ASTM E889-82(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Composition or Purity of a Solid Waste Materials Stream
Standard Test Method for Composition or Purity of a Solid Waste Materials Stream
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This method is used to document the ability of solid waste resource recovery separators to concentrate or classify a particular component (or components) present in solid waste.
The purity determined in this way is used to calculate the recovery achieved by a separator as another measure of its performance, according to Test Method E1108.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the composition of a materials stream in a solid waste resource recovery processing facility. The composition is determined with respect to one or more defined components. The results are used for determining the purity resulting from the operation of one or more separators, and in conjunction with Test Method E1108 used to measure the efficiency of a materials separation device.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard statements, see Section 7.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E889 − 82(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Composition or Purity of a Solid Waste Materials Stream
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E889; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology Definitions
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com- 3.1 binary separator—a device that separates a single input
position of a materials stream in a solid waste resource feed stream into two output or product streams.
recovery processing facility. The composition is determined
3.2 gross sample—a sample representing one lot and com-
with respect to one or more defined components. The results
posed of a number of increments on which neither reduction
are used for determining the purity resulting from the operation
nor division has been performed.
ofoneormoreseparators,andinconjunctionwithTestMethod
3.3 laboratory sample or analysis sample—a portion of one
E1108 used to measure the efficiency of a materials separation
gross sample representative of a lot and taken at random from
device.
the gross sample.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.4 polynary separator—a device that separates a single
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
input feed stream into three or more output product streams.
only.
3.5 purity—The purity of a stream is defined in terms of one
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
or more identifiable components, x, y, z, etc. The purity for any
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
component such asx is the mass ofx in a stream divided by the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
total mass of that stream. In some cases, the mass of x must be
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
defined in practical terms that relate to the origin of the feed.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard
For example, the purity of a ferrous product magnetically
statements, see Section 7.
recovered from refuse can be expressed as the purity of ferrous
2. Referenced Documents by proximate analysis.Alternatively, it can be expressed as the
2 purity by manual sorting, with all nonferrous materials that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cannot readily be removed by hand as the contaminants. In any
C566 Test Method forTotal Evaporable Moisture Content of
case, purity must be defined for each application.
Aggregate by Drying
C702 PracticeforReducingSamplesofAggregatetoTesting
4. Summary of Test Method
Size
4.1 Agross sample of a preselected process stream is taken,
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
and subdivided into four laboratory samples. Two of the
D644 Test Method for Moisture Content of Paper and
3 laboratory samples are analyzed for composition of the com-
Paperboard by Oven Drying (Withdrawn 2010)
ponent(s) or item(s) of interest by hand-picking and weighing.
E1107 Test Method for Measuring the Throughput of
The third sample is used if the results of the first two do not
Resource-Recovery Unit Operations
agree within specified limits. The composition is computed as
E1108 Test Method for Determination of the Recovery of a
theweightratioofthecomponent(s)ofinteresttotheweightof
Product in a Materials Separation Device
the sample.
4.2 The composition is expressed as the purity of the stream
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
with respect to the component(s) indicated.
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
Recovery and Reuse.
5. Significance and Use
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originally
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E889–1982(2004).
5.1 This method is used to document the ability of solid
DOI: 10.1520/E0889-82R09.
waste resource recovery separators to concentrate or classify a
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
particular component (or components) present in solid waste.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5.2 The purity determined in this way is used to calculate
the ASTM website.
the recovery achieved by a separator as another measure of its
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. performance, according to Test Method E1108.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E889 − 82 (2009)
6. Apparatus 9.3 Samples from wet processing steps, for example, wet
screening, spiral classification, jigging, etc., are to be weighed
6.1 Scales—Several size scales must be available to weigh
afterdrainingthewater,inaccordancewith11.3.Theweightof
gross samples and laboratory samples that will range in size
such samples is recorded as the “drained weight.”
from less than 1 kg (2.2 lb) to more than 100 kg (220 lb). All
scales should have a precision and accuracy of 60.1 %.
10. Conditioning
6.2 Sorting Apparatus—This may be any convenient work
4 10.1 Weigh the samples immediately after being taken with
surface, such as a table and bins as decribed by Kaiser et al.
due precaution so that they neither gain nor lose weight from
6.3 Polyethylene Bags, used to store laboratory and some-
natural drying or from being left uncovered in wet or dusty
times gross samples as the means of preserving their moisture
areas. This is known as“ as-received weight.”
content. These bags should be 0.10 to 0.15 mm (0.004 to 0.006
10.2 Condition wet samples by draining in accordance with
in.) thick and supplied with metal ties.
11.8. This is known as “drained weight.”
6.4 Laboratory Drying Oven, and general associated equip-
10.3 The weight of dry samples, either of gross or labora-
ment are required.
tory samples, must exclude the contained moisture. Dry
7. Hazards
samples in accordance with 11.10. This is known as “dry
weight.”
7.1 This procedure calls for the hand-picking of solid waste
and its processed fractions. Because the origin of all of the
11. Procedure
materials is generally unknown, workers must use proper
safety precautions when handling samples. Workers shall wear
11.1 Take a gross sample in accordance with the section on
gloves and safety glasses. When appropriate, dust masks shall
Procedures, in Method E1107.
be worn. Workers must be cautioned to wash their hands
11.1.1 Contain the gross sample in a moisture barrier
thoroughly before eating or smoking.
containerinaccordancewith11.8.1ifthemoisturecontentisto
be preserved.
7.2 Particular caution shall be exercised when collecting
11.1.2 Record the weight of the gross sample.
samples near moving equipment.
11.2 Subdividethegrosssampleintofournearequalpartsin
8. Sampling
accordance with Practice C702 to form four laboratory
8.1 Samples are taken from processor streams, or separator
samples.
outputorinputstreams,accordingtotheproceduresoutlinedin
11.2.1 Place the laboratory samples in moisture barrier
Method E1107.
containers, in accordance with 11.10 if the moisture content is
to be preserved.
8.2 The purity is determined with respect to a particular
11.2.2 Record the weight of each laboratory sample.
component in the stream, such as steel cans or glass. Hence,
sampling and containment of samples must be done in a
11.3 Choose two of the laboratory samples at random for
manner to preserve the integrity of the components being
analysis; retain the other two, if needed, in accordance with
analyzed and the mass of the entire sample. As an example, if
11.5.1.
a stream is to be analyzed for the purity with respect to pieces
11.4 Perf
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