ASTM D8126-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Efficient Basicity Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration
Standard Test Method for Efficient Basicity Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Lubricants can contain basic constituents that are present as additives. The relative amount of these materials can be determined by titration with acids. The base number is a measurement of the amount of basic substances in the oil under the conditions of the testing procedure.
5.2 A primary objective of a marine cylinder lubricant is the neutralization of sulfuric acid, produced during fuel combustion, to protect the engine from corrosion. The EBas method characterizes the more efficient basic species of the lubricant reacting with acids from the beginning of the neutralization (when the lubricant milieu is basic) until an equilibrium state where the lubricant becomes slightly acidic. The use of hydrochloric acid (HCl) allows differentiating basicities of various strengths during titration.
5.3 In marine lubricants, the constituents that can be considered to have basic properties are primarily organic and inorganic bases coming from the detergent. Basicity can also be brought to the lubricant by other components including dispersants, amino compounds, or any organic basic components. This test method uses the same titration system as that of Test Method D4739, however the evaluation and interpretation of the titration result is different. The hydrochloric acid is used as the titrant in this test method and Test Method D4739, whereas Test Method D2896 uses a stronger acid, perchloric acid. While all three methods can be considered as complementary to evaluate the basicity of lubricants, this test method is only used for marine cylinder lubricants.
5.4 This test method measures only the efficient basicity of the lubricant, which represents only the part of the total basicity, until the point of which the lubricant becomes slightly acidic. It will depend on the components of the formulation itself. In that respect, the EBas cannot be compared to base number given by Test Methods D4739 or D2896. The EBas is then complementary information to the base numbe...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the efficient basicity (EBas) in new marine cylinder lubricants that lubricate the upper part, that is, piston-ring-cylinder area, of two-stroke marine engines.
1.2 This test method has been developed for marine cylinder lubricants, having base number (BN) (measured by Test Method D2896) from 20 mg KOH/g to 100 mg KOH/g, and an EBas from 10 mg KOH/g to 36 mg KOH/g.
1.3 In this test method, only the efficient basicity is determined, corresponding to the components or part of components that have a major role in neutralization of the acidic species formed in the combustion of the fuel in the marine engine. It differentiates between the fastest reacting species and the last one to react like overbasing compounds in detergent (classically mineral calcium carbonate, CaCO3). The values obtained, however, are intended to be compared with the other values obtained by this test method only; base numbers obtained by this test method are not intended to be equal to values by other test methods.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Sections 6 and 7.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8126 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Efficient Basicity Determination by Potentiometric
1
Hydrochloric Acid Titration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8126; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determina- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion of the efficient basicity (EBas) in new marine cylinder D1193Specification for Reagent Water
lubricants that lubricate the upper part, that is, piston-ring- D2896TestMethodforBaseNumberofPetroleumProducts
cylinder area, of two-stroke marine engines. by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.2 Thistestmethodhasbeendevelopedformarinecylinder
Petroleum Products
lubricants, having base number (BN) (measured by Test
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
MethodD2896)from20mgKOH/gto100mgKOH⁄g,andan
Petroleum Products
EBas from 10mg KOH/g to 36mg KOH/g.
D4739Test Method for Base Number Determination by
1.3 In this test method, only the efficient basicity is
Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration
determined, corresponding to the components or part of com-
D6300Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
ponents that have a major role in neutralization of the acidic
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products,
species formed in the combustion of the fuel in the marine
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
engine.Itdifferentiatesbetweenthefastestreactingspeciesand
the last one to react like overbasing compounds in detergent
3. Terminology
(classically mineral calcium carbonate, CaCO ). The values
3
3.1 Definitions:
obtained, however, are intended to be compared with the other
3.1.1 base number, n—the quantity of a specified acid,
values obtained by this test method only; base numbers
expressed in terms of the equivalent number of milligrams of
obtained by this test method are not intended to be equal to
potassium hydroxide per gram of sample, required to titrate a
values by other test methods.
sample in a specified solvent to a specified endpoint using a
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
specified detection system.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.2 effıcient basicity, EBas, n—the quantity of hydrochlo-
standard.
ric acid, expressed in terms of the equivalent number of
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
milligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram of sample, re-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
quired to neutralize the basic components, which are organic
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
species, of the tested lubricant in a specified solvent to a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
specified buffer endpoint using a specified detection system.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Some specific hazards statements are given in Sections 6 and 7.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1 The sample is dissolved in a mixture of toluene,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol), chloroform, and a small
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
amount of water and titrated potentiometrically with alcoholic
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
hydrochloric acid solution. The test results of this procedure
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
are obtained by titration mode of fixed increment and fixed
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
time additions of the titrant. An endpoint is selected from a
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D8126–17. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D8126-21. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8126 − 17 D8126 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Efficient Basicity Determination by Potentiometric
1
Hydrochloric Acid Titration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8126; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the efficient basicity (EBas) in new marine cylinder lubricants
that lubricate the upper part, that is, piston-ring-cylinder area, of two-stroke marine engines.
1.2 This test method has been developed for marine cylinder lubricants, having base number (BN) (measured by Test Method
D2896) from 20 mg KOH/g to 100 mg KOH ⁄g, and an EBas from 10 mg KOH/g to 36 mg KOH/g.
1.3 In this test method, only the efficient basicity is determined, corresponding to the components or part of components that have
a major role in neutralization of the acidic species formed in the combustion of the fuel in the marine engine. It differentiates
between the fastest reacting species and the last one to react like overbasing compounds in detergent (classically mineral calcium
carbonate, CaCO ). The values obtained, however, are intended to be compared with the other values obtained by this test method
3
only; base numbers obtained by this test method are not intended to be equal to values by other test methods.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Sections 6 and 7.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants.
Current edition approved July 1, 2017Nov. 1, 2021. Published September 2017November 2021. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
D8126 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D8126-17.10.1520/D8126-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D8126 − 21
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and
Lubricants
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 base number, n—the quantity of a specified acid, expressed in terms of the equivalent number of milligrams of potassium
hydroxide per gram of sample, required to titrate a sample in a specified solvent to a specified endpoint using a specified detection
system.
3.1.2 effıcient basicity, EBas, n—the quantity of hydrochloric acid, expressed in terms of the equivalent number of milligrams of
potassium hydroxide per gram of sample, required to neutralize the basic components, which are organic species, of the tested
lubricant in a specified solvent to a specified buffer endpoint using a specified detection system.
4. Summ
...
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