ASTM A960/A960M-14a
(Specification)Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Wrought Steel Piping Fittings
Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Wrought Steel Piping Fittings
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the common requirements that shall apply to wrought steel piping fittings. The material shall consist of forgings, bars, plates, and seamless or welded tubular products. Ferritic steels shall be fully killed. Hollow cylindrically shaped parts up to and including NPS 4 may be machined from bar or seamless tubular material. Elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock. The following procedures shall be done for heat treatment: full annealing, solution annealing, isothermal annealing, normalizing, tempering and post-weld heat treatment, stress relieving, and quench and temper. Chemical analysis, heat analysis, and product analysis shall also be done. The chemical requirements shall conform to the required compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, columbium, titanium, aluminum, lead, and copper. The following tests shall be done for the mechanical requirements: tension, hardness, impact, and hydrostatic tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to wrought steel piping fittings covered in any of the following individual product specifications or any other ASTM specification that invokes this specification or portions thereof:
Title of Specification
ASTM
Designation
Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought
Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and
Elevated Temperatures
A234/A234M
Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless
Steel Piping Fittings
A403/A403M
Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon
Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service
A420/A420M
Specification for Butt-Welding, Wrought-Carbon
Steel, Piping Fittings with Improved Notch Toughness
A758/A758M
Specification for As-Welded Wrought Austenitic
Stainless Steel Fittings for General Corrosive
Service at Low and Moderate Temperatures
A774/A774M
Specification for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic,
and Martensitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings
A815/A815M
Specification for Heat-Treated Carbon Steel
Fittings for Low-Temperature and Corrosive Service
A858/A858M
Specification for Wrought High-Strength
Low-Alloy Steel Butt-Welded Fittings
A860/A860M
1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the individual product specification and a requirement of this general requirement specification, the requirements of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification.
1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, additional requirements may be specified (See 4.1.8). The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations with the supplier and must be included in the order as agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and the tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation [SI] of the product specification is specified in the order.
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Designation:A960/A960M −14a
StandardSpecification for
Common Requirements for Wrought Steel Piping Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA960/A960M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
1.1 This specification covers a group of common require-
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
ments that shall apply to wrought steel piping fittings covered
with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless
in any of the following individual product specifications or any
the “M” designation [SI] of the product specification is
other ASTM specification that invokes this specification or
specified in the order.
portions thereof:
Title of Specification ASTM
2. Referenced Documents
Designation
Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought A234/A234M
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Carbon Steel andAlloy Steel for Moderate and
A29/A29M SpecificationforGeneralRequirementsforSteel
Elevated Temperatures
Specification for WroughtAustenitic Stainless A403/A403M
Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
Steel Piping Fittings
A234/A234M Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought
Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon A420/A420M
Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High
Steel andAlloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service
Specification for Butt-Welding, Wrought-Carbon A758/A758M Temperature Service
Steel, Piping Fittings with Improved Notch Toughness
A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular
Specification forAs-Welded WroughtAustenitic A774/A774M
Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
Stainless Steel Fittings for General Corrosive
Service at Low and Moderate Temperatures
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
Specification for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic, A815/A815M
of Steel Products
and Martensitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel
Specification for Heat-Treated Carbon Steel A858/A858M
Fittings for Low-Temperature and Corrosive Service
Forgings
Specification for Wrought High-Strength A860/A860M
A403/A403M SpecificationforWroughtAusteniticStainless
Low-Alloy Steel Butt-Welded Fittings
Steel Piping Fittings
1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the indi-
A420/A420M Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought
vidual product specification and a requirement of this general
Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Ser-
requirement specification, the requirements of the individual
vice
product specification shall prevail over those of this specifica-
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
tion.
for Steel Products for Shipment
1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
supplier, additional requirements may be specified (See 4.1.8).
cal Analysis of Steel Products
The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be
A758/A758M Specification for Wrought-Carbon Steel Butt-
dependent on negotiations with the supplier and must be
Welding Piping Fittings with Improved Notch Toughness
included in the order as agreed upon by the purchaser and
A763 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular
supplier.
Attack in Ferritic Stainless Steels
A774/A774M Specification for As-Welded Wrought Auste-
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
niticStainlessSteelFittingsforGeneralCorrosiveService
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and
at Low and Moderate Temperatures
the tables, the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated
A815/A815M Specification for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/
Austenitic, and Martensitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings
A858/A858M Specification for Heat-Treated Carbon Steel
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.22 on Steel Forgings andWrought Fittings for PipingApplications and Bolting
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A960/A960M–14. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0960_A0960M-14A. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
A960/A960M−14a
Fittings for Low-Temperature and Corrosive Service 3.1.4 flange—a component for bolted joints used in piping
A860/A860M Specification for Wrought High-Strength Fer- systems and pressure vessels.
ritic Steel Butt-Welding Fittings
3.1.5 forging—the product of a substantially compressive
A941 TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
hot or cold plastic working operation that consolidates the
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
material and produces the required shape.
A967 Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for
3.1.6 Discussion—The plastic working must be performed
Stainless Steel Parts
by a forging machine, such as a hammer, press, or ring rolling
A1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel
machine and must deform the material to produce an essen-
Products—Metric
tially wrought structure throughout the material cross section.
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General
3.2 Definitions—For definitions of other terms used in this
Industry
specification, refer to Terminology A941.
E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and
Tubing
4. Ordering Information
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
E1916 Guide for Identification of Mixed Lots of Metals
4.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the
2.2 Manufacturer’s Standardization Society Standards: purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase
MSS-SP-25 The Standard Marking System of Valves,
the needed material. Examples of such information include but
Fittings, Flanges and Unions are not limited to the following:
MSS-SP-43 Standard Practice for Light Weight Stainless
4.1.1 Quantity,
Steel Butt-Welding Fittings 4.1.2 Description of fitting and nominal dimensions (stan-
MSS-SP-75 Specification for High Test Wrought Butt-
dard or special),
Welding Fittings 4.1.3 Steel composition by grade and class designation,
MSS-SP-79 Socket Welding Reducer Inserts
4.1.4 Construction, seamless or welded (unless seamless or
MSS-SP-83 Class 3000 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket Welding welded construction is specified by the purchaser, either may
and Threaded
be furnished at the option of the supplier),
MSS-SP-95 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull Plugs 4.1.5 Specification number (including the year/date of
MSS-SP-97 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet
issue),
Fittings—Socket Welding, Threaded and Buttwelding 4.1.6 Choice of testing track from the options listed in Test
Ends
Methods A1058 when material is ordered to an M suffix (SI
units) product standard. If the choice of test track is not
2.3 American Society of Nondestructive Testing:
specified in the order, then the default ASTM track shall be
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive
used as noted in Test Methods A1058.
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
5 4.1.7 Supplementary requirements, and
2.4 ASME Standards:
4.1.8 Additional requirements.
B16.9 Steel Butt-Welding Fittings
B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded
5. Material
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section IX
5.1 The material for fittings shall consist of forgings, bars,
3. Terminology
plates and seamless or welded tubular products.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.2 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements of
3.1.1 bar—a solid section that is long in relationship to its
theindividualproductspecificationandmaybemadefromany
cross sectional dimensions, with a relatively constant cross
process.
section throughout its length. (See Specification A29/A29M
5.3 Ferritic steels shall be fully killed.
for definitions relating to the production of hot wrought and
5.4 If secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be
cold finished bars.)
defined as all ingots remelted from a primary heat.
3.1.2 certifying organization—the company or association
responsible for the conformance of, the marking of, and the
6. Manufacture
certification of the product to the specification requirements.
6.1 Forging or shaping operations may be performed by any
3.1.3 fitting—a component for non-bolted joints used in
ofthemethodsincludedintheindividualproductspecification.
piping systems and pressure vessels.
6.2 Hollow cylindrically shaped parts up to and including
NPS 4 may be machined from bar or seamless tubular material
AvailablefromManufacturersStandardizationSocietyoftheValveandFittings
provided the axial length of the part is approximately parallel
Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-
to the axial length of the fitting. Elbows, return bends, tees and
hq.com.
header tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock.
AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
6.3 Fittings, after forming at an elevated temperature, shall
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
be cooled to a temperature below the critical range under
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org. suitable conditions to prevent injury by cooling too rapidly.
A960/A960M−14a
6.4 All classes of fittings shall have the welders, welding conforms to the requirements of another grade for which that
operators, and welding procedures qualified under the provi- element is a specified element having a required minimum
sion of Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel content. For this requirement, a grade is defined as an alloy
Code except that welds from the original pipe manufacturer described individually and identified by its own UNS or grade
made without the addition of filler metal do not require such designation in a table of chemical requirements within any
qualification. specification listed within the scope as being covered by this
specification.
7. Heat Treatment
8.3 Product Analysis—If a product analysis is performed it
7.1 Fittings requiring heat treatment shall be treated as
shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and
specified in the individual product specification using the
TerminologyA751.Thechemicalcompositionthusdetermined
following procedures:
shall conform to limits of the product specification, within the
7.1.1 Full Annealing—Fittings shall be uniformly reheated
permissible variations of Table 1 or Table 2 of this
to a temperature above the transformation range and, after
specification, as appropriate for the grade being supplied.
holding for a sufficient time at this temperature, cooled slowly
to a temperature below the transformation range.
7.1.2 Solution Annealing—Fittings shall be heated to a
TABLE 1 Product Analysis Tolerances for Low Alloy and Carbon
temperature that causes the carbides to go into solution and
A
Steels
then quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means to
Permissible Variations
Limit, or Maximum of
prevent reprecipitation.
Elements Over Maximum Limit or
Specified Range, %
7.1.3 Isothermal Annealing—Isothermal annealing shall Under Minimum Limit, %
Carbon to 0.010, incl 0.002
consist of austenitizing a ferrous alloy and then cooling to and
over 0.010 to 0.030, incl 0.005
holding within the range of temperature at which the austenite
over 0.030 to 0.20, incl 0.01
transforms to a relatively soft ferrite-carbide aggregate.
over 0.20 to 0.80, incl 0.02
7.1.4 Normalizing—Fittingsshallbeuniformlyreheatedtoa Manganese to 1.00, incl 0.03
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.04
temperature above the transformation range and subsequently
Phosphorus to 0.040, incl 0.005
cooled in air at room temperature.
over 0.040 to 0.20, incl 0.010
7.1.5 Tempering and Post-Weld Heat Treatment—Fittings Sulfur to 0.040, incl 0.005
over 0.040 to 0.20, incl 0.010
shall be reheated to the prescribed temperature below the
Silicon to 1.00, incl 0.02
transformation range, held at temperature for the greater of ⁄2
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.10
Nickel to 1.00, incl 0.03
h or 1 h/in. [25.4 mm] of thickness at the thickest section and
over 1.00 to 5.00 0.07
cooled in still air.
over 5.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10
7.1.6 Stress Relieving—Fittings shall be uniformly heated to
over 10.00 to 20.00, incl 0.15
Chromium 0.90 and under 0.03
the selected stress relieving temperature.The temperature shall
over 0.90 to 2.10, incl 0.05
not vary from the selected temperature by more than 6 25 °F
over 2.10 to 4.00, incl 0.07
[6 14 °C].
over 4.00 to 10.00, incl 0.10
Molybdenum 0.20 and under 0.01
7.1.7 Quench and Temper—Fittings shall be fully austen-
over 0.20 to 0.60, incl 0.03
itized and immediately quenched in a suitable liquid medium.
over 0.60 to 2.00, incl 0.05
Thequenchedfittingsshallbereheatedtoaminimumtempera-
Vanadium 0.10 and under 0.01
over 0.10 to 0.25, incl 0.02
ture of 1100 °F [590 °C] and cooled in still air.
over 0.25 to 0.50, incl 0.03
minimum value specified, 0.01
8. Chemical Requirements
under minimum
limit only
8.1 Chemical Analysis—Samples for chemical analysis and
Columbium (Niobium) to 1.50, incl 0.05
methods of analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods,
Titanium to 1.00, incl 0.05
Aluminum to 0.15, incl –0.005
Practices and Terminology A751 for Chemical Analysis of
+0.01
Steel Products.
over 0.15 to 0.50, incl 0.05
over 0.50 to 0.80, incl 0.07
8.2 Heat Analysis—Ananalysisofeachheatofsteelshallbe
B
Lead 0.15 to 0.35, incl 0.03
made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of
Copper to 0.50, incl 0.03
thoseelementsspecifiedintheindividualproductspecification. over 0.50 to 1.00, incl 0.05
over 1.00 to 3.00, incl 0.10
If secondary melting processes are employed, the heat analysis
Nitrogen to 0.02, incl 0.005
shall be obtained from one remelted ingot of each primary
over 0.02 to 0.19, incl 0.01
Tungsten to 0.50, incl 0.02
melt. The chemical analysis thus determined shall conform to
over 0.50 to 1.00, incl 0.03
the
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A960/A960M − 14 A960/A960M − 14a
Standard Specification for
Common Requirements for Wrought Steel Piping Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A960/A960M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to wrought steel piping fittings covered in any
of the following individual product specifications or any other ASTM specification that invokes this specification or portions
thereof:
Title of Specification ASTM
Designation
Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought A234/A234M
Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and
Elevated Temperatures
Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless A403/A403M
Steel Piping Fittings
Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon A420/A420M
Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service
Specification for Butt-Welding, Wrought-Carbon A758/A758M
Steel, Piping Fittings with Improved Notch Toughness
Specification for As-Welded Wrought Austenitic A774/A774M
Stainless Steel Fittings for General Corrosive
Service at Low and Moderate Temperatures
Specification for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic, A815/A815M
and Martensitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings
Specification for Heat-Treated Carbon Steel A858/A858M
Fittings for Low-Temperature and Corrosive Service
Specification for Wrought High-Strength A860/A860M
Low-Alloy Steel Butt-Welded Fittings
1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the individual product specification and a requirement of this general
requirement specification, the requirements of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification.
1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, additional requirements may be specified (See 4.1.8). The
acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations with the supplier and must be included in the
order as agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and the
tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation [SI] of the product specification is specified in the order.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A29/A29M Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
A234/A234M Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature
Service
A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22
on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014Nov. 1, 2014. Published May 2014November 2014. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 as
A960/A960M–13.–14. DOI: 10.1520/A0960_A0960M-14.10.1520/A0960_A0960M-14A.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A960/A960M − 14a
A403/A403M Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings
A420/A420M Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A758/A758M Specification for Wrought-Carbon Steel Butt-Welding Piping Fittings with Improved Notch Toughness
A763 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Ferritic Stainless Steels
A774/A774M Specification for As-Welded Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Fittings for General Corrosive Service at Low and
Moderate Temperatures
A815/A815M Specification for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic, and Martensitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings
A858/A858M Specification for Heat-Treated Carbon Steel Fittings for Low-Temperature and Corrosive Service
A860/A860M Specification for Wrought High-Strength Ferritic Steel Butt-Welding Fittings
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
A967 Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts
A1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products—Metric
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and Tubing
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
E1916 Guide for Identification of Mixed Lots of Metals
2.2 Manufacturer’s Standardization Society Standards:
MSS-SP-25 The Standard Marking System of Valves, Fittings, Flanges and Unions
MSS-SP-43 Standard Practice for Light Weight Stainless Steel Butt-Welding Fittings
MSS-SP-75 Specification for High Test Wrought Butt-Welding Fittings
MSS-SP-79 Socket Welding Reducer Inserts
MSS-SP-83 Class 3000 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket Welding and Threaded
MSS-SP-95 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull Plugs
MSS-SP-97 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet Fittings—Socket Welding, Threaded and Buttwelding Ends
2.3 American Society of Nondestructive Testing:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
2.4 ASME Standards:
B16.9 Steel Butt-Welding Fittings
B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section IX
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 bar—a solid section that is long in relationship to its cross sectional dimensions, with a relatively constant cross section
throughout its length. (See Specification A29/A29M for definitions relating to the production of hot wrought and cold finished
bars.)
3.1.2 certifying organization—the company or association responsible for the conformance of, the marking of, and the
certification of the product to the specification requirements.
3.1.3 fitting—a component for non-bolted joints used in piping systems and pressure vessels.
3.1.4 flange—a component for bolted joints used in piping systems and pressure vessels.
3.1.5 forging—the product of a substantially compressive hot or cold plastic working operation that consolidates the material
and produces the required shape.
3.1.6 Discussion—The plastic working must be performed by a forging machine, such as a hammer, press, or ring rolling
machine and must deform the material to produce an essentially wrought structure throughout the material cross section.
3.2 Definitions—For definitions of other terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology A941.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase the needed
material. Examples of such information include but are not limited to the following:
4.1.1 Quantity,
Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-hq.com.
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
A960/A960M − 14a
4.1.2 Description of fitting and nominal dimensions (standard or special),
4.1.3 Steel composition by grade and class designation,
4.1.4 Construction, seamless or welded (unless seamless or welded construction is specified by the purchaser, either may be
furnished at the option of the supplier),
4.1.5 Specification number (including the year/date of issue),
4.1.6 Choice of testing track from the options listed in Test Methods A1058 when material is ordered to an M suffix (SI units)
product standard. If the choice of test track is not specified in the order, then the default ASTM track shall be used as noted in Test
Methods A1058.
4.1.7 Supplementary requirements, and
4.1.8 Additional requirements.
5. Material
5.1 The material for fittings shall consist of forgings, bars, plates and seamless or welded tubular products.
5.2 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements of the individual product specification and may be made from any
process.
5.3 Ferritic steels shall be fully killed.
5.4 If secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all ingots remelted from a primary heat.
6. Manufacture
6.1 Forging or shaping operations may be performed by any of the methods included in the individual product specification.
6.2 Hollow cylindrically shaped parts up to and including NPS 4 may be machined from bar or seamless tubular material
provided the axial length of the part is approximately parallel to the axial length of the fitting. Elbows, return bends, tees and header
tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock.
6.3 Fittings, after forming at an elevated temperature, shall be cooled to a temperature below the critical range under suitable
conditions to prevent injury by cooling too rapidly.
6.4 All classes of fittings shall have the welders, welding operators, and welding procedures qualified under the provision of
Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code except that welds from the original pipe manufacturer made without the
addition of filler metal do not require such qualification.
7. Heat Treatment
7.1 Fittings requiring heat treatment shall be treated as specified in the individual product specification using the following
procedures:
7.1.1 Full Annealing—Fittings shall be uniformly reheated to a temperature above the transformation range and, after holding
for a sufficient time at this temperature, cooled slowly to a temperature below the transformation range.
7.1.2 Solution Annealing—Fittings shall be heated to a temperature that causes the carbides to go into solution and then
quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means to prevent reprecipitation.
7.1.3 Isothermal Annealing—Isothermal annealing shall consist of austenitizing a ferrous alloy and then cooling to and holding
within the range of temperature at which the austenite transforms to a relatively soft ferrite-carbide aggregate.
7.1.4 Normalizing—Fittings shall be uniformly reheated to a temperature above the transformation range and subsequently
cooled in air at room temperature.
7.1.5 Tempering and Post-Weld Heat Treatment—Fittings shall be reheated to the prescribed temperature below the
transformation range, held at temperature for the greater of ⁄2 h or 1 h/in. [25.4 mm] of thickness at the thickest section and cooled
in still air.
7.1.6 Stress Relieving—Fittings shall be uniformly heated to the selected stress relieving temperature. The temperature shall not
vary from the selected temperature by more than 6 25 °F [6 14 °C].
7.1.7 Quench and Temper—Fittings shall be fully austenitized and immediately quenched in a suitable liquid medium. The
quenched fittings shall be reheated to a minimum temperature of 1100 °F [590 °C] and cooled in still air.
8. Chemical Requirements
8.1 Chemical Analysis—Samples for chemical analysis and methods of analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods,
Practices and Terminology A751 for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products.
8.2 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of those
elements specified in the individual product specification. If secondary melting processes are employed, the heat analysis shall be
obtained from one remelted ingot of each primary melt. The chemical analysis thus determined shall conform to the requirements
of the individual product specification. Note that the product analysis (check analysis) tolerances are not to be applied to the heat
analysis requirements.
A960/A960M − 14a
8.2.1 For steels ordered under product specifications referencing this specification of general requirements, the steel shall not
contain an unspecified element, other than nitrogen for stainless steels, for the ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms
to the requirements of another grade for which that element is a specified element having a required minimum content. For this
requirement, a grade is defined as an alloy described individually and identified by its own UNS or grade designation in a table
of chemical requirements within any specification listed within the scope as being covered by this specification.
8.3 Product Analysis—If a product analysis is performed it shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and
Terminology A751. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to limits of the product specification, within the
permissible variations of Table 1 or Table 2 of this specification, as appropriate for the grade being supplied.
9. Mechanical Requirements
9.1 Method of Mechanical Test—All tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370 if the
inch-pound units are specified or Test Methods A1058 if the M suffix (SI Units) standard is specified.
9.2 The test specimen shall represent all material from the same heat and heat treatment load whose maximum thicknesses do
not exceed the thickness of the test specimen or blank by more than ⁄4 in. [6 mm].
TABLE
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