ASTM F109-04(2009)
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on Ceramics
Standard Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on Ceramics
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology describes and illustrates imperfections observed on whitewares and related products. For additional definitions of terms relating to whitewares and related products, refer to Terminology C 242. To observe these defects, examination shall be performed visually, with or without the aid of a dye penetrant, as described in Test Method C 949. Agreement by the manufacturer and the purchaser regarding specific techniques of observation is strongly recommended.
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Designation:F109–04 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Terminology Relating to
Surface Imperfections on Ceramics
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF109;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope broken could form a pit, pock, or hole.
1.1 This terminology describes and illustrates imperfections
observed on whitewares and related products. For additional
definitions of terms relating to whitewares and related prod-
ucts, refer to Terminology C242. To observe these defects,
examination shall be performed visually, with or without the
aid of a dye penetrant, as described in Test Method C949.
burr—fragment of excess material or foreign particle adhering
Agreement by the manufacturer and the purchaser regarding
to the surface.
specific techniques of observation is strongly recommended.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
Products
C949 Test Method for Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares by
Dye Penetration
camber—a single arch of curvature. (See also waviness.)
E165 PracticeforLiquidPenetrantExaminationforGeneral
Industry
3. Terminology
blemish—strained or discolored area attributable to normal
composition or forming, or both. (See also inclusion.)
chip—area along an edge or corner where the material has
broken off.
blister—bubble or gaseous inclusion at the surface which if
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on
CeramicWhitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of C21.01
Editorial and Teminology on Nomenclature.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published February 2009. Originally
where:
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved 2004 as F109 – 04. DOI:
10.1520/F0109-04R09.
w = width
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
l = length, and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
d = depth.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. closed chip—fractured area on the edge or corner when the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F109–04 (2009)
material has not broken off (Syn. potential chip). crazing—the cracking that occurs in fired glazes or other
ceramic coatings as a result of tensile stresses, may also
occur in the surface portion of uncoated (unglazed) whitew-
are bodies.
where:
W = width
l = length, and
d = depth.
crack—line of fracture without complete separation.
fin—fine feather-edge protrusion from the surface (Syn. flash).
crawling—apartingandcontractionoftheglazeonthesurface
of ceramic ware during drying or firing, resulting in un-
glazed areas bordered by coalesced glaze.
F109–04 (2009)
flow line—one or more streaks distinguished by a difference in inclusion—embedded foreign material or a stain other than
light reflectance from the surrounding area, charateristic of from normal composition or forming, or both (see blemish).
injection-molded parts. (See also weld mark.)
kink—atypeofwavinessoccurringinteriortotheedges,notto
be confused with the more abru
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F109–04 Designation: F 109 – 04 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Terminology Relating to
Surface Imperfections on Ceramics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology describes and illustrates imperfections observed on whitewares and related products. For additional
definitions of terms relating to whitewares and related products, refer toTerminology C 242.To observe these defects, examination
shall be performed visually, with or without the aid of a dye penetrant, as described in Test Method C 949. Agreement by the
manufacturer and the purchaser regarding specific techniques of observation is strongly recommended.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
C949 949 Test Method for Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares by Dye Penetration
E165 Practicefor Liquid Penetrant Inspection Method 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination
3. Terminology
blemish—strained or discolored area attributable to normal composition or forming, or both. (See also inclusion .)
blister—bubble or gaseous inclusion at the surface which if broken could form a pit, pock, or hole.
burr—fragment of excess material or foreign particle adhering to the surface.
camber—a single arch of curvature. (See also waviness.)
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of C21.01 Editorial
and Teminology on Nomenclature.
Current edition approved MayJan. 1, 2004.2009. Published June 2004.February 2009. Originally approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved 20012004 as
F109–91(2001).F 109 – 04.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 109 – 04 (2009)
chip—area along an edge or corner where the material has broken off.
where:
w = width
l = length, and
d = depth.
closed chip—fractured area on the edge or corner when the material has not broken off (Syn. potential chip).
where:
W = width
l = length, and
d = depth.
crack—line of fracture without complete separation.
crawling—apartingandcontractionoftheglazeonthesurfaceofceramicwareduringdryingorfiring,resultinginunglazed areas
bordered by coalesced glaze.
crazing—the cracking that occurs in fired glazes or other ceramic coatings as a result of tensile stresses, may also occur in the
F 109 – 04 (2009)
surface portion of uncoated (unglazed) whiteware bodies.
fin—fine feather-edge protrusion from the surface (Syn. flash).
F 109 – 04 (2009)
flow line—one or more streaks distinguished by a difference in light reflectance from the surrounding area, charateristic of
injection-molded parts. (See also weld mark.)
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F109–91(Reapproved 1996) Designation: F 109 – 04 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Terminology Relating to
Surface Imperfections on Ceramics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology describes and illustrates imperfections observed on whitewares and related products. For additional
definitions of terms relating to whitewares and related products, refer toTerminology C 242.To observe these defects, examination
shall be performed visually, with or without the aid of a dye penetrant, as described in Test Method C 949. Agreement by the
manufacturer and the purchaser regarding specific techniques of observation is strongly recommended.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
C949 Test 949 Test Method for Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares by Dye Penetration
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Inspection Method 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination
3. Terminology
blemish—strained or discolored area attributable to normal composition or forming, or both. (See also inclusion .)
blister—bubble or gaseous inclusion at the surface which if broken could form a pit, pock, or hole.
burr—fragment of excess material or foreign particle adhering to the surface.
camber—a single arch of curvature. (See also waviness.)
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C-21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcomittee C21.01
on Nomenclature.
´1
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 1991. Published February 1992. Originally published as F109–69T. Last previous edition F109–73(1991) .
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of C21.01 Editorial
and Teminology on Nomenclature.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published February 2009. Originally approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved 2004 as F 109 – 04.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 15.02.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 109 – 04 (2009)
chip—area along an edge or corner where the material has broken off.
where:
w = width
l = length, and
d = depth.
closed chip—fractured area on the edge or corner when the material has not broken off (Syn. potential chip).
where:
W = width
l = length, and
d = depth.
crack—line of fracture without complete separation.
crawling—apartingandcontractionoftheglazeonthesurfaceofceramicwareduringdryingorfiring,resultinginunglazed areas
bordered by coalesced glaze.
crazing—the cracking that occurs in fired glazes or other ceramic coatings as a result of tensile stresses, may also occur in the
F 109 – 04 (2009)
surface portion of uncoated (unglazed) whiteware bodies.
fin—fine feather-edge protrusion from the surface (Syn. flash).
F 109 – 04 (2009)
flow line
...
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