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ASTM G9-07(2020)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings

Standard Test Method for Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The deterioration of an insulating coating film is intimately related to its moisture content. The water penetration test provides a means for monitoring the passage of moisture through a coating material by means of changes in its dielectric constant. When expressed in relation to time, the test data will reflect a rate of deterioration which is a characteristic of the coating material and will bear a relation to its expected useful life as an insulating coating. The test for water penetration will also provide information that is useful in establishing the optimum coating thickness for a given material.
SCOPE
1.1 This method covers the determination of the apparent rate of depth of water penetration into insulating coatings applied to pipe.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jul-2020
ICS
23.040.01 - Pipeline components and pipelines in general
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.48 - Durability of Pipeline Coating and Linings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM G9-07(2013)e1 - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings
Effective Date
01-Aug-2020
Refers
ASTM G12-07(2013) - Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Film Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on Steel (Withdrawn 2013)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Refers
ASTM G12-07 - Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Film Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on Steel
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Refers
ASTM G12-83(1998) - Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Film Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on Steel
Effective Date
10-Jul-1998

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ASTM G9-07(2020) - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration into Pipeline CoatingsASTM G9-07(2020) - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings
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ASTM G9-07(2020) - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: G9 − 07 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G9; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This method covers the determination of the apparent 4.1 The deterioration of an insulating coating film is inti-
rate of depth of water penetration into insulating coatings mately related to its moisture content. The water penetration
applied to pipe. test provides a means for monitoring the passage of moisture
throughacoatingmaterialbymeansofchangesinitsdielectric
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
constant. When expressed in relation to time, the test data will
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
reflect a rate of deterioration which is a characteristic of the
only.
coating material and will bear a relation to its expected useful
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
life as an insulating coating. The test for water penetration will
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
also provide information that is useful in establishing the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
optimum coating thickness for a given material.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Apparatus
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
5.1 Immersion Cell—Any suitable nonmetallic vessel to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
contain the test specimens. Dimensions of the vessel shall
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
permit the following requirements:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.1.1 Test specimens shall be suspended vertically with at
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
least 25 mm (1.0 in.) clearance from the sides and bottom.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1.2 Test specimens shall be separated by not less than 25
to 40 mm (1 to 1.5 in.) and a vertically suspended anode shall
2. Referenced Documents
beplacedatanequaldistancefromeachspecimennotlessthan
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the separation of distance.
G12 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Film
5.1.3 The test vessel shall be deep enough to allow for
Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on Steel (Withdrawn
immersion of the samples in the electrolyte to the level
2013)
specified in 8.1.
NOTE 1—Commercially available, glass battery jars in 2-L (0.55-gal)
3. Summary of Test Method
and 10-L (2.7-gal) sizes can be conveniently used with 19-mm (0.75-in.)
3.1 The method consists of an immersion-type test where
and 51-mm (2.0-in. nominal) diameter specimens, respectively.
pipe specimens are suspended in an aqueous electrolyte for the
5.1.4 A suitable sample support plate fabricated from a
duration of the test period. Electrical measurements of coating
material having a low dielectric constant shall be used to
capacitance and dissipation factor are used to follow the water
suspend the samples and anode above the immersion cell. The
absorption rate of the test materials.
support plate shall contain an access hole for the reference
electrode. A typical test cell is illustrated in Fig. 1.
5.2 Electrolyte, consisting of tap water with the addition of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
1 weight % of each of the following technical-grade anhydrous
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.48 on Durability of Pipeline Coating and Linings. salts: sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, and sodium carbonate.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2020. Published August 2020. Originally
ɛ1
NOTE 2—Add 10 g of each for each litre (0.26 gal) of water.
approvedin1969.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2013asG9 – 07(2013) .DOI:
10.1520/G0009-07R20.
5.2.1 The electrolyte in the immersion cell shall be main-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tained at the proper level by regular additions of tap water.The
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on electrolyte shall not be reused after completion of the test.
the ASTM website.
5.3 Voltage Source—Adirect current power supply, capable
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. of supplying low ripple voltage shall be used to maintain a
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
G9 − 07 (2020)
grounded. The immersion cell shall also be shielded to avoid
capacitance effects from surrounding objects.
NOTE 3—A shield for the test cell can conveniently be fabricated from
most commercially-available tin or aluminum foils of approximately
0.0382-mm (0.0015-in.) thickness and formed around the container.
5.7 Thickness Gage—Measurements of coating thickness
will be required for this test. Any instrument suitable for use
with Test Method G12 can be used.
5.8 Anode, fabricated from 4.76-mm (0.1875-in.) diameter
AISI Type 303 stainless-steel rod, and shall be 178 mm (7.00
in.) long, with the upper 50 mm (2.00 in.) threaded to accept a
locking nut.
6. Test Specimen
6.1 The test specimen shall be a representative piece of
production-coated pipe and shall be free of obvious coating
flaws or defects (see Fig. 3). Any suitable diameter and
specimen length can be used. Physical limitations of the
immersion cells suggested in 5.1.3, Note 1, make it necessary
to restrict the overall sample length to approximately 300 mm
(12.0 in.) for both the 19-mm (0.75-in. nominal) and 51-mm
(2.0-in. nominal) diameter coated pipe specimens.
6.2 The upper and lower ends of the test specimen shall be
plugged and sealed with nonconductive caps of sufficient bulk
to minimize effectively capacitive end effects in the measuring
circuit. For this purpose, an end-cap thickness of from 13 mm
(0.5 in.) to 19 mm (0.75 in.) shall be maintained.
FIG. 1 Typical Test Cell
6.2.1 The end-cap material shall have a dielectric constant
in the range from 2 to 6, bond well to the coating surface, and
exhibit a low water-absorption rate. Several commercially
potential difference of 6.0 6 0.1 V dc between each of the test
available poly(vinyl chloride)-paraffin compounds, are well
specimens and a common electrode.
suited for this purpose.They have a melting point in the 150 to
200°C (300 to 390°F) range, can be poured into molds around
5.4 Connectors—Wiring connections from the anode to the
specimen shall be of No. 18 AWG insulated copper. Attach- the pipe sample, and appear as resilient, durable solids at room
temperature.
ment to the anode shall be sealed and kept above the level of
the electrolyte.Attachment to the specimen shall be made by a
NOTE 4—Using these materials, the end-caps can be applied to the
method that will allow disconnection from the anode when the
required thickness by repeated dipping of the sample ends into a
measuring bridge is in use. A convenient means for accom- molten-wax bath, or through the use of light-weight, disposable molds of
aluminumfoilorpaperformedaroundthepipesampletoallowthecasting
plishing this is through the use of insulated pin-type jacks.
of the caps directly to the surface of the coated pipe sample.
5.5 Capacitance Bridge—Measurements of equivalent
6.3 The end of the specimen which will protrude above the
specimen capacitance and coating dissipation factor shall be
i
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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Figures  
EDP/ASA Identification Numbers
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Fig. 1  
10 ft (3.0 m) in sizes and 5 ft. (1.5 m)
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Method of Specifying Fittings  
Fig. 3  
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Quarter Bend, with Heel Opening  
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1.5 Terminology C896 is to be used for clarification of terminology in this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM B1020/B1020M-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Seamless Nickel Alloy Mechanical Tubing and Hollow Bar

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers seamless nickel alloy tubing for use in mechanical applications or as hollow bar for use in the production of hollow components such as, but not limited to, nozzles, reducers, and couplings by machining where corrosion-resistant or high-temperature strength is needed. The grades covered are listed in Table 1.  
1.2 This specification covers seamless cold-finished mechanical tubing and hollow bar, and seamless hot-finished mechanical tubing and hollow bar in sizes up to 123/4 in. [325 mm] in outside nominal diameter (for round tubing) with wall thicknesses or inside diameters as required.  
1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided and when desired, shall be stated in the order.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C12-22a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitified clay pipe lines in order to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe. The external loads on installed vitrified clay pipe are of two general types: (I) dead loads and (2) live loads. For pipes installed in trenches at a given depth, the dead load increases as the trench width, measured at the top of the pipe, increases. Live loads that act at the ground surface are partially transmitted to the pipe. Live loads may be produced by wheel loading, construction equipment or by compactive effort. Classes of bedding and encasements for pipe in trenches are defined as Class D wherein the pipe shall be placed on a firm and unyielding trench bottom with bell holes provided, Class C wherein the pipe shall be bedded in clean coarse-grained gravels and sands, Class B wherein the pipe shall be bedded in suitable material and Class A. Trenches shall be excavated to a width that will provide adequate working space, but not more than the maximum design width. Trench walls shall not be undercut. Bell holes shall be excavated to prevent point loading of the bells or couplings of laid pipe, and to establish full-length support of the pipe barrel. Final backfill need not be compacted to develop field supporting strength of the pipe. Final backfill may require compaction to prevent settlement of the ground surface.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitrified clay pipe lines by open trench construction methods in order to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1901-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Roof Drain Systems

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings for normal residential and commercial roof drain systems. Material for pipe or fitting shall be made from PE virgin plastic as defined by hydrostatic design stresses and shall contain suitable stabilizers and antioxidants. Pipe and fitting requirements include pipe dimensions, fitting dimensions, chemical resistance, water absorption, system integrity, sealing rings, flattening, impact resistance, workmanship, finish, and appearance. Test methods include test conditions, chemical resistance, water absorption, hydrostatic pressure test, mechanical-joint pullout test, threads, flattening, and impact resistance. Quality and product marking shall also conform to the requirements of this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings for nonpressure roof drain systems.  
1.2 This specification covers pipe and fittings intended for normal residential and commercial uses and is not intended for use in unusual corrosive conditions.
Note 1: Before installing pipe for waste disposal use, the approval of the cognizant building code authority shall be obtained as conditions not found in normal use or temperatures approaching 140 °F (60 °C) may be encountered.  
1.3 Pipe is produced in dimensions based on outside diameters of 32 mm (1.250 in.) and larger in accordance with Specification F714.  
1.4 The interchangeability of pipe and fittings made by different manufacturers is not addressed in this specification. Transition fittings for joining pipe and fittings of different manufacturers is provided for in this specification.  
1.5 Pipe and fittings are joined by the heat-fusion method, by the electrofusion method, or by using mechanical joints (excluding insert fittings) recommended by the manufacturer.  
1.6 In referee decisions, the SI units shall be used for metric-sized pipe and inch-pound units for pipe sized in the IPS system (ANSI B36.10). In all cases, the values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method, Section 7, of this specification.  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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