ASTM C577-07e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Permeability of Refractories
Standard Test Method for Permeability of Refractories
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to measure the rate of flow of air or nitrogen through refractory brick and monoliths and to thus determine the permeability of tested products.
This test method is useful in research and development for establishing the relative permeability of products within comparable classes. It may also be used to identify acceptable products for design purposes and to establish permeability criteria for specification acceptance.
It must be recognized that permeability can vary in different directions and different parts of a refractory due to factors such as forming procedure, grain size and distribution, and heat treatment.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the permeability of refractory brick and monoliths, from which suitable specimens can be cut, at room temperature.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—The apparatus used in this standard is only available in SI units (Section 4). Also, some of the calculations must use SI units only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C577–07
Standard Test Method for
1
Permeability of Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C577; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Units of measure statement was added editorially in March 2009.
1. Scope 3.3 It must be recognized that permeability can vary in
different directions and different parts of a refractory due to
1.1 This test method covers determination of the permeabil-
factors such as forming procedure, grain size and distribution,
ity of refractory brick and monoliths, from which suitable
and heat treatment.
specimens can be cut, at room temperature.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
4. Apparatus
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
4.1 The apparatus shall provide a leakproof system for
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
testing 2 in. (51 mm) cubes held in a pressurized rubber gasket,
information only and are not considered standard.
with means for controlling gas pressure and measuring gas
1.2.1 Exceptions—The apparatus used in this standard is
4
flow. Figs. 1-3 illustrate a suitable apparatus. The apparatus
only available in SI units (Section 4). Also, some of the
consists of the following components:
calculations must use SI units only.
4.1.1 Permeating Medium, air or nitrogen with regulator-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
controlled inlet pressure.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1.2 Drier Tubes, each filled with a desiccant and strainer;
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
used to remove any water or dirt from the gas before entering
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the flowmeters.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.3 Flowmeters—They will measure the flow of permeat-
3
2. Referenced Documents ing media in the range from 0 to 9000 cm /min. The
2
flowmeters may be calibrated to read the flow directly of either
2.1 ASTM Standards:
air or nitrogen. The range for each flowmeter is shown in Fig.
C1095 Practice for Calculating Precision Data on Refracto-
3
1.
ries (C08) from Interlaboratory Test Results
4.1.4 Manometer—Amultiple scale digital manometer shall
3. Significance and Use
be used to measure the differential pressure across the speci-
men.
3.1 This test method is used to measure the rate of flow of
4.1.5 Rubber Specimen-Sealing Gasket—The gasket (Fig.
air or nitrogen through refractory brick and monoliths and to
2) is made to fit tightly arounda2by2by2in.(51by51by
thus determine the permeability of tested products.
51 mm) test specimen. The two tapered metal-gasket holders
3.2 This test method is useful in research and development
(Fig. 3) enclose the rubber gasket, and are compressed with a
for establishing the relative permeability of products within
hydraulic jack (Fig. 4) to seal the gasket tightly against the test
comparable classes. It may also be used to identify acceptable
specimen.
products for design purposes and to establish permeability
criteria for specification acceptance.
5. Specimen Preparation
5.1 One 2 by 2 by 2 in. (51 by 51 by 51 mm) specimen shall
be cut from each of four pieces constituting the sample of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
material to be tested. The specimen should be cut in such a
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
manner as to fit snugly into the gasket.
Properties.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2007.PublishedJuly2007.Originallyapproved
5.2 The specimens shall be cut so that three original
in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C577 – 99. DOI: 10.1520/
surfacesareretained.Incaseswhereitisdesirabletodetermine
C0577-07E01.
2 the permeability of specimens that show directional differences
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4
the ASTM website. The apparatus is described in Eusner , G. R., and Shapland, J.T., “Permeability
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced ofBlast-FurnaceRefractories,” Journal,Am.CeramicSoc.,Vol.42,No.10,1959,
on www.astm.org. pp. 459–464.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C577–07
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A—Flowmeter (3 to 80 cm /min) G—Me
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:C 577–99 Designation:C 577–07
Standard Test Method for
1
Permeability of Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 577; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Units of measure statement was added editorially in March 2009.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers determination of the permeability of refractory brick and monoliths, from which suitable specimens
can be cut, at room temperature.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—The apparatus used in this standard is only available in SI units (Section 4). Also, some of the calculations
must use SI units only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
C1095 Practice for Calculating Precision Data on Refractories (C08) from Interlaboratory Test ResultsResults.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is used to measure the rate of flow of air or nitrogen through refractory brick and monoliths and to thus
determine the permeability of tested products.
3.2 This test method is useful in research and development for establishing the relative permeability of products within
comparable classes. It may also be used to identify acceptable products for design purposes and to establish permeability criteria
for specification acceptance.
3.3 It must be recognized that permeability can vary in different directions and different parts of a refractory due to factors such
as forming procedure, grain size and distribution, and heat treatment.
4. Apparatus
4.1 The apparatus shall provide a leakproof system for testing 2 in. (51 mm) cubes held in a pressurized rubber gasket, with
4
means for controlling gas pressure and measuring gas flow. Fig. 1, Fig. 2Figs. 1-, and Fig. 33 illustrate a suitable apparatus. The
apparatus consists of the following components:
4.1.1 Permeating Medium, air or nitrogen with regulator-controlled inlet pressure.
4.1.2 Drier Tubes, each filled with a desiccant and strainer; used to remove any water or dirt from the gas before entering the
flowmeters.
3
4.1.3 Flowmeters—They will measure the flow of permeating media in the range from 0 to 9000 cm /min.The flowmeters may
be calibrated to read the flow directly of either air or nitrogen. The range for each flowmeter is shown in Fig. 1.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-8 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical Properties.
Current edition approved October 10, 1999. Published November 1999. Originally published as C577–65T. Last previous edition C577–96.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical Properties.
Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C 577 – 99.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For AnnualBookofASTM Standards
, Vol 15.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The apparatus is described in Eusner, G. R., and Shapland, J. T., “Permeability of Blast-Furnace Refractories,” Journal, Am. Ceramic Soc., Vol 42, No. 10, 1959, pp.
459–464.
3
C08
4
Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR:C8–1378.
4
The apparatus is described in Eusner , G. R., and Shapland, J. T., “Permeability of Blast-Furnace Refractories,” Journal , Am. Ceramic Soc., Vol. 42, No. 10, 1959,
pp. 459–464.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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C577–07
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A—Flowmeter (3 to 80 cm /min) G—Mercury Manometer
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B—Flowmeter (10 to 180 cm /min) H—Needle Valve
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