ASTM E1808-96

Standard Guide for Designing and Conducting Visual Experiments

SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to help the user decide on the type of viewing conditions, visual scaling methods, and analysis that should be used to obtain reliable visual data.  
1.2 This guide is intended to illustrate the techniques that lead to visual observations that can be correlated with objective instrumental measurements of appearance attributes of objects. The establishment of both parts of such correlations is an objective of Committee E-12.  
1.3 Among ASTM standards making use of visual observations are Practices D1535, D1729, D3134, D4086, and E1478; Test Methods D2616, D3928, and D4449; and Guide E1499.  
1.4 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-May-1996
• ICS: 17.180.99 - Other standards related to optics and optical measurements
• Technical Committee: E12 - Color and Appearance
• Drafting Committee: E12.11 - Visual Methods

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E1808-96(2003) - Standard Guide for Designing and Conducting Visual Experiments
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1808–96
Standard Guide for
1
Designing and Conducting Visual Experiments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1808; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ε) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 1499 Guide to the Selection, Evaluation, and Training of
2
Observers
1.1 Thisguideisintendedtohelptheuserdecideonthetype
of viewing conditions, visual scaling methods, and analysis
3. Terminology
that should be used to obtain reliable visual data.
3.1 The terms and definitions in Terminology E 284 are
1.2 This guide is intended to illustrate the techniques that
applicable to this guide.
leadtovisualobservationsthatcanbecorrelatedwithobjective
3.2 Definitions:
instrumental measurements of appearance attributes of objects.
3.2.1 appearance, n—in psychophysical studies, perception
The establishment of both parts of such correlations is an
inwhichthespectralandgeometricaspectsofavisualstimulus
objective of Committee E-12.
are integrated with its illuminating and viewing environment.
1.3 AmongASTM standards making use of visual observa-
3.2.2 observer, n—one who judges visually, qualitatively or
tions are Practices D 1535, D 1729, D 3134, D 4086, and
quantitatively, the content of one or more appearance attributes
E 1478;Test Methods D 2616, D 3928, and D 4449; and Guide
in each member of a set of stimuli.
E 1499.
3.2.3 sample, n—a small part or portion of a material or
1.4 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety
product intended to be representative of the whole.
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
3.2.4 scale, v—to assess the content of one or more appear-
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
ance attributes in the members of a set of stimuli.
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Alternatively, scales may be deter-
limitations prior to use.
mined by assessing the difference in content of an attribute
2. Referenced Documents with respect to the differences in that attribute among the
members of the set.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.5 specimen, n—a piece or portion of a sample used to
D 1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell Sys-
2
make a test.
tem
3.2.6 stimulus, n—any action or condition that has the
D 1729 Practice for Visual Examination of Color Differ-
2
potential for evoking a response.
ences of Opaque Materials
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
D 2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
2
3.3.1 anchor, n—the stimulus from which a just-perceptible
ence with a Gray Scale
difference is measured.
D 3134 Practice for Establishing Color and Gloss Toler-
2
3.3.2 anchor pair, n—apairofstimulidifferingbyadefined
ances
amount, to which the difference between two test stimuli is
D 3928 Test Method for Evaluation of Gloss or Sheen
2
compared.
Uniformity
2 3.3.3 interval scale, n—a scale having equal intervals be-
D 4086 Practice for Visual Evaluation of Metamerism
tween elements.
D 4449 Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differ-
2
3.3.3.1 Discussion—Logical operations such as greater-
ences Between Surfaces of Similar Appearance
2
than, less-than, equal-to, and addition and subtraction can be
E 284 Terminology of Appearance
performed with interval-scale data.
E 1478 Practice for Visual Color Evaluation of Transparent
2
3.3.4 law of comparative judgments—an equation relating
Sheet Materials
the proportion of times any stimulus is judged greater, accord-
ing to some attribute, than any other stimulus in terms of
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-12 on Appearance
just-perceptible differences.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.11 on Visual Methods.
3.3.5 nominal scale, n—scale in which items are scaled
Current edition approved May 10, 1996. Published July 1996.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. simply by name.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E1808
3.3.5.1 Discussion—Only naming can be performed with notpossible,thelightsourceshouldbeidentifiedastotypeand
nominal-scale data. manufacturer. Information such as daylight-corrected fluores-
3.3.6 ordinal scale, n—a scale in which elements are sorted cent light, warm-white fluorescent light, daylight-filtered in-
in order based on more or less of a particular attribute. candescent light, incandescent light, etc., together with param-
3.3.6.1 Discussion—Logical operations such as greater- eters such as correlated col
...