ASTM D4272-08a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Total Energy Impact of Plastic Films By Dart Drop
Standard Test Method for Total Energy Impact of Plastic Films By Dart Drop
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Evaluation of the impact toughness of film is important in predicting the performance of a material in applications such as packaging, construction, and other uses. The test simulates the action encountered in applications where moderate-velocity blunt impacts occur in relatively small areas of film.
The values obtained by this test method are highly dependent on the method and conditions of film fabrication as well as the type and grade of resin.
Test methods employing different missile velocities, impinging surface diameters, or effective specimen diameters will most likely produce different results. Data obtained by this test method cannot necessarily be compared directly with those obtained by other test methods.
The impact resistance of a film, while partly dependent on thickness, does not have a simple correlation with sample thickness. Hence, impact values expressed in joules (ft·lbf) normalized over a range of thickness will not necessarily be linear with thickness. Data from this test method are comparable only for specimens that vary by no more than ±15 % from the nominal or average thickness of the specimens tested.
The test results obtained by this test method are greatly influenced by the quality of film under test. The influence of variability of data obtained by this procedure will, therefore, depend strongly on the sample quality, uniformity of film thickness, the presence of die marks, contaminants, etc.
Several impact test methods are used for film. It is sometimes desirable to know the relationships among test results derived by different test methods. A study was conducted in which four films made from two resins (polypropylene and linear low-density polyethylene), with two film thicknesses for each resin, were impacted using Test Methods D 1709 (Test Method A), Test Method D 3420 (Procedures A and B), and Test Method D 4272. The test results are shown in Appendix X2. Differences in results between Test Methods D 1709 and D 4272 are exp...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the total energy impact of plastic films by measuring the kinetic energy lost by a free-falling dart that passes through the film.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—This test method and ISO 7765–2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content (and results cannot be directly compared between the two test methods). The ISO test method calls for a direct readout of energy by using a load cell as part of the impactor head, while Test Method D 4272 calls for a constant weight impactor, then measuring the time of travel through a given distance to get energy values.
FIG. 1 Elements of an Instrumented Dart Drop System
General Information
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Designation:D4272–08a
Standard Test Method for
1
Total Energy Impact of Plastic Films By Dart Drop
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4272; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope* 2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 7765–2 Plastics Film and Sheeting—Determination of
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the total
Impact Resistance by the Free Falling Dart Method—Part
energy impact of plastic films by measuring the kinetic energy
2: Instrumented Puncture Test
lost by a free-falling dart that passes through the film.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Terminology
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1 Terminology—For definitions, see Terminology
only.
D 883D883.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Termi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
nology for Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 free-fall time—the measured time required for the dart
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
to travel through the sensing area with no film specimen in the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
clamp.
NOTE 1—This test method and ISO 7765–2 address the same subject
3.2.2 missile weight—the weight of the dart plus the total
matter, but differ in technical content (and results cannot be directly
value of incremental weights attached, including the locking
compared between the two test methods). The ISO test method calls for a
collar.
direct readout of energy by using a load cell as part of the impactor head,
3.2.3 test-fall time—the measured time for the dart to travel
while Test Method D 4272 calls for a constant weight impactor, then
through the sensing area with a film specimen in the clamp.
measuringthetimeoftravelthroughagivendistancetogetenergyvalues.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4.1 The velocity of a freely falling dart of specified shape
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing that has passed through a sheet of plastic film is determined by
means of a photoelectric speed trap. The kinetic energy
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1709 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film corresponding to this velocity is calculated and compared with
the kinetic energy of the same dart measured without a plastic
by the Free-Falling Dart Method
D3420 Test Method for Pendulum Impact Resistance of film in place. The loss in kinetic energy of the dart due to
rupturing of the film is used as an index of impact resistance.
Plastic Film
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
5. Significance and Use
Plastics Specimens
5.1 Evaluation of the impact toughness of film is important
D6988 Guide for Determination of Thickness of Plastic
inpredictingtheperformanceofamaterialinapplicationssuch
Film Test Specimens
as packaging, construction, and other uses. The test simulates
E171 Practice for Conditioning andTesting Flexible Barrier
theactionencounteredinapplicationswheremoderate-velocity
Packaging
blunt impacts occur in relatively small areas of film.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
5.2 The values obtained by this test method are highly
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
dependent on the method and conditions of film fabrication as
well as the type and grade of resin.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
5.3 Test methods employing different missile velocities,
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and Sheeting.
impinging surface diameters, or effective specimen diameters
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally
will most likely produce different results. Data obtained by this
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D 4272 - 08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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NOT
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4272–08 Designation:D4272–08a
Standard Test Method for
1
Total Energy Impact of Plastic Films By Dart Drop
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4272; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the total energy impact of plastic films by measuring the kinetic energy lost
by a free-falling dart that passes through the film.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—This test method and ISO 7765–2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content (and results cannot be directly compared
between the two test methods). The ISO test method calls for a direct readout of energy by using a load cell as part of the impactor head, while Test
Method D 4272 calls for a constant weight impactor, then measuring the time of travel through a given distance to get energy values.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D 1709 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film by the Free-Falling Dart Method
D 3420 Test Method for Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastic Film
D 5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
D 6988 Guide for Determination of Thickness of Plastic Film Test Specimens
E 171 Specification for Atmospheres for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Materials
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 7765–2 Plastics Film and Sheeting—Determination of Impact Resistance by the Free Falling Dart Method—Part 2:
Instrumented Puncture Test
3. Terminology
3.1 Terminology—For definitions, see Terminology D 883.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Terminology for Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 free-fall time—the measured time required for the dart to travel through the sensing area with no film specimen in the
clamp.
3.2.2 missile weight—the weight of the dart plus the total value of incremental weights attached, including the locking collar.
3.2.3 test-fall time—the measured time for the dart to travel through the sensing area with a film specimen in the clamp.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The velocity of a freely falling dart of specified shape that has passed through a sheet of plastic film is determined by means
of a photoelectric speed trap. The kinetic energy corresponding to this velocity is calculated and compared with the kinetic energy
of the same dart measured without a plastic film in place. The loss in kinetic energy of the dart due to rupturing of the film is used
as an index of impact resistance.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Evaluation of the impact toughness of film is important in predicting the performance of a material in applications such as
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and Sheeting .
Current edition approved MarchNov. 1, 2008. PublishedAprilNovember 2008. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as D 4272 - 038.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D4272–08a
FIG. 1 Elements of an Instrumented Dart Drop System
packaging, construction, and other uses. The test simulates the action encountered in applications where
...
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