ASTM E1559-03

Standard Test Method for Contamination Outgassing Characteristics of Spacecraft Materials

ABSTRACT
This test method covers a technique for generating data to characterize the kinetics of the release of outgassing products from spacecraft materials. This technique will determine both the total mass flux evolved by a material when exposed to a vacuum environment and the deposition of this flux on surfaces held at various specified temperatures. The quartz crystal microbalances used in this test method provide a sensitive technique for measuring very small quantities of deposited mass. There are two test methods in this standard: Test Method A and Test Method B. The test apparatus shall consists of four main subsystems: a vacuum chamber, a temperature control system, internal configuration, and a data acquisition system. A test procedure for collecting data and a test method for processing and presenting the collected data are included.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a technique for generating data to characterize the kinetics of the release of outgassing products from materials. This technique will determine both the total mass flux evolved by a material when exposed to a vacuum environment and the deposition of this flux on surfaces held at various specified temperatures.
1.2 This test method describes the test apparatus and related operating procedures for evaluating the total mass flux that is evolved from a material being subjected to temperatures that are between 298 and 398K. Pressures external to the sample effusion cell are less than 7 × 10−3 Pa (5 × 10−5 torr). Deposition rates are measured during material outgassing tests. A test procedure for collecting data and a test method for processing and presenting the collected data are included.
1.3 This test method can be used to produce the data necessary to support mathematical models used for the prediction of molecular contaminant generation, migration, and deposition.
1.4 All types of organic, polymeric, and inorganic materials can be tested. These include polymer potting compounds, foams, elastomers, films, tapes, insulations, shrink tubing, adhesives, coatings, fabrics, tie cords, and lubricants.
1.5 There are two test methods in this standard. Test Method A uses standardized specimen and collector temperatures. Test Method B allows the flexibility of user-specified specimen and collector temperatures, material and test geometry, and user-specified QCMs.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-2003
• ICS: 49.025.01 - Materials for aerospace construction in general
• Technical Committee: E21 - Space Simulation and Applications of Space Technology
• Drafting Committee: E21.05 - Contamination

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1559-00 - Standard Test Method for Contamination Outgassing Characteristics of Spacecraft Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM E1559-09 - Standard Test Method for Contamination Outgassing Characteristics of Spacecraft Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E1548-09(2022) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Aerospace Contamination Control Plans
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E2352-19 - Standard Practice for Aerospace Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments—Cleanroom Operations
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E2900-19 - Standard Practice for Spacecraft Hardware Thermal Vacuum Bakeout
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E2312-11(2019) - Standard Practice for Tests of Cleanroom Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E2311-04(2021) - Standard Practice for QCM Measurement of Spacecraft Molecular Contamination in Space
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 1559 – 03
Standard Test Method for
Contamination Outgassing Characteristics of Spacecraft
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1559; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
2
ASTM Test Methods
1.1 This test method covers a technique for generating data
E595 Test Method for Total Mass Loss and Collected
to characterize the kinetics of the release of outgassing
Volatile Condensable Materials from Outgassing in a
products from materials. This technique will determine both
3
Vacuum Environment
the total mass flux evolved by a material when exposed to a
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Use of
vacuumenvironmentandthedepositionofthisfluxonsurfaces
the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric
held at various specified temperatures.
2
System
1.2 Thistestmethoddescribesthetestapparatusandrelated
2.2 Military Standard:
operating procedures for evaluating the total mass flux that is
4
MIL-P-27401C Propellant Pressurizing Agent, Nitrogen
evolved from a material being subjected to temperatures that
are between 298 and 398K. Pressures external to the sample
3. Terminology
−3 −5
effusion cell are less than 7 3 10 Pa (5 3 10 torr).
3.1 Definitions:
Depositionratesaremeasuredduringmaterialoutgassingtests.
3.1.1 AT cut crystal, n—a quartz crystal orientation that
A test procedure for collecting data and a test method for
minimizes the temperature coefficient (frequency change ver-
processing and presenting the collected data are included.
sus temperature) over a wide range of temperature.
1.3 This test method can be used to produce the data
3.1.2 collected volatile condensable material, CVCM,
necessary to support mathematical models used for the predic-
n—(from Test Method E595). The quantity of outgassed
tion of molecular contaminant generation, migration, and
matter from a test specimen that condenses on a collector
deposition.
maintained at a specific constant temperature for a specified
1.4 All types of organic, polymeric, and inorganic materials
time and measured before and after the test outside the
can be tested. These include polymer potting compounds,
chamber.
foams, elastomers, films, tapes, insulations, shrink tubing,
3.1.2.1 Discussion—CVCM is specific to Test Method
adhesives, coatings, fabrics, tie cords, and lubricants.
E595 and is calculated from the condensate mass determined
1.5 Therearetwotestmethodsinthisstandard.TestMethod
from the difference in mass of the collector plate before and
Auses standardized specimen and collector temperatures. Test
after the test in a controlled laboratory environment. CVCM is
Method B allows the flexibility of user-specified specimen and
expressed as a percentage of the initial specimen mass. The
collector temperatures, material and test geometry, and user-
view factor is not considered; so all the VCM outgassing from
specified QCMs.
the sample may not be collected. Care should be used in
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
comparing the CVCM from Test Method E595 with VCM
standard.
from this test method.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, n—a tech-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
nique in which the difference in energy inputs into a substance
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and a reference material is measured as a function of tempera-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
turewhilethesubstanceandreferencematerialaresubjectedto
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
a controlled-temperature program.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.4 effusion cell, n—a container, placed in a vacuum, in
which a sample of material can be placed and heated to some
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specified temperature.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E21 on Space
2
Simulation andApplications of SpaceTechnology and is the direct responsibility of Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
3
Subcommittee E21.05 on Contamination. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.
4
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E1559–00. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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