ASTM C648-04(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength of Ceramic Tile
Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength of Ceramic Tile
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test method provides means for establishing whether or not a lot of ceramic tile meets the strength requirements which may appear in tile specifications. Tile strength is the force in pounds-force (or newtons), as read from the pressure gage, necessary to cause the tile to break.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking strength of glazed ceramic wall tile, ceramic mosaic tile, quarry tile, and paver tile, having a facial area of at least 1 in.2 (6.4 cm2).
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C648 − 04(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
1
Breaking Strength of Ceramic Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C648; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE 1—The size (facial dimensions) of otherwise equal tile affects the
1. Scope
value of breaking strength obtained by this test method. For instance, a 6
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the break-
by 6-in. (152 by 152-mm) tile equal in mature body properties and
1 1
ing strength of glazed ceramic wall tile, ceramic mosaic tile, thickness to a 4 ⁄4 by 4 ⁄4-in. (108 by 108-mm) tile will have a breaking
2
1 1
strength higher than the 4 ⁄4 by 4 ⁄4-in. tile.
quarry tile, and paver tile, having a facial area of at least 1 in.
2
(6.4 cm ).
5. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
5.1 The test method provides means for establishing
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
whether or not a lot of ceramic tile meets the strength
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
requirements which may appear in tile specifications. Tile
and are not considered standard.
strength is the force in pounds-force (or newtons), as read from
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the pressure gage, necessary to cause the tile to break.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 6. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1 1
6.1 Specimen-Support, consisting of a 5 ⁄2 by 5 ⁄2 by 1-in.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
(139.7 by 139.7 by 25.4-mm) steel block. Three ⁄4-in. (6.4-
3
mm) diameter and ⁄8-in. (9.5-mm) deep tapped holes are
2. Referenced Documents
arrangedinanequilateraltrianglehaving3-in.(76.2-mm)sides
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and whose circumscribed circle has a radius of 1.732 in. (44.0
C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
mm). The equilateral triangle is located on the steel block so
Products
thatitscentercoincideswiththatofthesteelblockandoneside
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
of the triangle runs parallel to one side of the steel block.Three
3 3
⁄8-in. diameter steel rods, 1 ⁄8 in. with (34.9 mm) long, one end
3. Terminology
3 1
threaded for a distance of ⁄8 in. with the same ⁄4-in. thread as
3.1 Definitions: the tapped holes, and the other end ground flat, fit into the three
3
3.1.1 For definitions of the types of tile listed in Section 1, holes. In a similar manner, a second set of three ⁄8-in. diameter
3
refer to Terminology C242. steel rods, but ⁄4 in. (19.0 mm) long only, are threaded on one
3
end for a distance of ⁄8-in., are ground flat on the other end and
1 1
4. Summary of Test Method
fitthreeother ⁄4-in.tappedholes.Thethree ⁄4-in.holes,tapped
3
for a distance of ⁄8 in. to receive this second set of steel rods
4.1 The test method consists of supporting the tile on the
are located at the apexes of an equilateral triangle having
ends of three cylindrical rods, or on three ball bearings for tiles
1
2 2
1 ⁄2-in. (38.1-mm) long sides and whose circumscribed circle
having an actual facial area of 9 in. (58 cm ) (or less),
has a radius of 0.866 in. (22.0 mm). This second equilateral
arranged in an equilateral triangle, and applying force at a
triangle is located within the first one in such a manner that its
definite rate to the center of the tile, which coincides with the
circumscribed circle is identical with the inscribed circle of the
center of the triangular support, until the specimen breaks.
first triangle, and its sides are parallel to those of the larger
1
triangle. The ball bearing support consists of three ⁄8-in.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic
(3.2-mm) ball bearings arranged in an equilateral triangle, with
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
sides of 14 mm concentric and parallel with the other triangles.
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
The bearings are embedded in the block to the extent of half
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published February 2009. Originally
1
their volume.The steel block has four more ⁄4-in. tapped holes
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C648 – 04. DOI:
10.1520/C0648-04R09.
to receive socket head cap screws for holding four registry
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
stops. One of these holes is located in the center of one side, ⁄4
contact ASTM Custome
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C 648–98 Designation:C 648–04 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
1
Breaking Strength of Ceramic Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 648; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking strength of glazed ceramic wall tile, ceramic mosaic tile, quarry
2 2
tile, and paver tile, having a facial area of at least 1 in. (6.4 cm ).
1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be
approximate.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
E 178 Practice for Dealing withWith Outlying Observations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of the types of tile listed in Section 1, refer to Terminology C 242.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test method consists of supporting the tile on the ends of three cylindrical rods, or on three ball bearings for tiles having
2 2
an actual facial area of 9 in. (58 cm ) (or less), arranged in an equilateral triangle, and applying force at a definite rate to the center
of the tile, which coincides with the center of the triangular support, until the specimen breaks.
NOTE 1—The size (facial dimensions) of otherwise equal tile affects the value of breaking strength obtained by this test method. For instance,a6by
1 1
6-in. (152 by 152-mm) tile equal in mature body properties and thickness to a 4 ⁄4 by 4 ⁄4-in. (108 by 108-mm) tile will have a breaking strength higher
1 1
than the 4 ⁄4 by 4 ⁄4-in. tile.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The test method provides means for establishing whether or not a lot of ceramic tile meets the strength requirements which
may appear in tile specifications. Tile strength is the force in pounds-force (or newtons), as read from the pressure gage, necessary
to cause the tile to break.
6. Apparatus
1 1 1
6.1 Specimen-Support, consisting of a 5 ⁄2 by 5 ⁄2 by 1-in. (139.7 by 139.7 by 25.4-mm) steel block. Three ⁄4-in. (6.4-mm)
3
diameter and ⁄8-in. (9.5-mm) deep tapped holes are arranged in an equilateral triangle having 3-in. (76.2-mm) sides and whose
circumscribed circle has a radius of 1.732 in. (44.0 mm). The equilateral triangle is located on the steel block so that its center
3
coincides with that of the steel block and one side of the triangle runs parallel to one side of the steel block. Three ⁄8-in. diameter
3 3 1
steel rods, 1 ⁄8 in. with (34.9 mm) long, one end threaded for a distance of ⁄8 in. with the same ⁄4-in. thread as the tapped holes,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C-21C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
Current edition approved July 10, 1998.Jan. 1, 2009. Published January 1999.February 2009. Originally published as C648–70.approved in 1970. Last previous edition
C648–84 (1994).approved in 2004 as C 648 – 04.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C 648–04 (2009)
3 3
and the other end ground flat, fit into the three holes. In a similar manner, a second set of three ⁄8-in. diameter steel rods, but ⁄4
3 1
in. (19.0 mm) long only, are threaded on one end for a distance of ⁄8-in., are ground flat on the other end and fit three other ⁄4-in.
1 3
tapped holes. The three ⁄4-in. holes, tapped
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C 648–04 Designation:C 648–04 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
1
Breaking Strength of Ceramic Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 648; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking strength of glazed ceramic wall tile, ceramic mosaic tile, quarry
2 2
tile, and paver tile, having a facial area of at least 1 in. (6.4 cm ).
1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be
approximate.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
E 178 Practice for Dealing withWith Outlying Observations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of the types of tile listed in Section 1, refer to Terminology C 242.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test method consists of supporting the tile on the ends of three cylindrical rods, or on three ball bearings for tiles having
2 2
an actual facial area of 9 in. (58 cm ) (or less), arranged in an equilateral triangle, and applying force at a definite rate to the center
of the tile, which coincides with the center of the triangular support, until the specimen breaks.
NOTE 1—The size (facial dimensions) of otherwise equal tile affects the value of breaking strength obtained by this test method. For instance,a6by
1 1
6-in. (152 by 152-mm) tile equal in mature body properties and thickness to a 4 ⁄4 by 4 ⁄4-in. (108 by 108-mm) tile will have a breaking strength higher
1 1
than the 4 ⁄4 by 4 ⁄4-in. tile.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The test method provides means for establishing whether or not a lot of ceramic tile meets the strength requirements which
may appear in tile specifications. Tile strength is the force in pounds-force (or newtons), as read from the pressure gage, necessary
to cause the tile to break.
6. Apparatus
1 1 1
6.1 Specimen-Support, consisting of a 5 ⁄2 by 5 ⁄2 by 1-in. (139.7 by 139.7 by 25.4-mm) steel block. Three ⁄4-in. (6.4-mm)
3
diameter and ⁄8-in. (9.5-mm) deep tapped holes are arranged in an equilateral triangle having 3-in. (76.2-mm) sides and whose
circumscribed circle has a radius of 1.732 in. (44.0 mm). The equilateral triangle is located on the steel block so that its center
3
coincides with that of the steel block and one side of the triangle runs parallel to one side of the steel block. Three ⁄8-in. diameter
3 3 1
steel rods, 1 ⁄8 in. with (34.9 mm) long, one end threaded for a distance of ⁄8 in. with the same ⁄4-in. thread as the tapped holes,
3 3
and the other end ground flat, fit into the three holes. In a similar manner, a second set of three ⁄8-in. diameter steel rods, but ⁄4
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramicWhitewaresandRelatedProductsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC21.06
on Ceramic Tile.
Current edition approved AprilJan. 1, 2004.2009. Published May 2004.February 2009. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 19982004 as
C648–98.C 648 – 04.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C 648–04 (2009)
3 1
in. (19.0 mm) long only, are threaded on one end for a distance of ⁄8-in., are ground flat on the other end and fit three other ⁄4-in.
1 3
tapped holes. The three ⁄4-in. holes, tapped for a distance of ⁄8 in. to receive this second set of steel rods are located at the apexes
1
of an equ
...
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