ASTM C1028-96

Standard Test Method for Determining the Static Coefficient of Friction of Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces by the Horizontal Dynamometer Pull-Meter Method (Withdrawn 2005)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of static coefficient of friction of ceramic tile or other surfaces under both wet and dry conditions while utilizing Neolite heel assemblies.  This test method can be used in the laboratory or in the field.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the measurement of static coefficient of friction of ceramic tile or other surfaces under both wet and dry conditions while utilizing Neolite heel assemblies.
This test method was withdrawn in December 2004 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1995
• Withdrawal Date: 21-Mar-2005
• ICS: 91.100.25 - Terracotta building products
• Technical Committee: C21 - Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
• Drafting Committee: C21.06 - Ceramic Tile

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM C1028-06 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Static Coefficient of Friction of Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces by the Horizontal Dynamometer Pull-Meter Method
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D2047-17 - Standard Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction of Polish-Coated Flooring Surfaces as Measured by the James Machine
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1996
• Referred By: ASTM G115-10(2018) - Standard Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coefficients
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1996

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1028–96
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Static Coefficient of Friction of Ceramic Tile
and Other Like Surfaces by the Horizontal Dynamometer
Pull-Meter Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1028; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 friction—the resistance developed between the physi-
cal contacting surface of two bodies when there is movement
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of static
or tendency for movement of one body relative to the other
coefficient of friction of ceramic tile or other surfaces under
parallel to the plane of contact.
both wet and dry conditions while utilizing Neolite heel
3.1.3 static coeffıcient of friction—the ratio of the horizontal
assemblies. This test method can be used in the laboratory or
component of force applied to a body that just overcomes the
in the field.
friction or resistance to slipping to the vertical component of
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
the weight of the object or force applied to it.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information purposes only.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The horizontal dynamometer pull meter and heel assem-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
blies are designed to determine the static coefficient of friction
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of tile and like materials.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 The measurement made by this apparatus is believed to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
be one important factor relative to slip resistance. Other factors
2. Referenced Documents can affect slip resistance, such as the degree of wear on the
shoe and flooring material; presence of foreign material, such
2.1 Rubber Manufacturing Association (RMA) Standard:
as water, oil, and dirt; the length of the human stride at the time
HS-3 Method of Test for Evaluating Adhesive Bondability
of slip; type of floor finish; and the physical and mental
of Shoe Soling Materials (1975)
condition of humans. Therefore, this test method should be
3. Terminology
used for the purpose of developing a property of the flooring
surface under laboratory conditions, and should not be used to
3.1 Definitions:
determine slip resistance under field conditions unless those
3.1.1 coeffıcient of friction—the ratio of the horizontal
conditions are fully described.
componentofforcerequiredtoovercomeorhaveatendencyto
4.3 Becausemanyvariablesmayenterintotheevaluationof
overcome friction to the vertical component of the object
slip resistance of a particular surface, this test method is
weight or normal force applied through the object which tends
designed to evaluate these surfaces under both laboratory and
to cause the friction.
actual site installation conditions.
4.4 The static coefficient of friction is determined under
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-21 on
both wet and dry conditions with Neolite heel assemblies over
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of
both unprepared and prepared (cleaned) test surfaces.
Subcommittee C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1996. Published April 1996. Originally
5. Apparatus
published as C 1028 – 84 (formerly P 155). Last previous edition C 1028 – 89.
Neolite or an equivalent has been found satisfactory. Neolite is a registered
5.1 Dynamometer Pull Meter, horizontal (for example, a
trademark of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Shoe Product Division, Windsor, 4
Chatillon Gage, Model 80D or DFIS, as shown in Fig. 1).
VT 05089 and may be obtained from Smithers Scientific Services, Inc., 425 W.
MarketSt.,Akron,OH44303(Attn:TechnicalDirector).Specify“Neolite(Break-in
Compound),” RMA Spec. HS-3, Size 36 by 44 in., 6 irons, Color: Natural 11,
Specific Gravity 1.27 6 0.02, Hardness Shore A93-96. The Chatillon gage, manufactured by Chatillon, 7609 Business Park Drive,
Available from Rubber Manufacturers Association, 1901 Pennsylvania Ave., Greensboro, NC 27409-9301 is available from The Scale People, 11872-A Canon
NW, Washington, DC 20006. RMA Specification #HS-3. Blvd., Newport News, VA 23606-4227.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1028–96
FIG. 2 Test Assembly
flat surface. Sand Neolite material gently by moving the
assembly back and forth four times for a distance of about 4 in.
(102mm).Repeatatanangleof90°.Thisconstitutesonecycle
of surface preparation. This procedure is to be repeated for a
total of 10 cycles.
5.4 Standard Tile.
(a) Model DFIS
6. Reagents and Materials
6.1 Silicon Carbide Paper, wet or dry, 400 grit.
6.2 Hillyard’s Renovator No. 120.
6.3 Neolite, Standard Neolite Cement Liner (see 2.1).
6.4 Rags, Sponge, or Paper Towels.
6.5 Water, distilled.
7. Calibration (Dry)
7.1 Because many variables are associated with this test
procedure, it is important that the operator calibrates the
Neolite Heel Assembly surface with the Standard Tile each
time the test is performed.
7.2 For uses other than the initial use, resurface the assem-
bly with 400 grit wet or dry silicon carbide paper, four cycles.
7.3 Determine the total weight, W, of the 50-lb (22-kg)
weight plus the Neolite Heel Assembly.
7.4 Clean the Standard Tile with Hillyard’s Renovator.
(b) Chantillon Gauge, Model DPPH200
7.5 Place the Neolite Heel
...