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ASTM D5456-05a

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products

Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products

SCOPE
1.1 This specification recognizes the complexity of structural glued products. Consequently, this specification covers both specific procedures and statements of intent that sampling and analysis must relate to the specific product.
1.2 This specification was developed in the light of currently manufactured products as defined in . Materials that do not conform to the definitions are beyond the scope of this specification. A brief discussion is found in .
1.3 Details of manufacturing procedures are beyond the scope of this specification. Note 1There is some potential for manufacturing variables to affect the properties of members that are loaded for sustained periods of time. Users of this specification are advised to consider the commentary on this topic in .
1.4 This specification primarily considers end use in dry service conditions, such as with most protected framing members, where the average equilibrium moisture content for solid-sawn lumber is less than 16 %. The conditioning environment of is considered representative of such uses.
1.5 The performance of structural composite lumber is affected by wood species, wood element size and shape, and adhesive and production parameters. Therefore, products produced by each individual manufacturer shall be evaluated to determine their product properties, regardless of the similarity in characteristics to products produced by other manufacturers. Where a manufacturer produces product in more than one facility, each production facility shall be evaluated independently. For additional production facilities, any revisions to the full qualification program in accordance with this specification shall be approved by the independent qualifying agency.
1.6 This specification is intended to provide manufacturers, regulatory agencies, and end users with a means to evaluate a composite lumber product intended for use as a structural material.
1.7 This specification covers initial qualification sampling, mechanical and physical tests, analysis, and design value assignments. Requirements for a quality-control program and cumulative evaluations are included to ensure maintenance of allowable design values for the product.
1.8 This specification, or parts thereof, shall be applicable to structural composite lumber portions of manufactured structural components.
1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2005
ICS
79.060.01 - Wood-based panels in general
Technical Committee
D07 - Wood
Drafting Committee
D07.02 - Lumber and Engineered Wood Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5456-05 - Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D5456-06 - Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products
Effective Date
01-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7031-11(2019) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical and Physical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composite Products
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5055-19e1 - Standard Specification for Establishing and Monitoring Structural Capacities of Prefabricated Wood I-Joists
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D3737-18e1 - Standard Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for Structural Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D2559-12a(2018) - Standard Specification for Adhesives for Bonded Structural Wood Products for Use Under Exterior Exposure Conditions
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D2915-17(2022) - Standard Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Structural Wood and Wood-Based Products
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7469-22 - Standard Test Methods for End Joints in Structural Wood Products
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7033-22 - Standard Practice for Establishing Design Capacities for Oriented Strand Board (OSB) Wood-Based Structural-Use Panels
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D2395-17(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7770-12(2019) - Standard Test Method for Collection of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted During Simulated Manufacturing of Engineered Wood Products Via a Sealed Caul Plate Method
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7341-21 - Standard Practice for Establishing Characteristic Values for Flexural Properties of Structural Glued Laminated Timber by Full-Scale Testing
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D8223-19 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Fire-Retardant Treated Laminated Veneer Lumber
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7672-19 - Standard Specification for Evaluating Structural Capacities of Rim Board Products and Assemblies
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5457-23 - Standard Specification for Computing Reference Resistance of Wood-Based Materials and Structural Connections for Load and Resistance Factor Design
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005

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ASTM D5456-05a - Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber ProductsASTM D5456-05a - Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products
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ASTM D5456-05a - Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 5456 – 05a
Standard Specification for
1
Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Structural composite lumber is intended for use as an engineering material for a variety of end-use
applications. The composition of the lumber varies by wood species, adhesive composition, wood
element size, shape, and arrangement. To provide the intended performance, composite lumber
products require: (1) an evaluation of the mechanical and physical properties and their response to
end-use environments, and (2) establishment of and conformance to standard performance specifica-
tions for quality.
Procedures contained in this specification are also to be used for establishing the design properties
and for checking the effectiveness of property assignment and quality assurance procedures.
The quality assurance sections in this specification are intended to serve as a basis for designing
quality-control programs specific to each product. The objective is to ensure that design values
established in the qualification process are maintained.
This specification is arranged as follows:
Section
Qualification 6
Determination of Allowable Design Stresses 7
Independent Inspection 8
Quality Assurance 10
1. Scope bers, where the average equilibrium moisture content for
solid-sawn lumber is less than 16%. The conditioning envi-
1.1 This specification recognizes the complexity of struc-
ronment of 6.3 is considered representative of such uses.
tural glued products. Consequently, this specification covers
1.5 The performance of structural composite lumber is
bothspecificproceduresandstatementsofintentthatsampling
affected by wood species, wood element size and shape, and
and analysis must relate to the specific product.
adhesive and production parameters. Therefore, products pro-
1.2 This specification was developed in the light of cur-
duced by each individual manufacturer shall be evaluated to
3.2. Materials that
rently manufactured products as defined in
determine their product properties, regardless of the similarity
do not conform to the definitions are beyond the scope of this
incharacteristicstoproductsproducedbyothermanufacturers.
specification. A brief discussion is found in Appendix X1.
Where a manufacturer produces product in more than one
1.3 Details of manufacturing procedures are beyond the
facility, each production facility shall be evaluated indepen-
scope of this specification.
dently.Foradditionalproductionfacilities,anyrevisionstothe
NOTE 1—There is some potential for manufacturing variables to affect
full qualification program in accordance with this specification
the properties of members that are loaded for sustained periods of time.
shall be approved by the independent qualifying agency.
Users of this specification are advised to consider the commentary on this
1.6 This specification is intended to provide manufacturers,
topic in Appendix X1.
regulatory agencies, and end users with a means to evaluate a
1.4 This specification primarily considers end use in dry
composite lumber product intended for use as a structural
service conditions, such as with most protected framing mem-
material.
1.7 This specification covers initial qualification sampling,
1
mechanical and physical tests, analysis, and design value
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D07 onWood
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD07.02onLumberandEngineered
assignments. Requirements for a quality-control program and
Wood Products.
cumulative evaluations are included to ensure maintenance of
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally
allowable design values for the product.
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5456–05.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 5456 – 05a
1.8 Thisspecification,orpartsthereof,shallbeapplicableto D2915 Practice for Evaluating Allowable Properties for
structural composite lumber portions of manufactured struc- Grades of Structural Lumber
tural components. D3201 Test Method for Hygroscopic Properties of Fire-
1.9 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded Retardant Wood and Wood-Base Products
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for D3755 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
information only. Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
1.10
...

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ABSTRACT
This practice details the standard procedures for establishing the allowable properties for structural glued laminated timber (glulam). Allowable properties include: stress indexes; stress modification factors associated with slop of grain; stresses for bending, tension and compression parallel to the grain; horizontal shear; compression perpendicular to the grain; radial tension and compression stresses in curved members; grade adjustment factors; modulus of elasticity; and modulus of rigidity. This practice is limited to the calculation of allowable properties subject to the given procedures for the selection and arrangement of grades of lumber of the species considered. It does not cover the requirements for production, inspection and certification, but in order to justify the allowable properties developed using procedures in this practice, manufacturers must conform to recognized manufacturing standards.
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1.1 This practice covers the procedures for establishing allowable properties for structural glued laminated timber. Included are the allowable stresses for bending, tension and compression parallel to the grain, horizontal shear, compression perpendicular to the grain, and radial tension and compression in curved members. Also included are modulus of elasticity and modulus of rigidity.  
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1.1 This test method shall be used to measure the relative corner impact resistance and other damage that may occur during the rough handling of wood-base panels or composite materials. This test method is suitable for all wood-base panels such as plywood, oriented strand board, hardboard, particleboard and medium density fiberboard as well as other composite panel products.  
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1.1 This terminology standard covers a repository of terms and classifications essential for the business of Subcommittee D07.03.  
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ASTM D1666-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Conducting Machining Tests of Wood and Wood-Base Panel Materials

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4.1 Machining tests are made to determine the working qualities and characteristics of different species of wood and of different wood-based panel materials under a variety of machine operations such as are encountered in commercial manufacturing practice. The tests provide a systematic basis for comparing the behavior of different products with respect to woodworking machine operations and of evaluating their potential suitability for certain uses where these properties are of prime importance.
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1.3 Several factors enter into any complete appraisal of the machining properties of a given wood or wood-base panel. Quality of finished surface is recommended as the basis for evaluation of machining properties. Rate of dulling of cutting tools and power consumed in cutting are also important considerations but are beyond the scope of these test methods.  
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Note 1: This practice is based on ICC-ES Acceptance Criteria AC-182. Relative to the scope of AC-182, this practice is limited to OSB panels.
Note 2: While this practice makes reference to PS 2, this practice applies similarly to products certified to other standards such as CAN/CSA O325.
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Note 4: PS 2-10 replaced the use of nominal thicknesses with a classification term known as Performance Category, which is defined in PS 2 as “A panel designation related to the panel thickness range that is linked to the nominal panel thickness designations used in the International Building Code (IBC) and International Residential Code (IRC).” Therefore, the PS 2 Performance Category should be considered equivalent to the term “nominal thickness” used within this standard.  
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ASTM D7989-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Demonstrating Equivalent In-Plane Lateral Seismic Performance to Wood-Frame Shear Walls Sheathed with Wood Structural Panels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice documents cyclic performance benchmarks for shear walls constructed with wood structural panel (WSP) sheathing attached to dimension lumber framing using common or galvanized box nails as defined in 3.2.8.  
5.2 Procedures described in this practice provide a method to evaluate an alternative shear wall system’s SEPs to demonstrate equivalent in-plane lateral seismic performance to the reference shear wall system.  
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1.1 This practice establishes a method for alternative shear wall systems to compare seismic equivalency parameters (SEP) derived from cyclic in-plane racking tests to performance targets derived from tests of light-frame shear walls constructed with wood structural panel (WSP) sheathing attached to dimension lumber framing using nails.  
1.2 This practice considers only the performance of shear walls subject to cyclic lateral loading, parallel to the plane of the shear wall. Design of walls with openings and performance for other wall functions, such as out-of-plane bending, combined shear and uplift, and so forth are not considered.  
1.3 This practice is applicable only to shear walls where all vertical-load-supporting elements are intact at the end of the in-plane lateral load test and remain capable of supporting gravity loads. Wall assemblies whose vertical-load-supporting elements buckle or otherwise become incapable of supporting gravity loads during the lateral load test are outside the scope of this practice. In addition, for bearing wall systems, this practice assumes that the shear wall system under evaluation has documented design procedures to ensure that vertical-load-supporting elements have adequate resistance to the combined effect of compression loads caused by overturning and gravity loads.  
1.4 This practice does not address height limitations, detailing requirements, wall openings, derivation of design values for strength and stiffness, or other requirements and limitations that may be necessary for an alternative shear wall system. These requirements shall be provided elsewhere, such as by a suitable product standard for the alternative shear wall system.  
1.5 This practice assumes that the stiffness or deformation of the alternative shear wall system can be estimated, and that design loads within a structure will be distributed among seismically equivalent wall systems based on their relative stiffness.  
1.6 This practice is not intended to preclude other rational means of evaluating seismic performance.  
1.7 This practice assumes that the alternative shear wall system may be used alone or in combination with wood-frame shear walls sheathed with wood structural panels.  
1.8 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM D4933-16(2021)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Moisture Conditioning of Wood and Wood-Based Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Many physical and mechanical properties of wood and wood-based materials change in response to the environmental equilibrium moisture content, and any comparison of these properties must take moisture content into account. A consistent base for comparison among different test samples and different laboratories is necessary. Shrinkage and dimensional change in particular are dependent on moisture content, and tests involving their measurement must be conducted with good equilibrium moisture content control. Conditioning can also be important in industrial settings where there are optimum moisture content levels for many products and processes, and conformance to these levels can reduce losses in quality and yield.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers standard procedures for conditioning and equilibrating wood and wood-based materials to constant moisture content. The procedures apply to solid wood, wood-based fiber and particulate materials and panels, and wood products containing adhesives. They are intended for use in research and development activities, testing laboratories, quality control, and for all other classes of producers and users. This guide includes background material on the importance of moisture content control, important definitions and technical data, possible types of apparatus, procedures, and the importance of conditioning time. Users should recognize that the necessary degree of precision and bias varies with the intentions of the users. Some research and testing, for example, might require very close control of moisture content, whereas control in an industrial storage facility might not require such close control. This guide offers procedures that include these different requirements.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values of temperature in degrees Fahrenheit given in Table X1.2 are mathematical conversions that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the procedure section, Section 6, of this guide. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7612-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Categorizing Wood and Wood-Based Products According to Their Fiber Sources

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Voluntary forest certification systems have become an important factor in promoting sustainable forest management. The standards in use are highly variable, however. Even within a family of standards with a common label there is the potential for wide variations in practices. This prevents producers and consumers from using a certification label to characterize products according to a specific set of qualities or values. This practice creates a framework to differentiate products based on a set of qualities and values identified as important in the market for wood products. (A) See Appendix X3 for discussion of additional concepts related to sub-categorization of certified sources.(B) For the purposes of categorizing products under this practice, distributors and retailers can rely on “on-product” labels for chain of custody or a certified procurement system if they are not engaged in significant value-added processing or remanufacture. In lieu of an on‐product label, a certificate of compliance indicating conformance with the applicable chain of custody or certified procurement system is permitted.  
5.2 This practice is intended to be used by producers, distributors, retailers, or consumers who wish to understand where a product fits within three categories. At a minimum, the user will need to know the geographic origin of the wood going into a product and whether it is labeled or otherwise certified to a procurement system or chain of custody based on a voluntary forest management or certification standard. Producers who want to use this practice must be able to identify the geographic origin of the wood to at least the level needed to support the claims to consumers associated with a given category and described in 6.1.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice sets forth minimum criteria and evaluation requirements for products employing the use of different systems to trace wood fiber to sources operating under different forest management or forest certification systems.  
1.2 The purpose of this practice is to provide wood products manufacturers, distributors, and retailers with a system to provide clear, objective information to communicate to consumers regarding product conformance to different wood fiber tracing systems within specific forest management or forest certification programs. It provides a structure that segregates the different types of labels and tracing systems in use among major forest certification standards and other voluntary and regulatory standards governing the production of forest products.
Note 1: The principles in this practice apply internationally, provided that the required information is available to support categorization. For example, products certified to the globally recognized forest certification standards will meet the “Certified Sources” category regardless of their origin, and documented risk assessments (noted in Appendix X5) provide the basis upon which raw materials sourced from Canada and the United States can be deemed to meet the “Legal Sources” category. To categorize raw materials sourced outside of Canada and the United States as “Legal Sources,” it is recommended that the adopting entity develop supplemental provisions to address country-specific issues as needed.  
1.2.1 This practice provides an objective basis to differentiate among:
1.2.1.1 Non-controversial (that is, legal) sources of forest products,
1.2.1.2 Responsible sources of forest products (that is, non-controversial sources together with certified procurement systems or from forests managed using responsible practices), and
1.2.1.3 Certified sources of forest products (that is, non-controversial sources together with certified chain of custody).  
1.2.2 This practice is intended to provide a framework to help wood product vendors identify the competent and reliable evidence needed to substantiate product claims as required by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission’s Guides for ...

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ASTM
ASTM D1166-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Methoxyl Groups in Wood and Related Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Most of the methoxyl in wood is attributable to the lignin. This test method is used extensively in the study of lignin.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of methoxyl groups in wood and related materials (1-7).2 The test method is applicable to milled wood or sawdust, or by suitable adjustment in size of the test specimen, to fractions isolated from wood and lignin.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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