ASTM D3575-00
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials Made From Olefin Polymers
Standard Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials Made From Olefin Polymers
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods apply to flexible closed cell materials made from olefin polymers or blends of olefin polymers with other polymers as defined in Section 3.
1.2 This test method covers test procedures only. Product requirements are outlined in Specification D4819.
1.3 Unless specifically stated otherwise, by agreement between the purchaser and supplier, all tests shall be performed in accordance with the test methods specified in this standard.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability or regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 3575 – 00
Standard Test Methods for
Flexible Cellular Materials Made From Olefin Polymers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3575; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Vinyl Chloride Polymers and Copolymers (Closed-Cell
Foam)
1.1 These test methods apply to flexible closed cell materi-
D 2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen
als made from olefin polymers or blends of olefin polymers
Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of
with other polymers as defined in Section 3.
Plastics (Oxygen Index)
1.2 This test method covers test procedures only. Product
D 4483 Practice for Determining Precision for Test Method
requirements are outlined in Specification D 4819.
Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Industries
1.3 Unless specifically stated otherwise, by agreement be-
D 4819 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials Made
tween the purchaser and supplier, all tests shall be performed in
from Polyolefin Plastics
accordance with the test methods specified in this standard.
F 355 Test Method for Shock-Absorbing Properties of Play-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
ing Surface Systems and Materials
standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 blend—mixture of olefin polymers with other mono-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
mer(s) or polymer(s) in which at least 51 mass percent is the
bility or regulatory limitations prior to use.
olefin polymer.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.2 cellular material, flexible—a cellular organic poly-
meric material that will not rupture when a specimen 200 by 25
2.1 ASTM Standards:
by 25 mm (8 by 1 by 1 in.) is bent around a 25-mm (1-in.)
C 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
diameter mandrel at a uniform rate of one lap in5sata
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
temperature between 18 and 29°C.
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
3.1.3 constant compression creep—the time-dependent
C 518 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
change in thickness of a material under a constant compressive
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
stress or compression force.
the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
3.1.4 olefin polymers—polymers made by the polymeriza-
D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-
tion of olefins or copolymerization of olefins with other
plastic Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
monomers, the olefins being at least 51 mass percent.
D 624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional
Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers
4. Summary of Test Methods
D 1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—
4 4.1 Table 1 contains a list of all the assigned suffix letters
Sponge or Expanded Rubber
that may be used in describing the cellular products covered by
D 1349 Practice for Rubber—Standard Temperatures for
3 these test methods.
Testing
4.2 These test methods do not contain test methods for all
D 1596 Test Method for Absorbing Shock Cushioning
5 the suffix letters listed in Table 1. Where the test method is not
Characteristics of Package Cushioning Materials
included, it shall be arranged between the purchaser and
D 1667 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—
supplier.
4.3 Test methods included in this standard are indicated in
Table 1 by showing the applicable section numbers after the
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
suffix letter.
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular
4.4 In cases involving referee decisions, SI units shall be
Plastics.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2000. Published November 2000. Originally used.
published as D 3575 – 77. Last previous edition D 3575 – 93.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
3 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
4 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
5 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.07.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3575
TABLE 1 Suffix Letter Designations
article is of complicated shape or of varying thickness, and
these factors affect the physical properties of the specimens.
NOTE 1—These suffix letters have been assigned by Subcommittee
Also, the apparent density is affected by the number of cut
D11.33 and are consistent with those in Specifications D 1056 and
D 1667. surfaces as opposed to the number of skin-covered surfaces on
the test specimen.
Suffix
Property Section
Letter
6.4 When the finished product does not lend itself to testing
A Heat resistance 10-16 or to the taking of test specimens because of complicated
B Compression set under constant deflection
shape, small size, metal or fabric inserts, solid covers, adhesion
C Ozone or weather resistance
to metal, or other reasons, prepare standard test sheets. When
D Compression deflection 17-23
E Oil resistance differences due to the difficulty in obtaining suitable test
F Low temperature
specimens from the finished part arise, the manufacturer and
G Tear resistance 24
purchaser may agree on acceptable deviations. This can be
H Flex resistance
I Not assigned because of similarity to done by comparing the results of standard test specimens and
numeral 1
those obtained on actual parts.
J Abrasion resistance
6.5 If the material to be tested is anisotropic, prepare the test
K Adhesion capability
L Water absorption 25-29
specimens so as to measure the property in the direction of
M Flammability resistance 31
interest in the application.
N Impact resistance
O Electrical properties
P Staining resistance 7. Conditioning
Q Not assigned because of similarity to
7.1 Conduct tests under known conditions of temperature
letter O
and humidity or as specified in the individual test procedure. In
R1 Resilience
R2 Energy absorption 32
case of dispute, conduct the test at a temperature of 23 6 2°C
S Thermal stability 33-39
(73.4 6 3.6°F) and in an atmosphere of 50 6 5 % relative
T Tensile strength and elongation 40
U Not assigned humidity. The product shall be conditioned, undeflected, and
V Thermal conductivity 41 and 42
undistorted, at the temperature and humidity of test for at least
W Density 43
24 h before being tested.
X Not assigned
Y Not assigned 7.2 It is recommended, for referee purposes, that all tests
Z Special requirements
shall be performed 96 h or more after the foam has been
AA Buoyancy 45-50
manufactured.
BB Constant compressive creep 51-58
CC Dynamic cushioning 59
DD Open cell
8. Measurement of Test Specimens
EE Not assigned
8.1 Measure dimensions up to and including 25 mm (1 in.)
FF Water vapor transmission
using a dial-type gage with a minimum foot area of 650 mm
(1 in. ). Pressure on the foot shall be held to 190 6 50 Pa
(0.028 6 0.007 psi).
5. Significance and Use
NOTE 1—Where foam is appreciably compressed by this test method,
5.1 The test procedures provide a standard method of
foot area and loading shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser and
obtaining data for research and development, quality control,
the supplier.
acceptance and rejection under specifications, and special
NOTE 2—Thickness of materials having irregular surface characteristics
purposes.
shall be measured as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
5.2 The data obtained by these test methods are applicable
8.2 Dimensions over 25 mm (1 in.) may be measured with
to the material under conditions of the particular test and are
a dial gage, scale, or tape. Take care not to distort the test
not necessarily the same as obtained in other environments or
specimen.
use conditions.
8.3 The scale, tape, or gage shall be graduated to permit
6. Sampling measurements within 61 % of the dimension to be measured.
8.4 Results reported shall be the average of a minimum of
6.1 When possible, use the completed manufactured prod-
three equally spaced measurements of length and width and for
uct for the tests specified. Randomly select representative
thickness shall be the average of the center and four equally
samples of the lot being examined, as required.
spaced measurements around the perimeter of the specimens.
6.2 Extruded or molded shapes or sizes too small for cutting
standard test specimens are difficult to classify or test by these
9. Precision
test methods and will usually require special testing procedures
9.1 The repeatability standard deviations for each test
or the use of standard test sheets.
method has been determined. The reproducibility of these test
6.3 When it is necessary or advisable to obtain test speci-
methods is being determined and will be available on or before
mens from the article, as in those cases where the entire sample
April 2005.
is not required or adaptable for testing, specify the method of
cutting and the exact position from which specimens are to be
NOTE 3—The repeatability study was performed on two materials in
taken. The apparent density and the state of crosslinking may
two laboratories. For density (Method B), buoyancy, and compression
vary in different parts of the finished product, especially if the creep, the material tested was a typical 64-kg/m density, crosslinked
D 3575
closed-cell olefin. For density (Method A), compression deflection,
C = compression set expressed as a percent of the origi-
d
thermal stability, and water absorption, the material tested was a typical
nal thickness,
32-kg/m density, crosslinked closed-cell olefin.
t = original thickness, mm (in.), and
o
t = thickness of the specimen after the specified recovery
Suffix Tests f
period, mm. (in.)
Suffix B—Compression Set Under Constant Deflection
16. Report
10. Scope
16.1 Report the average compression set value, of the three
10.1 This test method covers the deflection of the foam
specimens tested, for each sample, except as noted in 14.1.
specimen under a compressive force and under specified
conditions of time and temperature, then noting the effect on
17. Precision
the thickness of the specimen after releasing the compressive
17.1 The repeatability standard deviation has been deter-
force.
mined to be 2.06. The reproducibility of this test method is
being determined and will be available on or before April 2005.
11. Apparatus
Values of data ranged from 14.36 to 21.37.
11.1 Compression Device, consisting of two or more flat
Compression Set
plates arranged so the plates are held parallel to each other by
1 14.36
bolts or clamps, and the space between the plates is adjustable
2 14.89
to the required deflection thickness by means of spacers.
3 15.03
4 15.2
5 15.22
12. Test Specimens
6 15.45
12.1 The test specimens shall have parallel top and bottom
7 15.66
8 16.94
surfaces and essentially perpendicular sides.
9 17.45
12.2 Specimens shall be 50 by 50 by 25 mm (2 by 2 by 1 in.)
10 21.37
unless otherwise specified. Specimens less than 25 mm in
Average 16.157
thickness shall be plied up, without the use of an adhesive, to
Standard deviation 2.06
produce a total thickness of 25 mm.
Suffix D—Compression Deflection (Also called Load
NOTE 4—To obtain accurate data when testing foams with large cells or
Deflection or Compressive Strength)
irregular surfaces, or both, larger samples approximately 100 by 100 by 25
mm (4 by 4 by 1 in.) are recommended.
18. Scope
13. Number of Specimens
18.1 This test method covers the measurement of the force
necessary to produce a 25 % compression over the entire top
13.1 Test three specimens for each sample. The values
area of the foam specimen.
reported shall be the mean of those observed. If any value
deviates more than 20 % from this mean, test two additional
NOTE 6—Compression deflection tests other than at 25 % may be
specimens and report the mean for all five values.
specified as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
19. Apparatus
14. Procedure
19.1 An apparatus shall be provided having a flat compres-
14.1 Perform the entire test procedure at 23 6 2°C (73.4 6
sion foot, larger than the specimen to be tested, connected to a
3.6°F) and in an atmosphere of 50 6 5 % relative humidity.
force-measuring device and mounted in a manner such that the
NOTE 5—See Practice D 1349 if conditions other than these are desired.
product or specimen can be deflected (compressed) at a speed
14.2 Measure the test specimen original thickness (t )in
o of 0.2 to 4 mm/s (0.5 to 2 in./min). The apparatus shall be
accordance with the procedure in Section 8.
arranged to support the specimen on a level horizontal plate.
14.3 Place the test specimen in the apparatus and compres-
sively deflect it to 50 % of its thickness. 20. Test Specimens
14.4 Allow the test specimen to remain deflected in the
20.1 The test specimen shall be a right cylinder with parallel
apparatus for 22 h.
top and bottom surfaces. The thickness shall be no greater than
14.5 Remove the specimen from the test apparatus at the
75 % of the minimum top dimension.
2 2
end of the 22-h period. Measure the final thickness ( t ) after 24
20.2 Specimens shall be a minimum of 2500 mm (4 in. )in
f
h of recovery.
area and have a minimum thickness of 25 mm (1 in.).
Specimens less than 25 mm thick shall be plied up, without the
15. Calculation
use of cement, to a minimum of 25 mm.
15.1 Calculate the constant deflection compression set,
NOTE 7—Specimens less than 25 mm (1 in.) thick may be tested
expressed as a percentage of the original thickness, as follows:
without being plied up, but the thickness must be specified.
t – t
~ !
o f
C 5 3 100 (1)
d 21. Number of Specimens
t
o
21.1 Test three specimens for each sample. The values
where:
reported shall be the mean of those observed. If any value
D 3575
deviates more than 20 % from this mean, test two additional Suffix G—Tear Resistance, Test Method D 624
specimens and report the mean for all five values.
26. Test Method D 624
26.1 Die C shall be used.
22. Procedure
26.2 Test the material at the thickness to be supplied, unless
22.1 Place the specimen centered in the line of the axial load
otherwise arranged by agreement between the purchaser and
on the supporting plate of the apparatus.
the supplier.
22.2 Brin
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.