ASTM D6617-08
(Practice)Standard Practice for Laboratory Bias Detection Using Single Test Result from Standard Material
Standard Practice for Laboratory Bias Detection Using Single Test Result from Standard Material
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Laboratories performing petroleum test methods can use this practice to set an acceptable tolerance zone for infrequent testing of CS or CCS material, based on ε, and a desired Type I error, for the purpose of ascertaining if the test method is being performed without bias.
This practice can be used to estimate the power of correctly detecting bias of different magnitudes, using the acceptable tolerance zone set in 4.1, and hence, gain insight into the limitation of the true bias detection capability associated with this acceptable tolerance zone. With this insight, trade-offs can be made between desired Type I error versus desired bias detection capability to suit specific business needs.
The CS testing activities described in this practice are intended to augment and not replace the regular statistical monitoring of test method performance as described in Practice D 6299.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a methodology for establishing an acceptable tolerance zone for the difference between the result obtained from a single implementation of a test method on a CS and its ARV, based on user-specified Type I error, the user-established test method precision, the standard error of the ARV, and a presumed hypothesis that the laboratory is performing the test method without bias.
Note 1—Throughout this practice, the term user refers to the user of this practice; and the term laboratory (see 1.1) refers to the organization or entity that is performing the test method.
1.2 For the tolerance zone established in 1.1, a methodology is presented to estimate the probability that the single test result will fall outside the zone, in the event that there is a bias (positive or negative) of a user-specified magnitude that is deemed to be of practical concern (that is, the presumed hypothesis is not true).
1.3 This practice is intended for ASTM Committee D02 test methods that produce results on a continuous numerical scale.
1.4 This practice assumes that the normal (Gaussian) model is adequate for the description and prediction of measurement system behavior when it is in a state of statistical control.
Note 2—While this practice does not cover scenarios in which multiple results are obtained on the same CS under site precision or repeatability conditions, the statistical concepts presented are applicable. Users wishing to apply these concepts for the scenarios described are advised to consult a statistician and to reference the CS methodology described in Practice D 6299.
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Designation: D6617 − 08 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Practice for
Laboratory Bias Detection Using Single Test Result from
1
Standard Material
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6617; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Due to the inherent imprecision in all test methods, a laboratory cannot expect to obtain the
numerically exact accepted reference value (ARV) of a check standard (CS) material every time one
is tested. Results that are reasonably close to theARV should provide assurance that the laboratory is
performing the test method either without bias, or with a bias that is of no practical concern, hence
requiring no intervention. Results differing from the ARV by more than a certain amount, however,
should lead the laboratory to take corrective action.
a statistician and to reference the CS methodology described in Practice
1. Scope*
D6299.
1.1 This practice covers a methodology for establishing an
acceptable tolerance zone for the difference between the result
2. Referenced Documents
obtained from a single implementation of a test method on a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
CS and its ARV, based on user-specified Type I error, the
D2699Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-
user-establishedtestmethodprecision,thestandarderrorofthe
Ignition Engine Fuel
ARV, and a presumed hypothesis that the laboratory is per-
D6299Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
forming the test method without bias.
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
NOTE 1—Throughout this practice, the term user refers to the user of
Measurement System Performance
thispractice;andthetermlaboratory(see1.1)referstotheorganizationor
E178Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
entity that is performing the test method.
1.2 Forthetolerancezoneestablishedin1.1,amethodology
3. Terminology
ispresentedtoestimatetheprobabilitythatthesingletestresult
will fall outside the zone, in the event that there is a bias
3.1 Definitions for accepted reference value (ARV),
(positive or negative) of a user-specified magnitude that is
accuracy, bias, check standard (CS), in statistical control, site
deemed to be of practical concern (that is, the presumed
precision, site precision standard deviation (σ ), site preci-
SITE
hypothesis is not true).
sion conditions, repeatability conditions, and reproducibility
conditions can be found in Practice D6299.
1.3 ThispracticeisintendedforASTMCommitteeD02test
methods that produce results on a continuous numerical scale.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 acceptable tolerance zone, n—a numerical zone
1.4 This practice assumes that the normal (Gaussian) model
is adequate for the description and prediction of measurement bounded inclusively by zero 6 k ϵ (k is a value based on a
system behavior when it is in a state of statistical control. user-specifiedTypeIerror;ϵisdefinedin3.2.7)suchthatifthe
differencebetweentheresultobtainedfromasingleimplemen-
NOTE2—Whilethispracticedoesnotcoverscenariosinwhichmultiple
tation of a test method for a CS and its ARV falls inside this
results are obtained on the same CS under site precision or repeatability
zone, the presumed hypothesis that the laboratory or testing
conditions,thestatisticalconceptspresentedareapplicable.Userswishing
to apply these concepts for the scenarios described are advised to consult
organization is performing the test method without bias is
accepted, and the difference is attributed to normal random
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.94 on
2
Coordinating Subcommittee on Quality Assurance and Statistics. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6617–05. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D6617-08. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6617 − 08
variation of the test method. Conversely, if the difference falls 3.2.8.1 Discussion—Type I error, commonly known as al-
outside this zone, the presumed hypothesis is rejected. pha (α) error
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D6617–05 Designation:D6617–08
Standard Practice for
Laboratory Bias Detection Using Single Test Result from
1
Standard Material
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6617; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Due to the inherent imprecision in all test methods, a laboratory cannot expect to obtain the
numerically exact accepted reference value (ARV) of a check standard (CS) material every time one
is tested. Results that are reasonably close to theARV should provide assurance that the laboratory is
performing the test method either without bias, or with a bias that is of no practical concern, hence
requiring no intervention. Results differing from the ARV by more than a certain amount, however,
should lead the laboratory to take corrective action.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers a methodology for establishing an acceptable tolerance zone for the difference between the result
obtained from a single implementation of a test method on a CS and its ARV, based on user-specified Type I error, the
user-established test method precision, the standard error of theARV, and a presumed hypothesis that the laboratory is performing
the test method without bias.
NOTE 1—Throughout this practice, the term user refers to the user of this practice; and the term laboratory (see 1.1) refers to the organization or entity
that is performing the test method.
1.2 For the tolerance zone established in 1.1, a methodology is presented to estimate the probability that the single test result
will fall outside the zone, in the event that there is a bias (positive or negative) of a user-specified magnitude that is deemed to
be of practical concern (that is, the presumed hypothesis is not true).
1.3 This practice is intended for ASTM Committee D02 test methods that produce results on a continuous numerical scale.
1.4 This practice assumes that the normal (Gaussian) model is adequate for the description and prediction of measurement
system behavior when it is in a state of statistical control.
NOTE 2—While this practice does not cover scenarios in which multiple results are obtained on the same CS under site precision or repeatability
conditions, the statistical concepts presented are applicable. Users wishing to apply these concepts for the scenarios described are advised to consult a
statistician and to reference the CS methodology described in Practice D 6299.
1.5Software program SiteBias, Version 1.0.1 (ADJD6617) performs the necessary calculations prescribed by this practice.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D 6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
Measurement System Performance
E 178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
2.2ASTM Adjuncts:
ADJD6617
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.94 on
Coordinating Subcommittee on Quality Assurance and Statistics.
Current edition approved Nov.Dec. 1, 2005.2008. Published February 2006.January 2009. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20002005 as
D 6617–005.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6617–08
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitionsforacceptedreferencevalue(ARV),accuracy,bias,checkstandard(CS),instatisticalcontrol,siteprecision,site
precisionstandarddeviation(s ),siteprecisionconditions,repeatabilityconditions,andreproducibilityconditionscanbefound
SITE
in Practice D 6299.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 acceptable tolerance zone, n—a numerical zone bounded inclusively by zero 6 k ´ (k is a value based on a user-specified
Type I error; ´ is defined in 3.2.7) suc
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D6617–05 Designation:D6617–08
Standard Practice for
Laboratory Bias Detection Using Single Test Result from
1
Standard Material
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6617; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Due to the inherent imprecision in all test methods, a laboratory cannot expect to obtain the
numerically exact accepted reference value (ARV) of a check standard (CS) material every time one
is tested. Results that are reasonably close to theARV should provide assurance that the laboratory is
performing the test method either without bias, or with a bias that is of no practical concern, hence
requiring no intervention. Results differing from the ARV by more than a certain amount, however,
should lead the laboratory to take corrective action.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers a methodology for establishing an acceptable tolerance zone for the difference between the result
obtained from a single implementation of a test method on a CS and its ARV, based on user-specified Type I error, the
user-established test method precision, the standard error of theARV, and a presumed hypothesis that the laboratory is performing
the test method without bias.
NOTE 1—Throughout this practice, the term user refers to the user of this practice; and the term laboratory (see 1.1) refers to the organization or entity
that is performing the test method.
1.2 For the tolerance zone established in 1.1, a methodology is presented to estimate the probability that the single test result
will fall outside the zone, in the event that there is a bias (positive or negative) of a user-specified magnitude that is deemed to
be of practical concern (that is, the presumed hypothesis is not true).
1.3 This practice is intended for ASTM Committee D02 test methods that produce results on a continuous numerical scale.
1.4 This practice assumes that the normal (Gaussian) model is adequate for the description and prediction of measurement
system behavior when it is in a state of statistical control.
NOTE 2—While this practice does not cover scenarios in which multiple results are obtained on the same CS under site precision or repeatability
conditions, the statistical concepts presented are applicable. Users wishing to apply these concepts for the scenarios described are advised to consult a
statistician and to reference the CS methodology described in Practice D 6299.
1.5Software program SiteBias, Version 1.0.1 (ADJD6617) performs the necessary calculations prescribed by this practice.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D 6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
Measurement System Performance
E 178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
2.2ASTM Adjuncts:
ADJD6617
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.94 on
Coordinating Subcommittee on Quality Assurance and Statistics.
Current edition approved Nov.Dec. 1, 2005.2008. Published February 2006.January 2009. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20002005 as
D 6617–005.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6617–08
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitionsforacceptedreferencevalue(ARV),accuracy,bias,checkstandard(CS),instatisticalcontrol,siteprecision,site
precisionstandarddeviation(s ),siteprecisionconditions,repeatabilityconditions,andreproducibilityconditionscanbefound
SITE
in Practice D 6299.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 acceptable tolerance zone, n—a numerical zone bounded inclusively by zero 6 k ´ (k is a value based on a user-specified
Type I error; ´ is defined in 3.2.7) suc
...
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