ASTM D4845-10
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Wool
Standard Terminology Relating to Wool
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Designation: D4845 − 10
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Wool
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4845; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
acid content, n—of felt, the number of milliequivalents of acid carbonized and neutralized wool, n—a term descriptive of
present per unit weight of felt, measured under prescribed scoured wool processed to destroy cellulosic impurities by
conditions. D461 treating with a mineral acid or an acid salt, drying and
baking, crushing, and dusting out the embrittled cellulosic
alkali-solubility, n—in wool, the percent of clean wool that is
matter followed by neutralization of the acidified wool.
soluble in a specified alkaline solution under controlled
D2118
conditions of temperature and time. D1283
carded wool, n—scoured wool which has been processed
alpaca, n—the fleece and fiber produced by the alpaca, an
through a carding machine. D1575
animal of the genus Llama (Lama glama pacus).The fiber is
obtained from several species, namely, Huacaya and Suri. cashmere, n—in roving, yarn, or fabrics, cashmere hair or
D2252
products made therewith having a cashmere coarse-hair
DISCUSSION—Alpaca is normally classified according to type, repre-
content not exceeding a specified maximum percentage by
senting particular combinations of characteristics appropriate to a
length. D2816, D2817
specific use, or descriptive of geographic origin, breed or species of
animal, or preparation for market.
cashmere coarse-hair, n—those coarse fibers in cashmere hair
having widths greater than 30 µm. D2816, D2817
animal fiber, n—any natural protein-base fiber.
D1574, D4510
cashmere coarse-hair content, n—the total length of the
cashmere coarse-hair fibers that are present, expressed as a
aqueous extract, n—in wool testing, the solution obtained by
percentage of the total length of all the cashmere hair fibers;
digesting a material with water or with a sodium chloride
that is, the percentage by length of cashmere coarse-hair in
solution to dissolve soluble materials. D2165
cashmere hair. D2816, D2817
average fiber diameter, n—in wool and other animal fibers,
cashmere down, n—those fibers in cashmere hair having
the average width of a group of fibers when measured on a
widths of 30 µm or less. D2816, D2817
projected image. D2130, D2252, D3991, D3992
cashmere hair, n—the fibers produced by a form of goat
black felt, n—those classifications of felt manufactured to
(Capra hircus) indigenous to Asia and known as the cash-
various shades of the color black. D2475
mere goat. D2816, D2817
breaking tenacity, n—the tenacity corresponding to the break-
DISCUSSION—Characteristically, cashmere hair consists of fine down
ing load. D1294, D2524 (undercoat) fibers and coarse (outercoat) fibers.
DISCUSSION—Breaking tenacity is commonly expressed as grams-
clean wool fiber present, n—in raw wool, the mass of wool
force per tex (gf/tex), grams-force per denier (gf/den), millinewtons per
base present in the raw wool, adjusted to a moisture content
tex mN/tex), or millinewtons per denier (mN/den). Millinewtons are
numerically equal to grams-force times 9.81. of 12 %, an alcohol-extractable content of 1.5 %, and a
mineral matter content of 0.5 %. D584, D1060, D1334
burr-wool waste, n—wasteremovedbytheburrguardofcards
or burr pickers having a very short fiber and full of burrs or
colored fiber, n—in wool top, any fiber the color or shade of
seeds. D4845
which differs from the normal color or shade of the fiber
DISCUSSION—The nature of the waste varies according to the wool
mass of the sample. D1770
from which the burrs are taken.
combing wool, n—wool that is strong and strictly of combing
length, that is, 2 in. (50 mm) or more. D4845
1
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
commercial composition, n—in wool, the percentages by
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.
weight of wool base, moisture, and other nonwool-base
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2010.PublishedJuly2010.Originallyapproved
components in wool to which a specific commercial desig-
in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4845 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/
D4845-10. nation is applied. D2720
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4845 − 10
commercial designation, n—in wool, a term applied to a lot of dimensional change in boiling water (felt), n—the change in
wool in a stated form, and having a specified commercial length and width with any associated change i
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4845–09 Designation:D4845–10
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Wool
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4845; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
acid content, n— of felt, the number of milliequivalents of acid present per unit weight of felt, measured under prescribed
conditions. D461
alkali-solubility, n—in wool, the percent of clean wool that is soluble in a specified alkaline solution under controlled conditions
of temperature and time. D1283
alpaca, n—the fleece and fiber produced by the alpaca, an animal of the genus Llama (Lama glama pacus). The fiber is obtained
from several species, namely, Huacaya and Suri. D2252
DISCUSSION—Alpaca is normally classified according to type, representing particular combinations of characteristics appropriate to a specific use,
or descriptive of geographic origin, breed or species of animal, or preparation for market.
animal fiber, n—any natural protein-base fiber.
D1574, D4510
aqueous extract, n—in wool testing, the solution obtained by digesting a material with water or with a sodium chloride solution
to dissolve soluble materials. D2165
average fiber diameter, n—in wool and other animal fibers, the average width of a group of fibers when measured on a projected
image. D2130, D2252, D3991, D3992
black felt, n—those classifications of felt manufactured to various shades of the color black. D2475
breaking tenacity, n—the tenacity corresponding to the breaking load. D1294, D2524
DISCUSSION—Breaking tenacity is commonly expressed as grams-force per tex (gf/tex), grams-force per denier (gf/den), millinewtons per tex
mN/tex), or millinewtons per denier (mN/den). Millinewtons are numerically equal to grams-force times 9.81.
burr-wool waste, n—waste removed by the burr guard of cards or burr pickers having a very short fiber and full of burrs or seeds.
D4845
DISCUSSION—The nature of the waste varies according to the wool from which the burrs are taken.
carbonized and neutralized wool, n—a term descriptive of scoured wool processed to destroy cellulosic impurities by treating
with a mineral acid or an acid salt, drying and baking, crushing, and dusting out the embrittled cellulosic matter followed by
neutralization of the acidified wool. D2118
carded wool, n—scoured wool which has been processed through a carding machine. D1575
cashmere, n—in roving, yarn, or fabrics, cashmere hair or products made therewith having a cashmere coarse-hair content not
exceeding a specified maximum percentage by length. D2816, D2817
cashmere coarse-hair, n—those coarse fibers in cashmere hair having widths greater than 30 µm. D2816, D2817
cashmere coarse-hair content, n—the total length of the cashmere coarse-hair fibers that are present, expressed as a percentage
of the total length of all the cashmere hair fibers; that is, the percentage by length of cashmere coarse-hair in cashmere hair.
D2816, D2817
cashmere down, n—those fibers in cashmere hair having widths of 30 µm or less. D2816, D2817
cashmere hair, n—the fibers produced by a form of goat (Capra hircus) indigenous to Asia and known as the cashmere goat.
D2816, D2817
DISCUSSION—Characteristically, cashmere hair consists of fine down (undercoat) fibers and coarse (outercoat) fibers.
clean wool fiber present, n—in raw wool, the mass of wool base present in the raw wool, adjusted to a moisture content of 12 %,
an alcohol-extractable content of 1.5 %, and a mineral matter content of 0.5 %. D584, D1060, D1334
colored fiber, n—in wool top, any fiber the color or shade of which differs from the normal color or shade of the fiber mass of
the sample. D1770
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.
Current edition approved JulyJune 1, 2009.2010. Published August 2009.July 2010. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20052009 as
D4845 – 059. DOI: 10.1520/D4845-109.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D4845–10
combing wool, n—wool that is strong and strictly of combing length, that is, 2 in. (50 mm) or more. D4845
commercial composition, n—in wool, the percentages by weight of wool
...
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