exposure conducted by a separate agency, the specific conditions for the exposure of test and control specimens should be clearly defined and mutually agreed upon between all parties.
1.2 Experience indicates that the metal used as a test substrate has a significant effect upon weathering results. The purpose of this practice is to define specific steel and other metal surfaces to be used for testing in order to minimize this source of variability.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-2002
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.27 - Accelerated Testing

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1014-95 - Standard Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints on Steel
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM D1014-09 - Standard Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints and Coatings on Metal Substrates (Withdrawn 2018)
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D1654-08(2016)e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D5324-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6675-23 - Standard Practice for Salt-Accelerated Outdoor Cosmetic Corrosion Testing of Organic Coatings on Automotive Sheet Steel
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D5146-10(2019) - Standard Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM G90-23 - Standard Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weathering of Materials Using Concentrated Natural Sunlight
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D333-01(2021) - Standard Guide for Clear and Pigmented Lacquers
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1014–02
Standard Practice for
Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints and Coatings
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on Metal Substrates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1014; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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1. Scope Related Coating Products
D 610 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on
1.1 Thispracticecoversprocedurestobefollowedfordirect
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Painted Steel Surfaces
exposure of exterior paints and coatings to the environment
D 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of
when applied to metal surfaces. When originators of a weath-
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Exterior Paints
ering test have the actual exposure conducted by a separate
D 661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of
agency, the specific conditions for the exposure of test and
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Exterior Paints
control specimens should be clearly defined and mutually
D 662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of
agreed upon between all parties.
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Exterior Paints
1.2 Experience indicates that the metal used as a test
D 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
substrate has a significant effect upon weathering results. The
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Paints
purpose of this practice is to define specific steel and other
D 772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking Scal-
metal surfaces to be used for testing in order to minimize this
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ing of Exterior Paints
source of variability.
D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
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of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
standard.
D 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
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a Ferrous Base
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D 1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
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ness of Organic Coatings
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D 1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of
2. Referenced Documents
DryFilmThicknessofNonconductiveCoatingsAppliedto
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a Nonferrous Metal Base
2.1 ASTM Standards:
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D 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
A 36 Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
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Differences of Diffusely Illuminated Opaque Materials
A 283/A 283M Specification for Low and Intermediate
2
D 1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and
Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates
4
Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
B 209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
3
D 2200 Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards for Painting
Sheet and Plate
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4
Steel Surfaces
B 449 Specification for Chromates on Aluminum
5
D 2201 Practice for Preparation of Zinc-Coated and Zinc-
D 523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
Alloy Coated Steel Panels for Testing Paint and Related
D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
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Coating Products
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
D 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
1
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Coordinates
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
D 2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.
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ence With a Gray Scale
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published February 2003. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D 1014 – 95.
D 2803 Guide for Testing Filiform Corrosion Resistance of
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.04.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.02.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.
5 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D1014–02
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Organic Coatings on Metal 5. Materials Used for Test Specimens
D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape
5.1 A minimum of two and preferably four test specimens
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Test
shall be used to evaluate the performance of any paint system.
D 4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalk-
5.2 The surface preparation shall be the same for all test
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ing of Exterior Paint Films
panels in the test program unless surface preparation is one o
...