ASTM D5824-98(2023)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Resistance to Delamination of Adhesive Bonds in Overlay-Wood Core Laminates Exposed to Heat and Water
Standard Test Method for Determining Resistance to Delamination of Adhesive Bonds in Overlay-Wood Core Laminates Exposed to Heat and Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method measures quantitatively the effects of water soaking and drying, and their associated swelling and shrinking stresses on adhesive bonds in overlay-laminated assemblies.
4.2 Adhesive bond performance is based on the ability of the adhesive and adhesive bonds to resist delamination during accelerated exposure to water and heat.
4.3 Resistance to delamination when subjected to environmental factors is critical to the performance of the laminated assembly in service.
4.4 This test method is to be used to determine the quality of adhesive bonds in overlay-wood core laminates after the adhesive has been certified by a specification appropriate for the product, class, and end use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a procedure to determine the quality of bond between an overlay and a wood core in an adhesively bonded laminate. The quality of bond is determined by measuring the resistance to delamination of the adhesively bonded laminate when tested under specific conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. Such products include, but are not limited to, window and door components, such as stiles and rails, and other overlaid panels. Typical wood-based cores are finger-jointed lumber, particleboard, oriented strand board, and hardboard. Typical overlays would be veneer, high-pressure laminate, high-density polyethylene, and fiberglass-reinforced plastic.
1.2 Adhesive bond performance as measured by resistance to delamination in this test method is suitable for use in adhesive product development, manufacturing quality control, and monitoring bonding processes.
1.3 This test method does not provide guidance for determining bond line performance for plywood products.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5824 − 98 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Resistance to Delamination of Adhesive Bonds
in Overlay-Wood Core Laminates Exposed to Heat and
Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5824; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method provides a procedure to determine the
quality of bond between an overlay and a wood core in an
2. Referenced Documents
adhesively bonded laminate. The quality of bond is determined
2.1 ASTM Standards:
by measuring the resistance to delamination of the adhesively
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
bonded laminate when tested under specific conditions of
D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
preparation, conditioning, and testing. Such products include,
ment of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
but are not limited to, window and door components, such as
D5266 Practice for Estimating the Percentage of Wood
stiles and rails, and other overlaid panels. Typical wood-based
Failure in Adhesive Bonded Joints
cores are finger-jointed lumber, particleboard, oriented strand
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
board, and hardboard. Typical overlays would be veneer,
E41 Terminology Relating to Conditioning (Withdrawn
high-pressure laminate, high-density polyethylene, and
2019)
fiberglass-reinforced plastic.
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
1.2 Adhesive bond performance as measured by resistance
ASTM Test Methods
to delamination in this test method is suitable for use in
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
adhesive product development, manufacturing quality control,
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
and monitoring bonding processes.
3. Terminology
1.3 This test method does not provide guidance for deter-
mining bond line performance for plywood products. 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Certain terms in this test method are defined in
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Terminologies D907, E6, and E41.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.1.2 delamination, n—the separation of layers in a laminate
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
because of failure of the adhesive, either in the adhesive itself
and are not considered standard.
or at the interface between the adhesive and the adherend. (See
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Terminology D907.)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 overlay, n—a uniform layer of material, usually in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
form of a sheet, adhesively bonded to an adherend with the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
purpose of improving the appearance or physical properties of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the laminate.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.1 edge, n—in an adhesively bonded laminate, the di-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
mension along its length [and parallel to the grain] where the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
overlay is bonded to the core.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on Wood contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Adhesives. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D5824 – 98 (2017). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D5824-98R23. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5824 − 98 (2023)
3.2.2 end, n—in an adhesively bonded laminate, the dimen- 6. Test Specimens
sion which is perpendicular to the length of the laminate where
6.1 Cut laboratory specimens from prepared test panels (see
the overlay is bonded to the core.
Fig. 1) as described in Sections 7 and 8 to the form and
dimensions shown in Fig. 2 and Table 1.
4. Significance and Use
6.2 Cut field specimens from test panels (see Fig. 3) to the
4.1 This test method measures quantitatively the effects of
form and dimensions shown in Fig. 2 and Table 1. When the
water soaking and drying, and their associated swelling and
nominal width of the panel is used, the edges are to be prepared
shrinking stresses on adhesive bonds in overlay-laminated
as the product would exist in service.
assemblies.
6.3 Test ten specimens, representing at least four different
4.2 Adhesive bond performance is based on the ability of
panels.
the adhesive and adhesive bonds to resist delamination during
accelerated exposure to water and heat.
7. Preparation and Conditioning of Laboratory Test
4.3 Resistance to delamination when subjected to environ-
Panels
mental factors is critical to the performance of the laminated
7.1 Select veneer, either rotary cut or sliced, 0.063 in.
assembly in service.
(1.6 mm) in thickness, and wood-based core, a minimum of 0.5
4.4 This test method is to be used to determine the quality of
in. (13 mm) in thickness, so that they are free from defects such
adhesive bonds in overlay-wood core laminates after the
as knots, cracks, rough surfaces, or any unusual amount of
adhesive has been certified by a specification appropriate for
discoloration. The species and type of veneer and composition
the product, class, and end use.
of the wood core are to be agreed upon between the purchaser
and the manufacturer of the adhesive. As an alternative to
5. Apparatus
veneer, specific overlays can be used as agreed upon between
5.1 Oven(s)—Forced-air oven capable of maintaining the purchaser and the adhesive manufacturer. Surface the core
170 °F 6 5 °F (77 °C 6 3 °C), with sufficient air circulation to to a thickness tolerance of 60.005 in. (0.13 mm) (see Table 1).
ensure that the prescribed drying temperature is uniformly If finger-jointed/edge-bonded core stock is used, it must remain
intact without delamination during the test cycle. Both the
maintained when the oven is fully loaded and the air flow is
parallel to the faces of the specimens. A mechanism is to be veneer and the wood-based core are to be 61 % of the
moisture content recommended by the manufacture of the
provided for moisture to be removed from the chamber during
drying of the specimens. adhesive. In the absence of such a recommendation, the
5.1.1 Use an oven to accommodate a sufficient number of moisture content is to be from 10 % to 12 %, based on
test specimens and to provide for at least 3 in. (76 mm) oven-dry weight as determined on representative samples in
separation between the test specimens so that the drying accordance with Method A of Test Methods D4442. Cut the
temperature is uniformly maintained. veneer and wood core to a suitable size and grain orientation in
order to build a panel with the grain of the veneer parallel to the
5.2 Vacuum-Pressure Vessel—Autoclave or similar vessel
grain of the wood core. A size that has been found to be
capable of withstanding 80 psi (562 kPa) pressure, equipped
convenient is shown in Fig. 1.
with a pump or similar device capable of drawing a vacuum of
25 in. Hg (84.4 kPa). Provide a system so that pressure is 7.2 Follow the adhesive manufacturer’s instructions for
maintained at 75 psi (517 kPa). conditions and procedures for preparing the adhesive and
5.2.1 Use a vessel so that all the specimens are at least 2 in. applying it to the wood core, as well as for assembling,
(51 mm) below the water level during the complete cycle. pressing, and curing the panel.
FIG. 1 Laboratory Test Panel
D5824 − 98 (2023)
FIG. 2 Form and Dimensions of Test Specimens
TABLE 1 Test Specimen Dimensions, and Tolerances
8.4 Retain the specimens in the conditioning environment
Measurement, Tolerance,
...
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