ASTM D1085-65(1990)
(Practice)Practice for Gauging Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Available as Separate Reprint Only) (Withdrawn 1995)
Practice for Gauging Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Available as Separate Reprint Only) (Withdrawn 1995)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
ASTM DI1085 b5 W 0759530 0529252 3VT =
Designation: D 1085 - 65 (Reapproved 1990) An Ameiican NaïN Standard
11) Standard: 2545
Standard Practice for
Gaging Petroleum and Petroleum Products'
This practice has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the cooperaring societies in accordance with established
procedures.
This practice has been adopteddfor use by government agencies to replace Method 8003 of Federal Test Method Standard No. 791b.
This practice describes the standard procedures for gaging crude petroleum and its liquid products in various types of tanks,
containers, and carriers. Sections 3 to 58 are applicable for measuring quantities of liquids having Reid vapor pressures (Rvp)
under 40 lb; Sections 59 to 64 are applicable for measuring liquefied petroleum gases and other products having Rvp of 40 lb
or more. The determination of temperature, API gravity, and sediment and water are not within the scope of this method,
of portable equipment used fo
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some petroleum products are treated with mineral acid as part of the refining procedure. Obviously, any residual mineral acid in a petroleum product is undesirable. The absence of a positive indication in the test for acidity of the distillation residue or aqueous extract of a hydrocarbon liquid is an assurance of the care used in refining the fuel or solvent.
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1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of the acidity of hydrocarbon liquids and their distillation residues. (Warning—Many hydrocarbon liquids are extremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Hydrocarbon liquid vapors can cause a flash fire.)
1.2 If desired to determine the basicity of a hydrocarbon liquid, proceed in accordance with 9.2 or 9.3, but substitute 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution for the methyl orange indicator. A pink or red color in the aqueous solution when phenolphthalein is used indicates basicity.
1.3 The results obtained by this test method are qualitative expressions. However, for the preparation of reagents and in the procedure, acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
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1.1 This test method covers and is intended primarily for the detection of mercaptans in motor fuel, kerosine, and similar petroleum products. This method may also provide information on hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur that may be present in these sample types.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.3.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 ASTM test methods are frequently intended for use in the manufacture, selling, and buying of materials in accordance with specifications and therefore should provide such precision that when the test is properly performed by a competent operator, the results will be found satisfactory for judging the compliance of the material with the specification. Statements addressing precision and bias are required in ASTM test methods. These then give the user an idea of the precision of the resulting data and its relationship to an accepted reference material or source (if available). Statements addressing determinability are sometimes required as part of the test method procedure in order to provide early warning of a significant degradation of testing quality while processing any series of samples.
5.2 Repeatability and reproducibility are defined in the precision section of every Committee D02 test method. Determinability is defined above in Section 3. The relationship among the three measures of precision can be tabulated in terms of their different sources of variation (see Table 1).
5.2.1 When used, determinability is a mandatory part of the Procedure section. It will allow operators to check their technique for the sequence of operations specified. It also ensures that a result based on the set of determined values is not subject to excessive variability from that source.
5.3 A bias statement furnishes guidelines on the relationship between a set of test results and a related set of accepted reference values. When the bias of a test method is known, a compensating adjustment can be incorporated in the test method.
5.4 This practice is intended for use by D02 subcommittees in determining precision estimates and bias statements to be used in D02 test methods. Its procedures correspond with ISO 4259 and are the basis for the Committee D02 computer software, Calculation of Precision Data: Petroleum Test Methods. The use of this practice replaces that of Re...
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1.1 This practice covers the necessary preparations and planning for the conduct of interlaboratory programs for the development of estimates of precision (determinability, repeatability, and reproducibility) and of bias (absolute and relative), and further presents the standard phraseology for incorporating such information into standard test methods.
1.2 This practice is generally limited to homogeneous petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants with which serious sampling problems (such as heterogeneity or instability) do not normally arise.
1.3 This practice may not be suitable for products with sampling problems as described in 1.2, solid or semisolid products such as petroleum coke, industrial pitches, paraffin waxes, greases, or solid lubricants when the heterogeneous properties of the substances create sampling problems. In such instances, consult a trained statistician.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The absorbance of liquids and the absorptivity of liquid and solids at specified wavelengths in the ultraviolet are useful in characterizing petroleum products.
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the ultraviolet absorption of a variety of petroleum products. It covers the absorbance of liquids or the absorptivity of liquids and solids, or both, at wavelengths in the region from 220 nm to 400 nm of the spectrum.
1.2 The use of this test method implies that the conditions of measurement—wavelength, solvent (if any), sample path length, and sample concentration—are specified by reference to one of the examples of the application of this test method in the annexes or by a statement of other conditions of measurement.
1.3 Examples of the application of this test method are the absorptivity of refined petroleum wax, and the absorptivity of USP petrolatum.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in Fahrenheit, feet, and inches, indicated in parentheses, are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.3.1, 7.3.3, and 13.4.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a means of monitoring the sulfur level of various petroleum products and additives. This knowledge can be used to predict performance, handling, or processing properties. In some cases the presence of sulfur compounds is beneficial to the product and monitoring the depletion of sulfur can provide useful information. In other cases the presence of sulfur compounds is detrimental to the processing or use of the product.
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1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of total sulfur in petroleum products including lubricating oils containing additives, and in additive concentrates. This test method is applicable to samples boiling above 177 °C (350 °F). Other sulfur concentrations outside of those listed in 1.1.1 and 1.1.2 may be analyzed, but the precision stated may or may not apply. These procedures use IR detection or TCD following combustion in a furnace.
1.1.1 Procedure A, IR Detection:
1.1.1.1 This procedure is applicable to samples containing a mass fraction of sulfur between 0.22 % and 24.2 %.
1.1.1.2 Petroleum coke containing a mass fraction of sulfur between 2.53 % to 3.79 % sulfur may be analyzed.
1.1.2 Procedure B, TCD Detection:
1.1.2.1 This procedure is applicable to samples containing a mass fraction of sulfur between 0.071 % and 25.8 %.
1.1.2.2 Petroleum coke containing a mass fraction of sulfur between 0.19 % to 6.38 % sulfur may be analyzed.
1.2 Petroleum coke containing a mass fraction of sulfur between 2.53 % to 3.79 % sulfur may be analyzed. Other sulfur concentrations may be analyzed, but the precision stated may or may not apply.
Note 1: The D1552 – 08 (2014) version of this standard contained two other procedures using iodate titrations. Since these procedures are no longer being used in the industry laboratories based on a survey of D02.SC 3 laboratories conducted in September 2014, they are being deleted. For earlier information on the deleted procedures, D1552 – 08 (2014) may be perused.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
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4.1 A petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants testing laboratory plays a crucial role in product quality management and customer satisfaction. It is essential for a laboratory to provide quality data. This document provides guidance for establishing and maintaining a quality management system in a laboratory.
4.1.1 The word ‘customer’ can refer to both customers internal and external to the laboratory or organization.
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1.1 This practice covers the establishment and maintenance of the essentials of a quality management system in laboratories engaged in the analysis of petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants. It is designed to be used in conjunction with Practice D6299.
Note 1: This practice is based on the quality management concepts and principles advocated in ANSI/ISO/ASQ Q9000 standards, ISO/IEC 17025, ASQ Manual,2 and ASTM standards such as D3244, D4182, D4621, D6299, D6300, D7372, E29, E177, E456, E548, E882, E994, E1301, E1323, STP 15D,3 and STP 1209.4
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4.1 A petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants testing laboratory plays a crucial role in product quality management and customer satisfaction. It is essential for a laboratory to provide quality data. This document provides guidance for establishing and maintaining a quality management system in a laboratory.
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1.1 This practice covers the establishment and maintenance of the essentials of a quality management system in laboratories engaged in the analysis of petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants. It is designed to be used in conjunction with Practice D6299.
Note 1: This practice is based on the quality management concepts and principles advocated in ANSI/ISO/ASQ Q9000 standards, ISO/IEC 17025, ASQ Manual,2 and ASTM standards such as D3244, D4182, D4621, D6299, D6300, D7372, E29, E177, E456, E548, E882, E994, E1301, E1323, STP 15D,3 and STP 1209.4
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the composition of hydrocarbon refinery streams is useful for process control and quality assurance.
5.2 Aromatics in gasoline are soon to be limited by federal mandate. This test method can be used to provide such information.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics by carbon number in low olefinic hydrocarbon streams having final boiling points of 200 °C or less. Hydrocarbons with boiling points greater than 200 °C and less than 270 °C are reported as a single group. Olefins, if present, are hydrogenated and the resultant saturates are included in the paraffin and naphthene distribution. Aromatics boiling at C9 and above are reported as a single aromatic group.
1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individual components except for benzene and toluene that are the only C6 and C7 aromatics, respectively, and cyclopentane that is the only C5 naphthene. The lower limit of detection for a single hydrocarbon component or group is 0.05 % by mass.
1.3 This test method is applicable to hydrocarbon mixtures including virgin, catalytically converted, thermally converted, alkylated and blended naphtha.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4.1 The abbreviation for SI unit “coulomb” is “C”.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8 and Table 1.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Knowledge of the boiling point distribution of stabilized crude oils is important for the marketing, scheduling, and processing of crude oil in the petroleum industry. Test Method D7169 and IP 545 purport to give such a distribution in crude oils, but are susceptible to significant errors in the light ends portion of the distribution as well as in the mass recovery of the whole crude oil due to the interference imposed by the diluent solvent. This test method allows for more accurate determination of the front end of the boiling point distribution curve, in addition to providing important C1 to C9 (nonane) component level information, and more accurate mass recovery at C9 (nonane).
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1.1 This test method specifies a method to determine the boiling range distribution of hydrocarbons in stabilized crude oil up to and including n-nonane. A stabilized crude oil is defined as having a Reid Vapor Pressure equivalent to or less than 82.7 kPa. The results of this test method can be combined with those from Test Method D7169 and IP 545 to give a full boiling point distribution of a crude oil (see Appendix X3).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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