ASTM D1461-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Moisture or Volatile Distillates in Bituminous Paving Mixtures
Standard Test Method for Moisture or Volatile Distillates in Bituminous Paving Mixtures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used for determining either the amount of moisture or the amount of volatile petroleum distillates in bituminous paving mixtures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by direct measurement, of moisture or volatile fractions of the bitumen in bituminous paving mixtures.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D1461 − 11
Standard Test Method for
Moisture or Volatile Distillates in Bituminous Paving
1
Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1461; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4.2 Condenser, of the water-cooled reflux glass-tube type,
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havingacondenserjacketnotlessthan400mm(15 ⁄4in.)long
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by direct
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with an inner tube 9.5 to 12.7 mm ( ⁄8 to ⁄2 in.) in outside
measurement, of moisture or volatile fractions of the bitumen
diameter. The end of the condenser inserted in the trap shall be
in bituminous paving mixtures.
ground off at an angle of 30° from the vertical axis of the
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
condenser. For mixtures with very volatile solvents, it may be
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
necessary to supplement this water-cooled condenser with a
only.
second water-cooled condenser of approximately the same
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
dimensions.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.3 Trap, of well-annealed glass, of one of the following
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
types depending upon the purpose of the test:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.3.1 For determination of water in bituminous paving
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mixtures, a glass trap of 10 or 25-mL capacity shall be used.
The trap shall be graduated in 0.1-mL divisions with
2. Referenced Documents
60.05-mL maximum error below 1 mL, and in 0.2-mL
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
divisions with a 60.1-mL maximum error above 1 mL, as
D979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures
specified in Table 1 and Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4.
D6997 Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified Asphalt
Tapered Ball traps require adaptors for connection to the metal
still.
3. Significance and Use
4.3.2 For determination of the volatile fractions of the
3.1 This test method is used for determining either the
bitumen, the trap shall conform to the dimensions shown in
amount of moisture or the amount of volatile petroleum
Fig. 5.
distillates in bituminous paving mixtures.
4.4 Solvent—For general use, an aromatic solvent is
preferred, since it has high solvency and dispersing power for
4. Apparatus
most bituminous materials. Xylene, or a blend of 20 % toluene
4.1 Metal Still— A vertical cylindrical still, similar to that
and 80 % xylene, is recommended. For asphalts and similar
used in Test Methods D6997, having a faced flange at the top
petroleum products, a petroleum distillate, 5 % boiling be-
to which the head is tightly attached by means of a clamp. The
tween 90 and 100°C, and 90 % distilling below 210°C may be
head shall be of metal, preferably of copper or brass, and shall
used. For coal-tar, water-gas tar, and similar materials, the
have tube opening of 25.4 mm (1 in) of inside diameter to
aromatic solvent must be used.
facilitate attachment of the specified trap/condenser assembly.
4.5 Heating Device— Any satisfactory source of heat that
will be capable of maintaining a rate of distillation of 85 to 95
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
drops/min.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.25 on
Analysis of Asphalt Mixtures.
5. Sampling
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally
approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D1461 – 85 (2006).
5.1 Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with the
DOI: 10.1520/D1461-11.
2
procedures set forth in Test Methods D979.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2 The sample shall be representative of the material and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. shall be of such size as practical to fill the container in which
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
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D1461 − 11
TABLE 1 Dimensions and Sizes of Traps
Description Small-
Size of est Scale
Top of Bottom of Bottom of
Style Figure Trap, Range, mL Scale Error
Graduated Graduated Vapor
mL Division, max, mL
Tube Tube Tube
mL
0to 1.0 0.1 0.05
A$¯ joint conical $¯
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D1461–85(Reapproved 2006) Designation:D1461–11
Standard Test Method for
Moisture or Volatile Distillates in Bituminous Paving
1
Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1461; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by direct measurement, of moisture or volatile fractions of the bitumen in
bituminous paving mixtures.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: D244Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
D979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures
D6997 Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified Asphalt
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is used for determining either the amount of moisture or the amount of volatile petroleum distillates in
bituminous paving mixtures.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Metal Still— A vertical cylindrical still, similar to that used in Test Methods D244D6997, having a faced flange at the top
to which the head is tightly attached by means of a clamp. The head shall be of metal, preferably of copper or brass, and shall be
provided with a tubulation have tube opening of 25.4 mm (1 in.) inin) of inside diameter to facilitate attachment of the specified
trap/condenser assembly.
3
4.2 Condenser, of the water-cooled reflux glass-tube type, having a condenser jacket not less than 400 mm (15 ⁄4 in.) long with
3 1
an inner tube 9.5 to 12.7 mm ( ⁄8 to ⁄2 in.) in outside diameter. The end of the condenser inserted in the trap shall be ground off
at an angle of 30° from the vertical axis of the condenser. For mixtures with very volatile solvents, it may be necessary to
supplement this water-cooled condenser with a second water-cooled condenser of approximately the same dimensions.
4.3 Trap, of well-annealed glass, of one of the following types depending upon the purpose of the test:
4.3.1 For determination of water in bituminous paving mixtures, a glass trap of 10 or 25-mL capacity shall be used. The trap
shall be graduated in 0.1-mL divisions with 60.05-mL maximum error below 1 mL, and in 0.2-mL divisions with a 60.1-mL
maximum error above 1 mL, as specified in Table 1 and Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4. Tapered Ball traps require adaptors for
connection to the metal still.
4.3.2 For determination of the volatile fractions of the bitumen, the trap shall conform to the dimensions shown in Fig. 5.
4.4 Solvent—For general use, an aromatic solvent is preferred, since it has high solvency and dispersing power for most
bituminous materials. Xylene, or a blend of 20 % toluene and 80 % xylene, is recommended. For asphalts and similar petroleum
products, a petroleum distillate, 5 % boiling between 90 and 100°C (194 100°C, and 212°F), and 90 % distilling below 210°C
(410°F) may be used. For coal-tar, water-gas tar, and similar materials, the aromatic solvent must be used.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.25 onAnalysis
of Bituminous Mixtures.
Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originally approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D1461–85(2001). DOI:
10.1520/D1461-85R06.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D1461 – 85 (2006). DOI:
10.1520/D1461-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
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