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ASTM D7899-13

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Merit of Dispersancy of In-Service Engine Oils with Blotter Spot Method

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Merit of Dispersancy of In-Service Engine Oils with Blotter Spot Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Dispersancy is the property that allows oil to suspend and carry away pollutants of diverse sources such as soot from combustion, metallic particles from wear, corrosion of mechanical parts, and insoluble products resulting from the aging of the oil.  
5.2 When poured on a specific filter paper, oil that is properly dispersing soot and other insolubles produces an evenly graduated spot. The distribution of the different zones (Fig. 1) will reflect the status of oil dispersancy.  
5.3 While the oil spreads out on the filter paper, the oil carries contaminants, and due to the lamination phenomenon of the oil film, the particles of same size deposit on the paper on the same concentric zones.  
5.4 This test method provides a simple technique for condition monitoring of the dispersancy property of in-service lubricants.  
5.5 An oil that is properly dispersing soot and other insolubles produces an evenly graduated blotter (see Fig. 2—Spot 1). A ring of light debris on the outer circumference of the circular spot also indicates that the oil has retained its dispersancy properties.  
5.6 A blotter indicating a high soot load, but even graduation, suggests the oil is still fit for service, but should be watched closely for degradation (see Fig. 2—Spot 2).  
5.7 When dispersancy begins to fail, the insolubles begin to form a dense ring on the exterior of the absorbing oil drop as in Fig. 2—Spot 3. A brown or yellow stain on the blotter spot indicates oxidation.  
5.8 Fig. 2—Spot 4 indicates the characteristic dense black dot and sharp periphery that indicates sludge and the loss of dispersancy as the particles have settled in the center and the oil has wicked outward.  
5.9 From a maintenance perspective, when the ring begins to form around the exterior of the oil blotter, it is time to look at scheduling a drain. If the black dot is allowed to form, the situation is problematic because the undispersed portion of soot that has deposited upon surfaces will not be...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the merit of dispersancy of diesel crankcase engine oils as well as other types of engine oils where pollutants of diverse sources such as soot from combustion, metallic particles from wear, corrosion of mechanical parts, and insoluble products resulting from the oxidation of the oil may contaminate the lubricant.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—It is not the intent of this test method to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning, or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2013
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.96.02 - Chemistry for the Evaluation of In-Service Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D7899-19 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Merit of Dispersancy of In-Service Engine Oils with Blotter Spot Method
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019

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ASTM D7899-13 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Merit of Dispersancy of In-Service Engine Oils with Blotter Spot MethodASTM D7899-13 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Merit of Dispersancy of In-Service Engine Oils with Blotter Spot Method
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ASTM D7899-13 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Merit of Dispersancy of In-Service Engine Oils with Blotter Spot Method
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7899 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Merit of Dispersancy of In-Service Engine
1
Oils with Blotter Spot Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7899; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit
formation, valve train wear, oil oxidation, and foaming are
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination
examples.
of the merit of dispersancy of diesel crankcase engine oils as
well as other types of engine oils where pollutants of diverse
3.1.2 diesel engine, n—a reciprocating or rotary engine in
sources such as soot from combustion, metallic particles from
whichignitionofthemainfuelcharge,asitisintroducedtothe
wear, corrosion of mechanical parts, and insoluble products
combustionchamber,shallbebytheheatofcompressionofthe
resulting from the oxidation of the oil may contaminate the
charge of combustion air, during regular operation of the
lubricant.
engine from idle speeds up to full speed, regardless of whether
miscellaneous methods to augment such heat of compression
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
are used to facilitate starting of the engine under normal
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
conditionsorunderlowambienttemperatureconditionsorlow
standard.
intake air temperature conditions.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Engines that are designed to operate
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
withacontinuouslyhotspotorbulborotherdevicetofacilitate
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ignition or combustion, or both, of low cetane fuels, or any
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
fuels slow to ignite or to burn, or both, shall be considered to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
be diesel engines for purposes of this test method.
NOTE 1—It is not the intent of this test method to establish or
recommendnormal,cautionary,warning,oralertlimitsforanymachinery. 3.1.3 engine oil, n—aliquidthatreducesfrictionorwear,or
Suchlimitsshouldbeestablishedinconjunctionwithadviceandguidance
both, between the moving parts within an engine; removes
from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.
heat, particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as
a combustion gas sealant for piston rings.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.3.1 Discussion—It may contain additives to enhance
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit
D7418Practice for Set-Up and Operation of Fourier Trans-
formation, valve train wear, oil oxidation, and foaming are
form Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometers for In-Service Oil
examples.
Condition Monitoring
3.1.4 oxidation, n—ofengineoil,thereactionoftheoilwith
an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, which can produce
3. Terminology
deleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested as
3.1 Definitions:
sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, or
3.1.1 diesel crankcase engine oils, n—an engine oil used in
corrosion, or a combination thereof.
the crankcase of the internal combustion diesel engine.
3.1.5 sludge, n—in internal combustion engines, a deposit,
3.1.1.1 Discussion—It may contain additives to enhance
principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-
uctsfromfuelcombustionandthelubricantthatdoesnotdrain
from engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
SubcommitteeD02.96.02onChemistryfortheEvaluationofIn-ServiceLubricants.
3.2.1 dispersancy—the property that allows oil to suspend
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013. Published January 2014. DOI: 10.1520/
D7899-13.
and carry away pollutants of diverse sources such as soot from
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
combustion, metallic particles from wear, corrosion of me-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
chanical parts, and insoluble products resulting from the aging
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. of the oil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7899 − 13
4. Summary of Test Method the oil fi
...

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1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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