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ASTM D6895-03

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Rotational Viscosity of Heavy Duty Diesel Drain Oils at 100°C

Standard Test Method for Rotational Viscosity of Heavy Duty Diesel Drain Oils at 100°C

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the rotational viscosity and the shear thinning properties of heavy duty diesel engine drain oils at 100°C, in the shear rate range of approximately 10 to 300 s-1, in the shear stress range of approximately 0.1 to 10 Pa and the viscosity range of approximately 12 to 35 mPas. Rotational viscosity values can be compared at a shear rate of 100 s-1 by this test method.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-2003
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.07 - Flow Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6895-03e1 - Standard Test Method for Rotational Viscosity of Heavy Duty Diesel Drain Oils at 100°C
Effective Date
10-May-2003

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ASTM D6895-03 - Standard Test Method for Rotational Viscosity of Heavy Duty Diesel Drain Oils at 100°CASTM D6895-03 - Standard Test Method for Rotational Viscosity of Heavy Duty Diesel Drain Oils at 100°C
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ASTM D6895-03 - Standard Test Method for Rotational Viscosity of Heavy Duty Diesel Drain Oils at 100°C
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D6895–03
Standard Test Method for
Rotational Viscosity of Heavy Duty Diesel Drain Oils at
100°C
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6895; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ln~shearstress!5ln b 1 cln~shearrate! (2)
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the rota- 3.1.1.1 Discussion—A rate index of c = 1 signifies Newto-
nian fluid behavior. Values less than one indicate increasing
tionalviscosityandtheshearthinningpropertiesofheavyduty
diesel engine drain oils at 100°C, in the shear rate range of non-Newtonian, shear thinning behavior.
-1
3.1.2 rotational viscosity—the viscosity obtained by use of
approximately 10 to 300 s , in the shear stress range of
approximately 0.1 to 10 Pa and the viscosity range of approxi- this test method.
3.1.3 VIS100 DEC—rotationalviscosityatshearrateof100
mately 12 to 35 mPa·s. Rotational viscosity values can be
-1 , -1
compared at a shear rate of 100 s by this test method. s , decreasing shear stress or shear rate sweep.
3.1.4 VIS100 INC—rotational viscosity at shear rate of 100
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
-1
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the s , increasing shear stress or shear rate sweep.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 The sample is placed in a controlled stress or controlled
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
shear rate rheometer/viscometer at 100°C. The sample is
-1
2. Referenced Documents
presheared at 10 s for 30 s followed by heating at 100°C for
-1
10 min.An increasing shear rate (approximately 10 to 300 s )
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and or shear stress (0.1 to 10 Pa) sweep is run followed by a
decreasing sweep. The rotational viscosity for each step
Petroleum Products
-1
D5967 TestMethodforEvaluationofDieselEngineOilsin (increasing and decreasing) at 100 s shear rate is interpolated
T-8 Diesel Engine from the viscosity versus shear rate data table. The rate index,
as a measure of shear thinning, is calculated from a plot of ln
D6299 Practice forApplying Statistical QualityAssurance
Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System (shear stress) versus ln (shear rate).
Performance
5. Significance and Use
3. Terminology
5.1 Rotationalviscositymeasurementsallowthedetermina-
tionofthenon-Newtonian,shearthinningpropertyofdrainoil.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 rate index—the exponent, c, in these expressions Rotational viscosity values can be compared at a shear rate of
-1 ,
100 s by this test method.
relating shear rate and shear stress:
c
shearstress 5 b~shearrate! (1)
6. Apparatus
6.1 This test method uses rheometers/viscometers of the
controlled stress or controlled rate mode of operation. The test
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee method requires the use of cone and plate or concentric
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
cylinder measuring geometries capable of operating in the
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published July 2003.
range of approximately 0.1 to 10 Pa for shear stress and 10 to
Selby, K., “Rheology of Soot–thickened Diesel Engine Oils,” SAE 981369,
-1
300s forshearrate.Instrumentdataloggingorsoftwareshall
May 1998.
George, H. F., Bardasz, E.A., and Soukup, B., “Understanding SMOTthrough
be capable of delivering shear stress versus shear rate data and
Designed Experimentation Part 3: An Improved approach to Drain Oil Viscosity
viscosity versus shear rate data in tabular form. Temperature
Measurements—Rotational Rheology,” SAE 97692, May 1997.
4 shall be controlled to 100 6 0.2°C at equilibrium. Some
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6895–03
rheometers have a 99.9°C set point limit and would be 11.4 A specimen of the sample shall be taken for analysis
acceptable for this test method. promptly following the shaking and dissipation procedure of
11.3.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Standard Newtonian Reference Oil,calibratedinviscos- 12. Procedure
ity in the range of 12 to 35 mPa·s at 100°C.
12.1 Run the procedure in accordance with the instrument
geometry requirements and the manufacturers’ recommenda-
8. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
tions to obtain shear stress versus shear rate data in the ranges
-1
8.1 Ensure the test specimen is homogeneous. Engine sam-
of 0.1 to 10 Pa and 10 to 300 s . The order of steps is as
pling is generally specified in the test method, for example,
follows:
Test Method D5967. Manual sampling from the container can
12.1.1 Load sample.
be done in accordance with Practice D4057.
12.1.2 Equilibrate at 100°C (maximum 10 min).
-1
12.1.3 Preshear sample at 10 s for 30 s.
9. Preparation of Apparatus
12.1.4 Stop preshear.
9.1 Prepare the apparatus in accordance with manufacturers
12.1.5 Preheat sample at 100°C for 10 min.
directions. The apparatus shall be capable of viscosity mea-
12.1.6 Run increasing stress or rate sweep for duration of
surementtowithin5%ofthestandardNewtonianreferenceoil
approximately 10 min to generate data of shear stress, shear
viscosity and a rate index value of 0.98 to 1.02 indicating a
rate and viscosity followed immediately by the next step. The
Newtonian fluid.
run time will vary somewhat among different instruments and
procedures.Times as low as 2 min and as high as 20 min have
10. Calibration and Standardization
been utilized successfully to run this test method.
10.1 A Newtonian viscosity standard in the range 12 to 35
12.1.7 Run decreasing stress or rate sweep for duration of
mPa·s at 100°C shall be used to verify instrument calibration.
approximately 10 min to generate data of shear stress, shear
Run the procedure as in Section 12.Aplot of shear stress (Pa)
rate, and viscosity.
-1
versus shear rate (s ) shall be linearly regressed to yield a
12.1.8 Cleansamplefrominstrumentinaccordancewiththe
slope and intercept. Results shall be:
manufacturers’ instructions. Cone and plate systems may be
Intercept, < 0.1 Pa
cleaned by wiping with a rag followed by an appropriate
Slope = viscosity value within 5 % of certified value, mPa·s
solvent.
Correlation coefficient, r > 0.9998
This calibration procedure should be repeated if any
criteria are not met
13. Calculation or Interpretation of Results
The instrument manufacturer should be contacted if the
criteria cannot be met
13.1 Analyze the increasing and decreasing sweeps sepa-
The operator shall not proceed with this procedure if the
rately.
cal
...

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1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.  
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1.5 If the user’s specification requires a defined flash point method other than this method, neither this method nor any other test method should be substituted for the prescribed test method without obtaining comparative data and an agreement from the specifier.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius, pressure in kilo-Pascals.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2 and 8.5.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by th...

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ASTM
ASTM D665-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In many instances, such as in the gears of a steam turbine, water can become mixed with the lubricant, and rusting of ferrous parts can occur. This test indicates how well inhibited mineral oils aid in preventing this type of rusting. This test method is also used for testing hydraulic and circulating oils, including heavier-than-water fluids. It is used for specification of new oils and monitoring of in-service oils.
Note 3: This test method was used as a basis for Test Method D3603. Test Method D3603 is used to test the oil on separate horizontal and vertical test rod surfaces, and can provide a more discriminating evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the ability of inhibited mineral oils, particularly steam-turbine oils, to aid in preventing the rusting of ferrous parts should water become mixed with the oil. This test method is also used for testing other oils, such as hydraulic oils and circulating oils. Provision is made in the procedure for testing heavier-than-water fluids.
Note 1: For synthetic fluids, such as phosphate ester types, the plastic holder and beaker cover should be made of chemically resistant material suitable for the type of fluid tested.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.4 – 7.6.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2425-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.  
5.2 A test method to determine total cycloparafins and low level aromatic content is necessary to meet specifications for aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons that have a boiling range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F), 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C12 and C16 and containing paraffins from C10 and C18 can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH 2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14  (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH 2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.  
Note 1: This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters for users with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products that contain no significant olefin content.
Biodiesel (FAME components) could interfere with the separation of the sample and the characteristic mass fragments of FAME compounds are not defined in the procedure.
Hydrocarbons containing tertiary carbon fragments, sometimes found in synthetic aviation fuels, will interfere with the characteristic mass fragments of paraffins and result in a false, elevated cycloparaffin content.
Note 2: “No significant olefin content” for this method means D1319.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 11.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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