ASTM E2786-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Measuring Expansion of Intumescent Materials Used in Firestop and Joint Systems
Standard Test Methods for Measuring Expansion of Intumescent Materials Used in Firestop and Joint Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are intended to measure the material’s expansion after heating.
The test methods also provide a means to determine the expansion factor.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine, by measurement, the expansion of intumescent materials used in firestop and joint systems under specified conditions.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The text of these test methods references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the fire test response standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: E2786 − 10
StandardTest Methods for
Measuring Expansion of Intumescent Materials Used in
Firestop and Joint Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2786; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.3 expansion, n—anincreaseinthedimensionsastheresult
of heating.
1.1 These test methods determine, by measurement, the
3.4 intumescent, adj—characterized by swelling when ex-
expansion of intumescent materials used in firestop and joint
posed to high surface temperatures or flames.
systems under specified conditions.
3.5 expansion factor, n—the ratio of the material height
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
before and after heating, under test conditions that allow
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
expansion only in the vertical direction.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 The text of these test methods references notes and
4.1 These test methods place a material of a specified
footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
thickness or volume into a specific device that is capable of
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
heating the material.
considered as requirements of the fire test response standard.
4.2 After the material is heated, its dimensional or volumet-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ric change is measured.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.3 Two test methods are provided, one using a test speci-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
men holder (Test Method A) and the other using a water
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
displacement method (Test Method B).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.4 Test MethodAmay be used for measuring expansion of
2. Referenced Documents
any material.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.5 Test Method B may be used for measuring expansion of
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
any material, except for those materials that are granular, that
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
are susceptible to absorbing paraffin in conditioned pre-
expandedstateorpost-expandedstate,orthataresusceptibleto
3. Terminology
damage or deformation in a post-expanded state.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions in the following standards will
4.6 The test method used must be reported, as use of
prevail for terms not defined in these test methods.
different test methods will result in different expansion factors.
3.1.1 For definitions of general terms used in these test
methods related to building construction, refer to Terminology
5. Significance and Use
E631.
5.1 These test methods are intended to measure the materi-
3.1.2 For definitions of general terms used in these test
al’s expansion after heating.
methods related to fire standards, refer to Terminology E176.
5.2 The test methods also provide a means to determine the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
expansion factor.
6. Apparatus
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.21
6.1 Heating Device—An enclosed furnace or oven or simi-
on Serviceability.
lar equipment capable of maintaining the temperature specified
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. DOI:
herein and large enough to contain the test specimen holder.
10.1520/E2786-10.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.2 Test Method A—Test Specimen Holder Method:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.2.1 Test Specimen Holder—A Series 300 stainless steel
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. assembly consisting of at least two cylinders contained in a
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2786 − 10
frame into which the material is placed. Each cylinder shall be 7. Hazards
nominally 5 in. (130 mm) high with a nominal 2 in. (50 mm)
7.1 This test method uses equipment, which alters a mate-
outside diameter. Fig. 1 is an example of a test specimen
rial’s state that may create noxious gases that may be harmful.
holder. Wall thickness shall be nominal 0.08 in. (2 mm).
Care should be taken to provide adequate ventilation for all
6.2.2 Restrictor Plate—A Series 300 stainless steel disc
equipment capable of producing this effect.
with a diameter of 0.01 to 0.015 in. (0.25 to 0.38 mm) less than
that of the cylinder in 6.2.1 and with a mass of 1.14 oz/in (5
8. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
2 2 2
g/cm ), 60.023 oz/in (0.1 g/cm ).
8.1 Samples representative of the material shall be ran-
NOTE 1—For a Series 300 stainless steel, a qualifying restrictor plate
domly selected. Record the name, address, manufacturer’s
can be made from solid bar stock with an O.D. of 1.82 in. (46.2 mm) and
designation, and lot number for the material that was used for
a thickness of 0.25 in. (6.5 mm ) (see Fig. 2).
the test sample.
6.2.3 Steel rule die with the same width as the diameter of
NOTE 2—When samples are selected by the laboratory or its authorized
the cylinder in 6.2.1, +0.0 – 0.015 in. (+0 – 0.38 mm).
representative as part of a quality assurance program, the samples shall be
6.2.4 The following are needed to prepare some test speci-
duly marked to ensure traceability.
mens:
NOTE 3—Samples may be selected from other sources other than the
6.2.4.1 A dial caliper with a smallest division of 0.001 in.
manufacturer’s facility. The manufacturer of the samples may not be
(0.025 mm),
known.
6.2.4.2 Drying oven capable of reaching and maintaining
8.2 The results of this test are only applicable to the specific
212°F (100°C),
nominal thickness and density of the material sampled and
6.2.4.3 A balance accurate to 60.00035 oz (60.01 g),
tested.
6.2.4.4 Asmall hydraulic press with platens larger than 5 in.
8.3 At least three test specimens shall be used.
(130 mm) square,
6.2.4.5 Two nominal 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) thick metal shims at
8.4 Each test specimen shall be a single piece without any
least 4 in. (100 mm) long to create the needed product
joints.
thickness in the press,
8.4.1 Exception 1—Granular materials.
6.2.4.6 Release liner paper, and
8.4.2 Exception 2—Materials that have dimensions that are
6.2.4.7 Steel ruler graduated to 0.0156 in. (0.39 mm).
smaller than required to create a 2 in. (50 mm) method A or 1
in. (25 mm) method B, diameter round test sample shall be
6.3 Test Method B—Water Displacement Method (See Fig.
joined together to create the test specimen. The method of
3):
joining shall be acceptable to the test sponsor and to the testing
6.3.1 Base, independent of the balance,
laboratory.
6.3.2 Steel rule die, 1 in. (25 mm) diameter,
6.3.3 Glass beaker, 400-mL smooth wall type,
NOTE 4—When joining is required, the method of joining should not
6.3.4 Weight with hook attached,
have any significant anticipated effect on the results of the test. Prepare all
6.3.5 Aluminum tins, test specimens using the same method for each material.
NOTE 5—When comparing results between laboratories or tests, it is
6.3.6 Electric hot plate for heating wax,
critical that the same preparation and test method is used in all tests.
6.3.7 Paraffın wax with Melting Point of 132.8°F – 134.6°F
(56°C – 57°C), or equivalent. 8.5 For preformed materials, cut the samples into disc-
6.3.8 Distilled Water. shaped test specimens using a die.
FIG. 1 Test Specimen Holder (Test Method A)
E2786 − 10
FIG. 2 Restrictor Plate
FIG. 3 Test Method B Apparatus
8.6 For caulk and putty materials: 8.7.2 Tap the graduated cylinder on hard surface 10 times.
8.6.1 Cuttwopiecesofreleaselinerpaperintonominal5in. 8.7.3 Read and record the volume of granules in the
(125 mm) squares for each test specimen. Place enough graduated cylinder to the nearest millilitre (see 12.1.2.1).
material in the center of one sheet so that when compressed it 8.7.4 Pour material into test specimen holder.
will create a nominal 4 in. (100 mm) square by 0.25 in. (6.4 8.7.5 Repeat steps 8.7.1 – 8.7.4 until three test samples are
mm) thick sample. Place the other sheet of release liner paper prepared for heating.
squarely over the top of the first, sandwiching the material
8.8 Each test specimen shall have its own identification or
between them.
designation. All information recorded shall reference that
8.6.2 Place the metal shims along the outer edges of the
identification or designation.
platen press.
9. Preparation of Apparatus
8.6.3 Place the release liner paper and material sandwich
between and in the center of the platen press.
9.1 Test Temperatures—Prior to conducting the test, the
8.6.4 Close the press so that it stops at the metal shims.
heating device shall be brought to equilibrium at the required
Leave the release liner paper and material sandwich in the
test temperature.
press for at least 30 s.
9.2 The test specimen holder, used for Test MethodA, shall
8.6.5 Remove sample from press.
be cleaned prior to performing each test. Cleaning shall
8.6.6 Cure samples in accordance with manufacturer’s pub-
incorporate any process used at the discretion of the laboratory
lished instructions.
that will render the apparatus free from any debris or residue
8.6.7 Takethereleaselinerwithmaterialoutoftheovenand
from previous testing. The apparatus shall also be fully dry
letitcooltoroomtemperature,thenremovethetopandbottom
prior to installing test specimens.
layers of the release liner paper and remove the cured material.
8.6.8 Cut the sample into at least three disc-shaped test 10. Calibration and Standardization
specimens using a die.
10.1 The temperature in the heating device shall be verified
8.7 For granular materials: using a thermocouple or thermometer that is accurate to 65°F
8.7.1 Pour granules into a 100 ml graduated cylinder. (63°C).
E2786 − 10
diameter of commercially available stainless steel tubing is 1.834 in. (46.6
10.2 The measuring device used to determine expansion
2 2
mm) and the correlating area is 2.64 in (17 cm ).
shall be accurate to 60.01 in. 6(0.25 mm).
12.2 Place test specimens into the test specimen holder.
10.3 The measuring device used to determine the initial
Place one sample in the bottom of each cylinder. Each test
thickness of the samples shall be accurate to 60.001 in.
specimen shall be laid flat in the bottom of the cylinder. Cover
(60.025 mm).
the test specimen with the Restrictor Plate as described in
6.2.2.
11. Conditioning
11.1 All test specimens shall be conditioned to equilibrium 12.3 Measure the distance from the top edge of the test
specimen holder to the top of Restrictor Plate. Record this
by weight in a room or chamber with a temperature of 72°F 6
5°F (23 6 3°C) at 50 6 5 % RH. Weigh and record the weight distance as H.
i
of each test specimen once a day until equilibrium is reached.
12.4 The specimen holder containing test specimens, as
Equilibrium is considered achieved when the weight change is
described in 12.2, shall be exposed to a temperature of 1022 6
less than 1 % per day. After the samples have reached
5°F (550 6 2.7°C).
equilibrium, they are to be retrieved and tested within 1 hour
12.5 Insert the test specimen holder into the pre-heated
after removal from the conditioning environment.
heating device as described in 6.1.
12. Proceedure
12.6 Leave the test specimen holder in the heating device
for 30 6 1 min.
TEST METHOD A – TEST SPECIMEN HOLDER
METHOD 12.7 Remove the test specimen holder from the heating
device and place it in a room or chamber with a temperature of
12.1 Measure the pre-test sample dimensions:
72°F 6 5°F (23 6 3°C) at 50 6 5 % RH.
12.1.1 Solid Samples:
12.1.1.1 Measure and record each preformed test specimen 12.8 Allow the test specimen holder to cool to reach the
thickness at five symmetrical points as shown in Fig. 4 for temperature in the room or chamber.
three test specimens. For granular materials, see 12.1.2.
12.9 Measuring Expanded Samples:
12.1.1.2 Measure the thickness as shown in Fig. 4 within
12.9.1 Solid Samples:
60.001 in. (60.025 mm). Record this measurement as H (see
s
12.9.1.1 After cooling, measure and record the minimum
13.1.1).
and maximum expansion of intumescent materials for each test
12.1.2 Granular Samples:
specimen to the nearest ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm). Measure the distance
12.1.2.1 Use the volume recorded in 8.7.3. Divide the
from the top edge of the test specimen holder to the top of
volume by the cross-sectional area of the inside of the test
Restrictor Plate. Record this distance as H .
f
specimen holder cylinder. Record this value as H .
s
12.9.1.2 If the expanded sample height, as calculated by (H
f
NOTE 6—For the cylinder dimension discussed in 6.2.1, the inside – H)+ H , is less than 1.5 in. (38 mm), the test shall be
i s
FIG. 4 Thickness Measuring Points
E2786 − 10
discarded. Subsequent tests shall be conducted using the 12.13.3 Melt paraffin wax in a heating vessel on the hot
minimum number of multiple layers of material at the initial plate and keep the paraffin at 200 6 5°F (93 6 3°C).
sample thickness, so that the expanded sample shall have a
12.13.4 Dip the expanded samples in paraffin wax for 10
minimum height of 1.5 in. (38 mm) and a maximum height of seconds. Drain off excess wax and allow it to cool to room
4 in. (102 mm).
temperature.
12.13.5 Tare the balance with the hook and weight attached
NOTE 7—H is measured in 12.9.1.1, H is measured in 12.3, H is
f i s
to the metal frame and suspended in water.
measured in 12.1.1.2 or 12.1.2.1.
12.13.6 Place the expanded sample on top of the balance
NOTE 8—Discussion: A minimum expansion height is specified so the
allowed measurement tolerance of ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm) does not produce
pan. Record the weight value from the balance as W, 60.01 g.
f
excessive errors in the final result.
Tare the balance again, with the sample still on the balance
12.13.7 Remove the sample from the pan and suspend it on
12.9.1.3 Calculate the expansion factor using the procedure
and formulas in 13.1. the hook so that it is under water. The sample must be
completely submerged and free from the sides of the beaker.
12.9.2 Granular Samples:
12.13.8
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