ASTM D6659-08

Standard Practice for Sampling and Preparation of Wet Blue for Physical and Chemical Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The sampling procedures described in this practice have been designed to ensure random sampling of wet blue for physical and chemical tests. Wet blue is a natural product and as such is subject to extensive variability. The physical and chemical properties vary considerably depending on location on the hide, side, or skin from which the test sample is taken. Random sampling of specimens from a predefined location and orientation minimizes test bias and variability. This practice defines these parameters.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling and preparation of wet blue for physical and chemical tests. The product is grouped into lots that are randomly sampled in such a manner as to produce a representative sample of the lot. This sample may be used to determine compliance of the lot with applicable specification requirements, and on the basis of results, the lot may be accepted or rejected in its entirety.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2008
• ICS: 19.020 - Test conditions and procedures in general
• ICS: 59.140.10 - Processes and auxiliary materials
• Technical Committee: D31 - Leather
• Drafting Committee: D31.02 - Wet Blue

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D6659-01(2007) - Standard Practice for Sampling and Preparation of Wet Blue for Physical and Chemical Tests
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM D6659-10 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Preparation of Wet Blue for Physical and Chemical Tests
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D6714-16(2021) - Standard Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Ashed Wet Blue (Perchloric Acid Oxidation)
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D2868-17 - Standard Test Method for Nitrogen Content (Kjeldahl) and Hide Substance Content of Leather, Wet Blue and Wet White
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D7674-14a(2021) - Standard Test Method for Hexane/Petroleum Ether Extract in Wet Blue and Wet White
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D6657-16(2021) - Standard Test Method for pH of Wet Blue and Wet White
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D6658-08(2020) - Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter (Moisture) of Wet Blue by Oven Drying
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D6656-16(2021) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Chromic Oxide in Wet Blue (Perchloric Acid Oxidation)
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D7967-21 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Chrome Content (as Cr<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>) in Wet Blue using Atomic Absorption or ICP
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D7477-16(2021) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Area Stability of Wet Blue Submersed in Boiling Water
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D6716-08(2020) - Standard Test Method for Total Ash in Wet Blue or Wet White
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D8451-22 - Standard Test Method for Calculation of Unfixed Chrome Concentration in Wet Blue
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6659–08
Standard Practice for
Sampling and Preparation of Wet Blue for Physical and
1
Chemical Tests
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6659; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope chemical properties vary considerably depending on location
on the hide, side, or skin from which the test sample is taken.
1.1 Thispracticecoversthesamplingandpreparationofwet
Random sampling of specimens from a predefined location and
blue for physical and chemical tests. The product is grouped
orientation minimizes test bias and variability. This practice
into lots that are randomly sampled in such a manner as to
defines these parameters.
produce a representative sample of the lot.This sample may be
used to determine compliance of the lot with applicable
4. Conditioning
specification requirements, and on the basis of results, the lot
4.1 Chemical and physical tests of wet blue, unless other-
may be accepted or rejected in its entirety.
wise specified in the applicable test method, specification, or
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
procurement document, shall be performed under standard
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
atmospheric conditions, which is 50 6 4% relative humidity at
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
a temperature of 23 6 1 °C (73.4 6 2 °F). If testing conditions
and are not considered standard.
vary from this standard the actual conditions must be included
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in the report of all such tests.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Sampling Procedure
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 Prior to sampling, identify the product properly as a lot
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
or batch.
2. Terminology 5.2 Select units from locations scattered throughout the lot,
not from the same portion of the lot, such as a single pallet,
2.1 Definitions:
carton, layer, etc. Take without regard to quality.
2.1.1 lot (or batch), n—units of products from a single type,
5.2.1 The number of samples taken depends on the reliabil-
grade, class, size, and composition, manufactured under essen-
ity of the test results, the deviation of the properties, and the
tially the same conditions and time.
error of the testing procedure. The number of samples taken
2.1.1.1 Discussion—Wet blue in formed lots should be
may be at the discretion of the user and the related test method
produced from: (1) Units of product of similar size and type.
and should also be recorded on the test report. It is recom-
(2) Chromium tanning material obtained from the same pro-
mended that 12 samples be taken for every 50,000 square feet
ducer(orfunctionallyequivalent).(3)Asingleproductmethod.
of hide or skin. These 12 shall be considered a lot, or batch.
(4) Sequential production batches.
2.1.2 unit, n—a piece of wet blue in the form in which it is
NOTE 1—By reason of the high moisture content of wet blue, samples
purchased, such as a single hide, skin, or any part thereof. should be taken after the wringing operation and immediately sealed in
airtight plastic wrap. Store in a cool place until used.
3. Significance and Use
5.3 The standard location for sampling wet blue is the
3.1 The sampling procedures described in this practice have
kidney area (designated as TEST AREA “a”in Fig. 1).
been designed to ensure random sampling of wet blue for
Sampling in the belly or shoulder area is only applicable if that
physical and chemical tests. Wet blue is a natural product and
is the end product being sold or purchased:
as such is subject to extensive variability. The physical and
5.3.1 Skins—Cut the test piece to the size and shape
required for the tests to be made, with one edge parallel to and
1 in. (25.4 mm) from the backbone line, beginning 3 in. (76
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather and
mm) from the root of the tail. Pieces shall be cut from only one
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.02 on Wet Blue.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
side of the backbone of each skin. The test area for skins
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D6659-01(2007). DOI:
corresponds to area a for cattlehides of Fig. 1.
10.1520/D6659-08.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6659–01(Reapproved2007) Designation:D6659–08
Standard Practice for
Sampling and Preparation of Wet Blue for Physical and
1
Chemical Tests
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6659; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the sampling and preparation of wet blue for physical and chemical tests. The product is grouped into
lots that are randomly sampled in such a manner as to produce a representative sample of the lot. This sample may be used to
determine compliance of the lot with applicable specification requirements, and on the basis of results, the lot may be accepted
or rejected in its entirety.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions:
2.1.1 lot (or batch), n—units of products from a single type, grade, class, size, and composition, manufactured under essentially
the same conditions and time.
2.1.1.1 Discussion—Wet blue in formed lots should be produced from: (1) Units of product of similar size and type. (2)
Chromium tanning material obtained from the same producer (or functionally equivalent). (3) A single product method. (4)
Sequential production batches.
2.1.2 unit, n—a piece of wet blue in the form in which it is purchased, such as a single hide, skin, or any part thereof.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The sampling procedures described in this practice have been designed to ensure random sampling of wet blue for physical
and chemical tests. Wet blue is a natural product and as such is subject to extensive variability. The physical and chemical
propertiesvaryconsiderablydependingonlocationonthehide,side,orskinfromwhichthetestsampleistaken.Randomsampling
of specimens from a predefined location and orientation minimizes test bias and variability.This practice defines these parameters.
4. Conditioning
4.1 Chemical and physical tests of wet blue, unless otherwise specified in the applicable test method, specification, or
procurement document, shall be performed under standard atmospheric conditions, which is 50 6 4% relative humidity at a
temperature of 23 6 1 °C (73.4 6 2 °F). If testing conditions vary from this standard the actual conditions must be included in
the report of all such tests.
5. Sampling Procedure
5.1 Prior to sampling, identify the product properly as a lot or batch.
5.2 Select units from locations scattered throughout the lot, not from the same portion of the lot, such as a single pallet, carton,
layer, etc. Take without regard to quality.
5.2.1 The number of samples taken depends on the reliability of the test results, the deviation of the properties, and the error
of the testing procedure. The number of samples taken may be at the discretion of the user and the related test method and should
also be recorded on the test report. It is recommended that 12 samples be taken for every 50,000 square feet of hide or skin. These
12 shall be considered a lot, or batch.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.02 on Wet Blue.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007.2008. Published September 2007.October 2008. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 as
D 6659-01(2007).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D6659–08
NOTE 1—By reason of the high moisture content of wet blue, samples should be taken after the wringing operation and immediately sealed in airtight
plastic wrap. Store in a cool place until used.
5.3 The standard location for sampling wet blue is the kidney area (designated as TESTAREA“a” in Fig. 1). Sampling in the
belly or shoulder area is only applicable if that is the end product being sold or
...