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ASTM D4849-13

(Terminology)

Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers

Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers

SCOPE
1.1 This standard is a compilation of terminology developed by Committee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.  
1.1.1 This terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to fibers and yarns used in the textile industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
1.1.2 Subcommittee D13.58 has jurisdictional responsibility for every item in this standard. The standards in which the terms and definitions are used are listed by number after the definition. The wording of an entry cannot be changed without the approval of 13.58 subcommittee. Any changes approved by the subcommittee and main committee are then directed to subcommittee D13.92 on Terminology for subsequent changes or additions to Terminology D123.  
1.1.3 This terminology standard is not all inclusive of the terms under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee D13.58. Other terminology standards under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee D13.58 are D3888, D4466, and D4848.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2013
ICS
59.080.20 - Yarns
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4849-02B(2007)e3 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Replaced By
ASTM D4849-13e1 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Referred By
ASTM D1425/D1425M-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Evenness of Textile Strands Using Capacitance Testing Equipment
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Referred By
ASTM D1907/D1907M-12(2018) - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Referred By
ASTM D2591-07(2020) - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Short Length Specimens)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Referred By
ASTM D6197-99(2017) - Standard Test Method for Classifying and Counting Faults in Spun Yarns in Electronic Tests
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Referred By
ASTM D5035-11(2019) - Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Referred By
ASTM D2258/D2258M-16(2022) - Standard Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Referred By
ASTM D3693-02(2021) - Standard Specification for Labeled Length per Holder of Sewing Thread
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Referred By
ASTM D3883-04(2020) - Standard Test Method for Yarn Crimp and Yarn Take-up in Woven Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Referred By
ASTM D3513-02(2018) - Standard Test Method for Overlength Fiber Content of Manufactured Staple Fiber
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Referred By
ASTM D4724/D4724M-21 - Standard Test Method for Entanglements in Filament Yarns by Needle Insertion
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Referred By
ASTM D861-07(2018) - Standard Practice for Use of the Tex System to Designate Linear Density of Fibers, Yarn Intermediates, and Yarns
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Referred By
ASTM D3333-07(2018) - Standard Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers, Sliver, or Tow for Testing
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Referred By
ASTM D6587-12(2018) - Standard Test Method for Yarn Number Using Automatic Tester
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013

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ASTM D4849-13 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and FibersASTM D4849-13 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
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ASTM D4849-13 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
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REDLINE ASTM D4849-13 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and FibersREDLINE ASTM D4849-13 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
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REDLINE ASTM D4849-13 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4849 − 13
StandardTerminology Related to
1
Yarns and Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4849; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1425 TestMethodforUnevennessofTextileStrandsUsing
Capacitance Testing Equipment
1.1 Thisstandardisacompilationofterminologydeveloped
D1577 Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
by Committee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
D1578 Test Method for Breaking Strength of Yarn in Skein
1.1.1 This terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to
Form
fibers and yarns used in the textile industry. Terms that are
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Num-
generally understood or adequately defined in other readily
ber) by the Skein Method
available sources are not included.
D2102 Test Method for Shrinkage of Textile Fibers (Bundle
1.1.2 SubcommitteeD13.58hasjurisdictionalresponsibility
Test)
for every item in this standard. The standards in which the
D2255 Test Method for Grading SpunYarns forAppearance
terms and definitions are used are listed by number after the
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
definition. The wording of an entry cannot be changed without
D2259 Test Method for Shrinkage of Yarns
the approval of 13.58 subcommittee.Any changes approved by
D2260 Tables of Conversion Factors and Equivalent Yarn
the subcommittee and main committee are then directed to
Numbers Measured in Various Numbering Systems
subcommittee D13.92 on Terminology for subsequent changes
D2402 Test Method for Water Retention of Textile Fibers
or additions to Terminology D123.
(Centrifuge Procedure)
1.1.3 This terminology standard is not all inclusive of the
D2612 Test Method for Fiber Cohesion in Sliver and Top
terms under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee D13.58. Other
(Static Tests)
terminology standards under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee
D2494 Test Method for Commercial Mass of a Shipment of
D13.58 are D3888, D4466, and D4848.
Yarn or Manufactured Staple Fiber or Tow
2. Referenced Documents D2645 Tolerances for Yarns Spun on the Cotton or Worsted
2 Systems
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2644 Tolerances for Yarns Spun on the Woolen System
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D3106 Test Method for Permanent Deformation of Elasto-
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
meric Yarns
D861 PracticeforUseoftheTexSystemtoDesignateLinear
D3108 Test Method for Coefficient of Friction,Yarn to Solid
Density of Fibers, Yarn Intermediates, and Yarns
Material
D204 Test Methods for Sewing Threads
D3128 Specification for 2-Methoxyethanol
D1059 Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-
3 D3217 Test Methods for BreakingTenacity of Manufactured
Length Specimens (Withdrawn 2010)
Textile Fibers in Loop or Knot Configurations
D1244 Practice for Designation of Yarn Construction
D3218 Specification for Polyolefin Monofilaments
D1422 Test Method for Twist in Single Spun Yarns by the
D3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers,
Untwist-Retwist Method
Sliver, or Tow for Testing
D1423 Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting
D3334 Test Method for Fabrics Woven from Polyolefin
3
Monofilaments (Withdrawn 1989)
1 D3412 Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Yarn
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
D3513 Test Method for Overlength Fiber Content of Manu-
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013 Published October 2013 Originally
factured Staple Fiber
ε3
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4849–02b (2007) .
D3693 Specification for Labeled Length per Holder of
DOI: 10.1520/D4849-13.
2
Sewing Thread
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D3822 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Fibers
the ASTM website.
3
D3823 Practice for DeterminingTicket Numbers for Sewing
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. Threads
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4849 − 13
D3888 Terminology for Yarn Spinning Systems bench marks, n—marks placed on a specimen to define gage
D3937 Test Method for Crimp Frequency of Manufactured length, that is, the portion of the specimen that will be
evaluated in a specific test. D76
Staple Fibers
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´3
Designation: D4849 − 02b (Reapproved 2007) D4849 − 13
Standard Terminology Related to
1
Yarns and Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4849; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—This terminology was udpated editorially with terms from Subcommittee D13.58 standards in September 2011.
2
ε NOTE—This terminology was udpated editorially with terms from D2258 in May 2012.
3
ε NOTE—The terms “lot” and “lot sample” were removed and terms from D1422 were updated editorially in September
2013.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard is a compilation of terminology developed by Committee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
1.1.1 This terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to fibers and yarns used in the textile industry. Terms that are generally
understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.
1.1.2 Subcommittee D13.58 has jurisdictional responsibility for every item in this standard. The standards in which the terms
and definitions are used are listed by number after the definition. The wording of an entry cannot be changed without the approval
of 13.58 subcommittee. Any changes approved by the subcommittee and main committee are then directed to subcommittee
D13.92 on Terminology for subsequent changes or additions to Terminology D123.
1.1.3 This terminology standard is not all inclusive of the terms under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee D13.58. Other
terminology standards under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee D13.58 are D3888, D4466, and D4848.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D861 Practice for Use of the Tex System to Designate Linear Density of Fibers, Yarn Intermediates, and Yarns
D204 Test Methods for Sewing Threads
3
D1059 Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens (Withdrawn 2010)
D1244 Practice for Designation of Yarn Construction
D1422 Test Method for Twist in Single Spun Yarns by the Untwist-Retwist Method
D1423 Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting
D1425 Test Method for Unevenness of Textile Strands Using Capacitance Testing Equipment
D1577 Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
D1578 Test Method for Breaking Strength of Yarn in Skein Form
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
D2102 Test Method for Shrinkage of Textile Fibers (Bundle Test)
D2255 Test Method for Grading Spun Yarns for Appearance
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
D2259 Test Method for Shrinkage of Yarns
D2260 Tables of Conversion Factors and Equivalent Yarn Numbers Measured in Various Numbering Systems
D2402 Test Method for Water Retention of Textile Fibers (Centrifuge Procedure)
D2612 Test Method for Fiber Cohesion in Sliver and Top (Static Tests)
D2494 Test Method for Commercial Mass of a Shipment of Yarn or Manufactured Staple Fiber or Tow
D2645 Tolerances for Yarns Spun on the Cotton or Worsted Systems
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
Current edition approved July 1, 2007Oct. 1, 2013 Published August 2007October 2013 Originally approved in 1988. Discontinued June 1992 and reinstated as D4849–02.
ε2ε3
Last previous edition approved in 20022007 as D4849–02b (2007) . DOI: 10.1520/D4849-02BR07E03.10.1520/D4849-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4849 − 13
D2644 Tolerances for Yarns Spun on the Woolen System
D3106 Test Method for Permanent Deformation of Elastomeric Yarns
D3108 Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Solid Material
D3128 Specification for 2-Methoxyethanol
D3217 Test Methods for Breaking Tenacity of Manufactured Textile Fibers in Loop or Knot Configurations
D3218 Specification for Polyole
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D1423 for testing twist in yarns by direct-counting is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum use the samples for such comparative tests as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material that resulted in the disparate test results and randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 The determination of twist in a straight section of a yarn is not the simple straightforward operation it appears to be, for the test results may be greatly influenced by variations in test procedures and techniques. In all manipulations, extreme care is necessary to prevent specimen rotation altering the twist level before testing begins.  
5.3 The twist in a yarn before it is packaged may be different from that of the yarn after it has been withdrawn from the package because of changes in tension and the effect of the method of withdrawal. If the yarn is withdrawn over-end, a slight increase or decrease in twist will take place, depending upon the direction of the twist in the yarn, the direction of winding on the package, and the length of the wrap on the package.  
5.4 When a yarn is incorporated into or removed from a more complex structure, alterations may occur as a result of ...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount and direction of twist at the completion of any stage of twisting in single (spun or filament), plied, cabled, or novelty (exclusive of long-term repeat patterns) yarns. The procedures are designed primarily for yarns in packages, but, with special precautions, they are applicable to yarns taken from fabrics. The procedure for spun yarn in 9.2 is also applicable to rovings.  
1.2 For plied yarns, this test method covers the determination of the twist of the plied yarns and the twist of the single yarn before plying. For cabled yarns, the test method covers the determination of the cable or hawser twist; the twist of the plied yarn after plying, but prior to the last twisting operation; and the twist of the single yarn before plying. Procedures are also included for the determination of the twists of the single and plied yarn components as they lie in the final structure. Also, directions are included for the determination of twist in plied yarn made with direct cabling technology.  
1.3 This test method is not intended for yarns that extend more than 5.0 % when tension is increased from 2.5 to 7.5 mN/tex [0.25 to 0.75 gf/tex]. Following the procedures of this test method for such yarns would be independent of the bias and precision determined for this test method. The report from such testing should include the tension used for this testing.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 1: For a more rapid but less accurate method of determining twist in single spun yarns, refer to Test Method D1422.
Note 2: This test method has been evaluated for use in de...

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ASTM D6612-00(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Yarn Number and Yarn Number Variability Using Automated Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D6612 for yarn number and yarn number variability is satisfactory for acceptance of commercial shipments and is used in the trade.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for each comparative tests should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that results in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established tests values are used for this purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.1.2 The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.  
5.2 Test Method D6612 also is used for the quality control of filament yarns.  
5.3 Indices of Variability:  
5.3.1 Coefficient of Variation—%CV is a standard statistical calculation and is the most common index of yarn unevenness. For most textile applications in the 80 to 330 dtex (70 to 300 denier) range, a 1.0 to 1.3 %CV is adequate. %CV of yarns coarser than 666 dtex (600 denier) is not routine and usually not meaningful. %CV is less discriminating that %DS.  
5.3.2 Bad/Good Test—%BGT...
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of yarn number up to 4000 dtex (3600 denier) and related variability properties of filament and spun yarns using an automated tester with capability for measuring mass variability characteristics.  
1.2 Yarn number variability properties include percent density spread (%DS), coefficient of variation (%CV), density frequency variation.  
Note 1: For determination of yarn number by use of reel and balance, refer to Test Method D1907. For another method of measuring variability (unevenness) in yarn, refer to Test Method D1425.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore to ensure conformance with this standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2258/D2258M-16(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assigning a value to any property of the material in a container or in a lot, consignment, or delivery involves a measurement process that includes both sampling and testing procedures. The correctness of the value assigned depends upon the variability due to testing and sampling plan. Even when the variability due to testing is minimized by carefully developed procedures, correct and consistent estimates of the true value of the property are possible only when the sampling procedure avoids systematic bias, minimizes variations due to sampling, and provides a laboratory sample of adequate size.  
5.2 Practice D2258 may not give the most efficient sampling plan that might be devised in special situations but does present a general procedure that gives satisfactory precision with an economical amount of sampling. Many plans that include stratified sampling can be found in textbooks and through the use of statistical software tools and calculators.  
5.2.1 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define suitable production lots based on one or more of the following: supply lot, production shift/time segment, production equipment or production line, operator, designated shipment, production run, or a combination herein.  
5.2.2 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define sampling and testing frequency based on the following: process capability or capability analysis, historical trends, level of detection rate required, confidence level requirements, known variations or special causes, or both. Every attempt to ensure conforming product is being produced, identify potential nonconforming product or proper isolation and identification, will be carried out by the manufacturer.  
5.2.3 Sampling count and number of specimens will be based on standard practice listed within the document. Increase or decrease in count or frequency might be applied based on typical standard deviation, precision and confidence level, Measurement System...
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1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the division of shipments of yarn into test lots and the sampling of such lots for testing.  
1.1.1 This practice can be used for lot sample testing of yarns for both pre-fabric production and post-fabric production.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to single, plied, or cabled yarns, and cords, made of any fiber or mixture of fibers, and supported on any form of package, including beams.  
1.3 This practice also describes procedures for the sampling of yarn(s) removed from woven or knitted fabrics; however, when thus sampled, the yarns are usually not representative of entire shipments, as referred to in 1.1. Consequently, the resultant sampling can only be used to determine the characteristics of the yarn and is usually not used for acceptance testing. Moreover, it should be recognized that the characteristics of yarns from fabrics may be different than the characteristics of the same yarn(s), prior to being entered into the fabric manufacturing process.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical...

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ASTM D3693-02(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Labeled Length per Holder of Sewing Thread

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for the labeled lengths per holder of sewing threads of all materials. The test specimen is a thread holder whether a cone, tube, spool, ready-made bobbin, or any other holders. The observed length for all holders such as home sewing spools, ready-made bobbins, or all other holders which depends on the sampling size shall equal or exceed a certain percentage of the minimum allowable labeled length.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for the labeled lengths of sewing threads of all materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2731-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Elastic Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile Testing Machines)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) is a measure of the tensile force occurring while extending a textile material within specified limits. This characteristic of elastomeric yarn indicates the resistance that will have to be overcome by the wearer while putting on a garment made of the material and is also an indication of the garment's resistance to deformation caused by normal body movements during wear. The elongations used for these measurements are typically 100 %, 200 % and 300 %.  
5.3 Permanent Deformation (set) is a measure of the increase in length of an elastomeric yarn resulting from cyclic stretching and relaxation. The characteristic is a visible indication of the realignment of intermolecular bonds within the elastic material. As with stress decay, the amount of set increases with yarn extension; however, for any particular extension, little or no additional set takes place after...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of elastic properties of “as produced” elastomeric yarns made from rubber, spandex or other elastomers. Elastic properties include force at specified elongations, permanent deformation and stress decay. Other hysteresis related properties can be calculated.
Note 1: For a method designed specifically for testing rubber threads, refer to Test Method D2433.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable to covered, wrapped, or core-spun yarns or yarns spun from elastomeric staple.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns having a range of 40 to 3200 dtex (36 to 2900 denier).  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. Customary units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the U.S. Customary units are in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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