ASTM F1731-96(2008)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Body Measurements and Sizing of Fire and Rescue Services Uniforms and Other Thermal Hazard Protective Clothing
Standard Practice for Body Measurements and Sizing of Fire and Rescue Services Uniforms and Other Thermal Hazard Protective Clothing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Sizing is a critical factor that must be considered when selecting and using protective clothing. Properly sized garments add to the safety and performance of wearer by not restricting movement. A work uniform that restricts movement or exposes skin to hazardous environments will result in lost efficiency and may promote injury.
In those cases where work uniforms become an element of a multi-layered protective ensemble, it is essential that uniform fit does not restrict the wearer's movements or interfere with the fit and use of other safety related clothing and equipment.
This practice can be used for selecting the proper size and fit of work uniforms for fire and rescue personnel and personnel in other occupations where hazardous thermal exposures may exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to assist in size selection of work uniforms for fire and rescue services personnel and workers who may be exposed to thermal hazards. Work uniform ensembles consist of a shirt and trouser apparel combination.
1.2 This practice is applicable to uniforms for both male and female personnel.
1.3 This practice provides a standard means for measuring human body dimensions for the selection and ordering shirts and trousers.
1.4 This practice provides a means for evaluating the fit of selected uniform sizes.
1.5 This practice provides a standard list of textile and apparel terminology specific to the clothing industry which is used in determining size and fit of garments. This vocabulary will be useful in communications between buyers and sellers.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound equivalents given in parentheses are for information only and may be approximate.
1.7 This standard is not intended for use in evaluating the fire resistive performance or durability of work uniforms. In addition, this practice does not provide a means to quantify the likelihood of human injuries that may be related to the fit of uniforms or protective clothing.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 1.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: F1731 − 96(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Body Measurements and Sizing of Fire and Rescue Services
Uniforms and Other Thermal Hazard Protective Clothing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1731; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The selection of proper uniform size is important to fit and appearance for all users, but more
importantly, it relates directly to garment function. In certain occupations, such as fire and rescue
services,properfitandfunctionrelatesdirectlytotheindividual’sabilitytoperformjobsthatareoften
hazardous. Issues of proper fit are directly associated with the risk of injury. A work uniform that
restricts movement or exposes the skin to hazardous environments will result in lost efficiency and
may promote injury and illness. Proper sizing is a factor in the ability of a person to perform tasks that
often involve life or death situations. A work uniform must also fit well to function properly when
additional outer protective garments and safety equipment are worn.
This practice establishes a standard method for measuring body dimensions pertinent to the
determination of a garment size which provides good fit. It also presents issues critical to garment size
selection as it relates to fit. Functional methods are provided for determining proper fit of a uniform.
Information is provided on garment shrinkage which results from the clothing being laundered.
Maternity wear and unique sizing issues are addressed.
1. Scope 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The inch-pound equivalents given in parentheses are
1.1 This practice is intended to assist in size selection of
for information only and may be approximate.
work uniforms for fire and rescue services personnel and
1.7 This standard is not intended for use in evaluating the
workers who may be exposed to thermal hazards. Work
fire resistive performance or durability of work uniforms. In
uniform ensembles consist of a shirt and trouser apparel
addition, this practice does not provide a means to quantify the
combination.
likelihood of human injuries that may be related to the fit of
1.2 Thispracticeisapplicabletouniformsforbothmaleand
uniforms or protective clothing.
female personnel.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.3 This practice provides a standard means for measuring safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
human body dimensions for the selection and ordering shirts responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and trousers.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
1.4 This practice provides a means for evaluating the fit of
tionary statements are given in Note 1.
selected uniform sizes.
2. Referenced Documents
1.5 This practice provides a standard list of textile and
apparel terminology specific to the clothing industry which is
2.1 ASTM Standards:
used in determining size and fit of garments. This vocabulary
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
will be useful in communications between buyers and sellers.
D5219 Terminology Relating to Body Dimensions for Ap-
parel Sizing
F1154 Practices for Qualitatively Evaluating the Comfort,
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal
Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F23.60 on Human Factors. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 15, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F1731 - 06(2002). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/F1731-96R08. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1731 − 96 (2008)
Fit, Function, and Durability of Protective Ensembles and 3.1.10.1 Discussion—A circumference measurement made
Ensemble Components around the fullest part of the chest keeping the tape parallel to
the floor.
2.2 AATCC Standards:
AATCC 96 Dimensional Changes in Laundering of Woven
3.1.11 crotch, n—in anatomy, the body area adjacent to the
and Knitted Textiles Except Wool
vertex of the included angle between the legs.
AATCC 135 Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home
3.1.12 cuff, n—in garment construction, a finished edge at
Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics
the end of either a garment sleeve or trouser leg created by
AATCC 158 Dimensional Changes in Dry-Cleaning in Per-
turning back or rolling up and stitching the fabric.
chloroethylene: Machine Method
3.1.12.1 Discussion—Long sleeve shirts usually have an
2.3 NFPA Standards:
extended cuff which is a band of fabric stitched to the lower
NFPA 1975 Standard on Station/Work Uniforms for Fire
edge of the sleeve. The most common long sleeve shirt cuff is
Fighters
the barrel cuff which is a straight cuff stitched to form an
NFPA1977 Standard on Protective Clothing and Equipment
open-band that laps and buttons at the wrist.Atrouser leg cuff
for Wildland Fire Fighting
is formed by producing a deep hem which may require over
100 mm (4 in.) of fabric. Simple hems may also be used to
3. Terminology
finish trouser legs. (See hem.)
3.1 Definitions: Definitions are provided to assist the user in
3.1.13 ease, n—in garment construction, the difference
understanding the language of human body measurements. In
between garment measurement and body measurement.
addition, other definitions have been added that are used by the
3.1.13.1 Discussion—There are primarily two types of ease,
apparel industry to identify garment designs, patterns and
wearing ease and design ease. Wearing or comfort ease, which
issues of fit.
allowsforbodyflexingandmovement,dependsonagarment’s
3.1.1 armhole, n—in garments construction, the area of a
standard for fit. Wearing ease relates to fit of a garment that
garment through which the arm passes or into which a sleeve
does not impede the wearer from performing any function that
is fitted. (See armscye.)
requires dynamic movement. The amount of material added to
3.1.2 armscye, n—in garment construction, the opening in a
a garment that exceeds human body measurements, to make
garment for the attachment of a fitted sleeve. (See armhole.)
garments more comfortable and to allow for human mobility.
3.1.3 back waist length, n—in body measurements, the
Designorstyleeaseincludes,inadditiontowearingease,what
vertical distance along the spine from the cervical to the waist.
is built into a style to provide the look the designer wants.
3.1.4 bartack, n—in garment construction, a reinforcement
3.1.14 elbow, n—in anatomy, the joint that articulates be-
at points of strain.
tween the upper arm and the lower arm.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—This reinforcement point may consist
3.1.15 fabric, n—in textiles, a planar structure consisting of
of a bar-shaped line of small threads worked across several
yarns or fibers.
threads.
3.1.16 fit,n—thequality,stateormannerinwhichthelength
3.1.5 body dimension, n—in garment construction, a body
and closeness of clothing, when worn, relates to the human
measurement which can be used to build a sizing system or to
body.
select an appropriately sized garment.
3.1.17 garment, n—an article of clothing used to cover the
3.1.6 body measurement, n—in anthropometry, a standard-
body.
ized distance between two specified points on the human
anatomy.
3.1.18 girth, n—in body measurements, a circumferential
measurement around some part of the body, such as neck,
3.1.7 bust girth, n—in body measurements, the circumfer-
ence of the body over the fullest part of the breasts and parallel chest, waist, etc.
to the floor. (See chest girth.)
3.1.19 hem, n—in garment construction, a simple finish in
3.1.8 cervical, n—in body measurements, the most promi-
which the raw fabric edge is turned under and stitched to a
nent bone at the base of the neck. garment. (See cuff.)
3.1.9 chest, n—in garment construction, a measurement
3.1.20 hip, n—in anatomy, the laterally projecting region
taken from below each armhole seam straight across the
formed by the lateral parts of the pelvis and the upper part of
garment while it is laid flat.
the femur together with the flesh covering them.
3.1.10 chest girth, n— in body measurements, the circum-
3.1.21 hip girth, n—in body measurements, the maximum
ference of the body over the shoulder blades, under the arms
circumference of the body at the level of maximum promi-
and across the upper chest. (See bust girth.)
nence of the buttocks.
3.1.22 inseam, n—in garment construction, with the trou-
3 sers folded by mating the inside leg seams, measure from
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http:// center of crotch to bottom edge of trouser’s leg or cuff.
www.aatcc.org.
3.1.23 inseam length, n—in body measurements, from cen-
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org. ter of crotch to 25.4 mm (1 in.) below top of the shoe.
F1731 − 96 (2008)
3.1.24 knee, n—in anatomy, the joint between the lower and 3.1.39 station/work uniform, n—a nonprimary protective
upper leg. clothing ensemble consisting of a shirt and pants that is
intended to be worn by members of the fire and rescue services
3.1.25 maternity wear, n—clothing worn during pregnancy.
while on duty.
3.1.26 neck base girth, n—in body measurements, the cir-
3.1.40 thigh, n—in garment construction, with trouser leg
cumference of the neck over the cervical at the back and at the
laid out flat, measure from crotch seam straight across to leg
top of the collar bone at the front.
side seam.
3.1.27 neck girth, n—in garment construction, with shirt
3.1.41 thigh girth, n— in body measurements, the maximum
open in front and collar fully extended and laid out flat,
circumference of the upper leg close to the crotch.
measurefromcenterofcollarbuttontothefarendofthebutton
3.1.42 torso, n—the human trunk.
hole.
3.1.43 torso, n—in garment construction, a measurement
3.1.28 placket, n—in garment construction, a finished gar-
from center of neck to end of shirttail.
ment opening that is usually dependent on mechanical devices
3.1.44 total crotch length, n—in body measurements, the
called closures to secure the opening.
distance from the waist level at center front through the crotch
3.1.28.1 Discussion—In shirt construction, a placket usually
to the waist level at center back.
forms the front opening that may extend from the collar band’s
lower edge to the bottom edge of the shirt’s hem. When the
3.1.45 trousers, n, pl—an outer garment extending from the
shirt is worn, the placket is generally overlapped and fastened
waist to the ankle covering each leg separately. (Syn. pants.)
by buttons. Plackets are normally designed into garments to
3.1.46 trouser back rise, n—in garment construction,a
make them easy to don. Fasteners used in placket closures are
measurement from the crotch seam to bottom edge of waist-
buttons, button holes, zippers, hooks, snaps, and other devices
band at center of the back.
used to open, close, and secure garments.
3.1.47 trouser front rise, n—in garment construction,a
3.1.29 protective clothing, n—an article of clothing used for
measurement from the crotch seam to the bottom edge of
isolating the human body or parts of the human body from a
waistband at center front.
potential hazard.
3.1.48 trouser hips, n— in garment construction, the gar-
3.1.30 shirt, n—a cloth garment for the upper part of the
ments circumference measured at the bottom of pockets or
body made of either woven or knitted fabric usually having
bartack on fly.
sleeves, a neck opening, a front opening and a tail long enough
3.1.49 trouser waist, n—in garment construction, with trou-
to be tucked inside trousers or skirt.
sers folded in half by the crease or mating the leg inseams,
3.1.31 shirt back length, n—in garment construction,a measure across waist-band’s width and double the measure-
measurement centered below the collar band to bottom edge of
ment.
shirttail.
3.1.50 waist, n—in anatomy, the part of the body at the
3.1.32 shirt front length, n—in garment construction,a location between the lowest rib and hip identified by bending
measurement from the placket top, below the collar band to the the body to the side.
bottom edge of the shirt’s hem in front.
3.1.51 waist girth, n— in body measurements, the circum-
ference of the waist immediately below the lowest rib.
3.1.33 shirt sides, n— in garment construction, a measure-
3.1.51.1 Discussion—Circumference around the body
ment of length from below armhole to the bottom hem.
where the trouser waistband would normally be worn.
3.1.34 shrinkage, n—a decrease in one or more dimensions
3.1.52 wrist, n—in anatomy, the joint which articulates
of an object or material.
between the end of the lower arm and the hand.
3.1.35 shrink, vt—to cause to contract, to compact cloth by
3.1.53 wrist girth, n— in body measurements, the circum-
causing to contract when subjected to washing, boiling, steam-
ference over the prominence of the inner and outer forearm
ing or other processes.
bones.
3.1.36 size, n—oneofaseriesofgraduatedmeasurementsin
3.1.53.1 Discussion—Circumference around the largest part
manufactured articles of clothing conventionally identified by
of the wrist.
numbers, letters, or words.
3.2 Other definitions relative to this practice can be found in
3.1.37 sleeve length, n—in body measurements, from center
Terminology D123 and D5219.
of cervical across back and around outside of bent arm, to
below wrist bone and above hand.
4. Summary of Practice
3.1.38 sleeve length, n—in garment construction, a mea-
4.1 This practice standardizes apparatus for making human
surement from center of shirt’s back below collar band along
body measurements and provides a standardized approach to
the sleeve to the end of the sleeve or cuff.
methods of measuring human body dimensions relevant to the
selection of properly sized uniforms. Accurately measured
bodydimensionsarerecordedonastandardmeasurementform
Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary, 1977. which is used by a buyer and seller in the selection of uniform
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